Bujinkan

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The badge is the Bujinkan symbol and graduation badge from 5th to 9th Dan

Bujinkan Budō Taijutsu ( Japanese 武神 館 武 道 体 術 ) or completely Bujinkan Dōjō Budō Taijutsu ( 武神 館 道場 武 道 体 術 ), also called Ninjutsu or Ninpo , is a Japanese martial art that is widespread worldwide (formerly the art of war), the head of which, called Sōke , the Japanese is Masaaki Hatsumi . Bujinkan is a martial art that teaches traditional samurai - and ninja - but also principles applicable to the present day. The student is also given insights into medicine (e.g. Kuatsu : first aid; Seikotsu : straightening bones; Taisō gymnastics), camouflage strategies (e.g. the Shinobi ) and philosophy.

history

Toshitsugu Takamatsu, the grand master of nine Japanese martial arts schools, appointed his student Masaaki Hatsumi as his successor shortly before his death in 1972. Due to the multitude and complexity of the techniques used in the nine schools, Dr. Hatsumi not to teach the techniques separately but as a unit.

In honor of his teacher Takamatsu, who was called Bujin ("divine warrior") after his death , he gave the martial art the name Bujinkan Budo Taijutsu . This expression offers several translation options; the general German translation for Bujinkan is "House of the Divine Warrior" ( Bu "Warrior", Jin "God", Kan "House"). Budō means “the way of war” and Taijutsu stands for “body technique”.

The main house (Japanese hombu dōjō ) of the Bujinkan Dōjō with the name Bujinden is in Noda near Tokyo . Associations and groups in which Bujinkan Dōjō Budo Taijutsu are practiced exist all over the world. Belonging to the Bujinkan is established through direct contact, i.e. H. Training in Japan with Hatsumi Sensei, cultivated.

Today a system of nine Japanese martial arts, called schools or traditions ( ryūha ), is taught in the Bujinkan-Dōjō around the world . Six of the schools were samurai schools, the other three are considered schools of ninja, hence the name Ninjutsu for Bujinkan Budo. Due to the techniques used in the ninja traditions, Bujinkan is often mistakenly associated with the ninja as they emerged from Hollywood films: men in black who carry out covert missions with swords on their backs and throwing stars ( shuriken ).

Nine schools

Name in Kanji Name of the school meaning founding Techniques / weapons Others
戸 隠 流 忍 法 体 術 Togakure Ryu Ninpo Taijutsu Hidden Door School End of the 12th century Infiltration; Senban Shuriken , Shuko, Shindake Ninja school; Survival school
雲 隠 流 忍 法 体 術 Kumogakure Ryu Ninpo Taijutsu School of the Hidden Cloud approx. 14-15. Century Armor; Kamayari (trident spear ), fire Ninja school; Ninja wore demon masks
玉 心 流 忍 法 体 術 Gyokushin Ryu Ninpo Taijutsu School of the jeweled heart after 1156 Blocks, punches, kicks; Nagenawa ; espionage Ninja school
玉 虎 流 骨 指 術 Gyokko Ryu Kosshi Jutsu School of the jeweled tiger approx. 618–907 AD Destroy muscles of the attacker; Katana , Bō , Tantō Chinese school, taught by ninja and samurai
虎 倒流 骨 法術 Koto Ryu Koppo Jutsu School that knocked down the tiger before 1542 Atemi-te , very hard blows with fingers on the nerve points Chinese school, taught by ninja and samurai; Probably came to Japan via Korea
神 伝 不 動 流 打拳 体 術 Shinden Fudo Ryū Daken Taijutsu School of the immobile heart Middle of the 12th century Naturalness of movements; longer katana, nawa, war ax and war hammer japanese samurai school; closely connected with nature
九 鬼神 伝 流 八 法 秘 剣 術 Kukishinden Ryū Happo Biken Jutsu School of the nine demon gods 14th century Bo, Jo, Hanbo, Nawa, Kodachi , Jutte , Tessen , Naginata , Bisento , Shuriken Originated from the Kukishin Ryū, Japanese samurai school, used in the war
高木 揚 心 流 柔 体 術 Takagi Yôshin Ryu Jutai Jutsu High Tree Willow Spirit School End of the 16th century Distance, breaking balance, moving the entire body japanese samurai school; Compliance philosophy: a willow is flexible, but a tall tree is fragile.
義 鑑 流 骨 法術 Gikan Ryu Koppo Jutsu School of Justice Learning End of the 16th century The attack comes from the side that the enemy does not expect japanese samurai school; A school that Hatsumi has not yet taught publicly because it is said to be very complicated

Every year in the Bujinkan the training has a special theme, the Bujinkan annual training theme. It is usually one of the nine schools ( ryūha ) of the Bujinkan and a weapon aspect.

successor

Close to his 88th birthday (Beiju: yes: 米 寿) on December 2, 2019, Hatsumi appointed a successor to the schools

  • Togakure Ryu: Tsutsui Takumi
  • Gyokushin Ryu: Kan Jun'ichi
  • Kumogakure Ryū: Furuta Kōji
  • Kotō Ryū: Noguchi Yukio
  • Gyokko Ryu: Ishizuka Tetsuji
  • Kukishinden Ryū: Iwata Yoshio (confirmation pending)
  • Shinden Fudō Ryū: Nagato Toshirō
  • Takagi Yōshin Ryū: Sakasai Norio
  • Gikan Ryu: Sakasai Norio

distribution

The first non-Japanese to start Bujinkan Budo Taijutsu in Japan in 1969 was Doron Navon from Israel . In 1974 he brought Bujinkan Ninpo Taijutsu (武神 館 忍 法 体 術), as it was called back then, to Israel. Another student famous by name is the American Stephen K. Hayes , who founded his own combat schools after his return to the USA and was largely responsible for spreading knowledge about ninjutsu in the western world.

The Bujinkan Ninpo Taijutsu began in Europe in 1975 with Bo F. Munthe, in Sweden and in Germany in 1983 with Wolfgang Ettig.

Combat system

In Bujinkan Budō Taijutsu there are no competitions, as the fighting systems were designed for survival. However, for advanced students, randori take place to test the skills. These randori are carried out with extreme caution.

The combat system in the Bujinkan consists of the following 3 aspects:

Ukemi / Kaiten / Nagare / Nagashi

Nagashi means "to take up the attack".

When looking at striking techniques, it is mostly about blocks and evasive movements.

When looking at throws, there are various forms of rolling techniques ( Nagare or Kaiten ), falling techniques ( Ukemi ) as well as jumps ( Tobi ) and regaining balance. The pupil learns to catch falls as gently as possible with the help of roll and fall techniques. It is important to be able to do this as silently as possible and also on hard ground (e.g. asphalt).

Ukemi also includes climbing, overcoming rough terrain and techniques such as somersaults, wheel strokes and handstands.

Unarmed fight

Katas , fighting stances and movements are learned during training . These katas include a. Punches, kicks, throws and levers . They are usually carried out with a partner, but can also be carried out without a partner.

By training in these katas the student learns tactical behavior and a sense of distance, while at the same time practicing to always protect himself.

Armed fight

After the student has developed a sense of distance and has achieved a certain graduation (different from Dōjō to Dōjō), he learns to use different weapons. The procedure is the same as in unarmed combat.

The student gets a feeling of how to use certain weapons. He usually trains with partners. Practice weapons are usually used. The training weapons are mostly made of hardwood. Heavily padded weapons are also used to protect against injuries.

weapons

A wide range of weapons is taught at Bujinkan Budo. By learning the many different weapons, the student improves his taijutsu and his sense of distance. The weapons used to train are a paradigm of the type of weapon. For example, a student learns to use a stick and could use a baseball bat as a weapon using the same system.

The weapons are divided into four classes:

  • Sticks
  • Sound
  • Flexible weapons
  • Bullets

The following weapons are traditionally taught:

Most modern weapons are very similar to traditional weapons. Modern weapons, such as For example, firearms ( pistol and rifle ), which were introduced a good 400 years ago , belong to the basic weapon types according to Hatsumi and are taught in some dojo.

graduation

In contrast to many other Budo arts, the graduation levels are not identified by individual belt colors, but only white, green or red and black. There are 10 student degrees ( Kyū ) and 15 master degrees ( Dan ). It is often said that the real learning time only starts from the 15th Dan.

You start with the white belt and after the first test you wear a red belt as a woman and a green belt as a man. If you have passed the first dan exam, you wear a black belt. The graduation is indicated by the color of the badge (Bujin patch on the left breast side of the jacket) and a number of silver or gold stars. However, there is no obligation to wear these labels. In some dōjō you can also see yellow and orange belts, which are mostly used as preliminary stages for children's groups.

In addition to graduation, the following two titles exist, which are awarded by certificate, lead to membership in the Shidoshikai and allow the use of one's own dōjō:

  • shidōshi hō (in addition to 1st to 4th Dan)
  • shidōshi (from 5th Dan)

Occasionally, Hatsumi Sensei also grants a so-called “higher teaching license” for special areas, such as weapon types or ryuha :

  • menkyo kaiden (from 15th Dan)

In addition to titles awarded, there are the following two titles that are used by students as a tribute and out of courtesy:

  • Sensei (meaning "teacher")
  • Shihan (analogously "model teacher", in Bujinkan usually from 10th Dan)
  • Yūshū Shihan (meaning "excellent senior teacher", from 15th Dan)
  • Dai Shihan (meaning "Senior Teacher, from 15th Dan - currently the highest award given)

The following table shows the graduations with the belt colors and embroideries:

Degree Japanese name Belt color Characters edge background Stars
10 mukyū White White White red no
9 kyūkyū Red Green White White red no
8th hachikyū Red Green White White red a silver star
7th nanakyū Red Green White White red two silver stars
6th rokukyū Red Green White White red three silver stars
5 gokyu Red Green White White red four silver stars
4th yonkyū Red Green White White red a gold star
3 sankyū Red Green White White red two gold stars
2 nikyu Red Green White White red three gold stars
1 ichikyu Red Green White White red four gold stars
1 shodan black black black red no
2 nidan black black black red a silver star
3 sandan black black black red two silver stars
4th yondan black black black red three silver stars
5 godan black black writing, embroidered in silver silver red no
6th rokudan black black writing, embroidered in silver silver red a gold star
7th nanadan black black writing, embroidered in silver silver red two gold stars
8th hachidan black black writing, embroidered in silver silver red three gold stars
9 kyūdan black black writing, embroidered in silver silver red four gold stars
10 jūdan black green writing, embroidered in light blue Light Blue orange no
11 chigyo black green writing, embroidered in light blue Light Blue orange a gold star
12 suigyo black green writing, embroidered in light blue Light Blue orange two gold stars
13 kagyo black green writing, embroidered in light blue Light Blue orange three gold stars
14th fugyo black green writing, embroidered in light blue Light Blue orange four gold stars
15th kugyo black green writing, embroidered in light blue Light Blue orange five gold stars

The individual Dan grades are divided into three groups:

  • 1-5 Dan Ten (heaven)
  • 6-10 Dan Chi (earth)
  • 11-15 Dan Jin (human)

Tracksuit

In the dōjō a black tracksuit (Japanese dogi ) and possibly with special socks (Japanese tabi ) and a black shirt is worn under the jacket. In addition, the Bujin symbol is worn in the same color as the graduation on the left above the heart on the jacket. The stars can be sewn on above the badge depending on the graduation. The belt (Japanese obi ) is worn in white, green / red or black, depending on the respective graduation. In some dōjō outside of Japan, the respective dojo badge is worn on the left upper arm of the jacket.

The jacket is usually not worn when it is warm.

literature

Primary sources in German

Primary sources in English

  • Masaaki Hatsumi: Stick Fighting: Techniques of Self-Defense, Kodansha International Ltd., 1971, ISBN 978-0-870111-58-7 .
  • Masaaki Hatsumi: Ninjutsu: History and Tradition, 1981, Action Pursuit Group, ISBN 978-0-865680-27-2 .
  • Masaaki Hatsumi: The Grandmaster's Book of Ninja Training, McGraw-Hill Education Ltd, 1988, ISBN 978-0-809246-29-8 .
  • Masaaki Hatsumi: Essence of Ninjutsu: The Nine Traditions, McGraw-Hill Education Ltd, 1988, ISBN 978-0-809247-24-0 .
  • Masaaki Hatsumi and Stephen Hayes: Secrets from the Ninja Grandmaster: Revised and Updated Edition, Paladin Press, 2003, ISBN 978-1-581603-75-0 .
  • Masaaki Hatsumi: The Way of the Ninja: Secret Techniques, Kodansha USA, 2004, ISBN 978-4-770028-05-1 .
  • Masaaki Hatsumi: Advanced Stick Fighting, Kodansha USA, 2005, ISBN 978-4-770029-96-6 .
  • Masaaki Hatsumi: Japanese Sword Fighting: Secrets of the Samurai, Kodansha USA, 2006, ISBN 978-4-770021-98-4 .
  • Masaaki Hatsumi: Unarmed Fighting Techniques of the Samurai. Kodansha International, 2008, ISBN 978-5-683-65329-3 .
  • Masaaki Hatsumi: The Complete Ninja: The Secret World Revealed, Kodansha USA, 2014, ISBN 978-1-568365-47-3 .

. Secondary sources in German

Secondary sources in English

  • Peter King: Life Secrets of the Amatsu Tatara: The Documents of Takamatsu Toshitsugu, Interviews with Hatsumi Masaaki, Independently published, 2020, ISBN 978-1-678390-19-8 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Hatsumi Masaaki: Amatsu Tatara Hichibuku Goshin-jutsu. Amatsu Medicine, accessed March 28, 2020 .
  2. ↑ Stephen K. Hayes: Ninjutsu: The Art of the Invisible Warrior . Contemporary Books, Chicago 1984, ISBN 0-8092-5478-6 , pp. 19th ff . (English).
  3. ↑ Andrew Adams: Ninja . Falken-Verlag, Niedernhausen 1991, ISBN 3-8068-1161-X .
  4. ^ Bujinkan Budo Taijutsu: The Budo of Change. In: Bujinkan. Archived from the original on April 15, 2008 ; accessed on December 21, 2007 (English).
  5. ^ Bujinkan Hombu & Ayase Classes. Archived from the original on December 25, 2007 ; Retrieved December 21, 2007 (English, use of the term "Bujinkan Dōjō").
  6. ↑ Bujinkan-Deutschland.de. Retrieved March 24, 2020 .
  7. ↑ Bo F. Munthe: Ninjutsu . Ettig-Verlag, Bad Homburg vdH 1992, ISBN 3-924862-02-8 , p. 21 .
  8. ↑ Hombu Soke
  9. ↑ Bo F. Munthe: Ninjutsu . Ettig-Verlag, Bad Homburg vdH 1992, ISBN 3-924862-02-8 , p. 24 .
  10. ↑ Wolfgang Ettig: Takamatsu Toshitsugu . Ettig-Verlag, Schmitten / Ts. 2004, ISBN 3-924862-11-7 , pp. 209 .
  11. ↑ Bo F. Munthe: Ninjutsu . Ettig-Verlag, Bad Homburg vdH 1992, ISBN 3-924862-02-8 , p. 136 .
  12. ↑ Masaaki Hatsumi: Unarmed Fighting Techniques of the Samurai. Kodansha International, 2008, ISBN 978-4-7700-3059-7 , page 42.
  13. ↑ Masaaki Hatsumi: The Way Of The Ninja. Kodansha International, 2004, ISBN 4-7700-2805-9 , page 76ff.
  14. ↑ Yoshiaki Hatsumi: Knife and Pistol Fighting. Paladin Pr, 1987, ISBN 0-940005-03-4 .
  15. ↑ Masaaki Hatsumi: The Way Of The Ninja. Kodansha International, 2004, ISBN 4-7700-2805-9 , page 106.