Bunjewatzen

Bunjevac is a redirect to this article. For the Canadian-Yugoslav comic artist, see Nina Bunjevac .

The Bunjewatzen ( Croatian Bunjevci , Serbian - Cyrillic Буњевци , Hungarian bunyevácok ) are a South Slavic ethnic group of predominantly Roman Catholic denominations . They live mainly in the historical region of Batschka , which lies in today's Vojvodina in northern Serbia and part of Hungary (triangle Baja - Subotica - Sombor ), and speak the Bunjewak language , an ikavian- štokavian dialect. According to the 2002 referendum in Serbia, 20,012 Bunjewatzen live mostly in Vojvodina.

During the Habsburg Monarchy , the Batschka belonged to the Kingdom of Hungary . After the First World War , most of this area was annexed to Serbia in 1918 and, from 1974, part of the autonomous Serbian province of Vojvodina.

Bogoslav Kosović suspected that the name is from the Bunje derived in which a Kraggewölbebau the beginning of the transhumance living pastoral people used to stay.

Ethnic classification

Many scholars (see Matija Poljaković , Ante Sekulić , Lajčo Budanović , Ivan Evetović , Petar Pekić , Rudolf Horvat , Matija Evetović , Geza Kikić ) assume based on the language, religion, family names, cultural connections and other criteria that the bunjewatzen originally came from the Regions of Dalmatia ( Zadar , Ravni kotari , Cetinska krajina ), Podgorje ( primorski Bunjevci : Senj, Krivi Put , Jablanac , Krasno ), the Lika and Herzegovina (the area around the Buna , Čitluk , Međugorje ) originate and in the 18th Settled in southern Hungary in the 18th century .

In Hungary and Croatia the Bunjewatzen are summarized as Croats, unless they declare themselves as Croats or similar. However, especially in Serbia, tens of thousands want to be recognized as a separate ethnic group . Before and during the time of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia and in recent history, Serbian ethnologists tried to assign the Bunjewatzen to their own ethnic group and to designate them as "Catholic Serbs".

The cultural center of the Bunjewatzen from Batschka is the city of Subotica . The cultural center of the primorski Bunjevci is the city of Senj . Senj has a Bunjewatz Museum, Bunjevac football club and Bunjevačka ulica (Bunjewatz Street).

Croatization of the Bunjewatzen

The “Bunjewatzen” category does not appear in the current Croatian and Hungarian population statistics. In Hungary, the parliament refused in 2006 to recognize the Bunjewatzen as a separate nationality, so that they continue to be considered part of the Croatian minority.

If one follows the mentions of the Bunjewatzen in historical censuses of Austria-Hungary and later Yugoslavia, then these appear only marginally in individual notes and are grouped together with the Serbs as Illyrians, Dalmatians, Serbs and Serbo-Croatians from the beginning. The beginning of the Croatianization of Catholic razors , as they were also called because of their origin, was determined in various meetings of the Communist Party during the Second World War. In the coming censuses of the People's Republic of Yugoslavia from 1945 onwards, the Bunjewatzen were counted among the Croats with the Chocolate Cats due to the assumed non-existence of their own ethnicity ( narodnost ) . For this purpose, there were open letters containing clear instructions on how to “correct” the data collected from referendums. In a speech on May 8, 1945 , the later President Josip Broz Tito personally campaigned for the Croatization of the Bunjewatzen by blaming Serbian chauvinism in Vojvodina, "why the Croatian is not recognized as a Croat" and is called a bunjewatze. It was only in the 1991 referendum after Slobodan Milošević came to power that the Bunjewatzen are listed for the first time and only in Serbia as an independent ethnic group in the censuses. Her special career, which made her appear for the first time when the Serbs of Vojvodina were annexed to the Principality of Serbia and the second time after the fall of the Titoist legacy in 1989, as well as strong lobbying by Croatia, prevent the issue of standardization and recognition from being raised European level.

Personalities

Scientist :

• Josif Pančić (1814–1888), Serbian academic and botanist
• Gaja Alaga (1924–1988), Croatian physicist
• Mirko Vidaković (1924–2002), Croatian academic and botanist

Writer :

Ivan Antunović Aleksa Kokic Ante Evetović -Miroljub Matija Poljaković Ivan Kujundžić

Ivo Prćić junior Antun Gustav Matoš (1873-1914) Mijo Mandić (1857-1945) Josip Buljovčić Balint Vujkov

Petar Šarčević (1935-2001) Petko Vojnić Purčar Ante Sekulić (1920) Vojislav Sekelj (1946) Tomislav Žigmanov (1967)

Politician :

• Ivan Antunović
• Ambrozije Šarčević (1820–1899)
• Pajo Kujundžić (1859-1915)
• Ante Pavelić (1889-1959)
• Blaško Rajić (1878–1951)
• Josip Đido Vuković (1890–1950)

Web links

• Hrvatska riječ Kompatibilnost bunjevačkog s hrvatskim
• Bunjevački muzej u Senju
• Croatica Kht. Rólunk
• Deutsche Welle: Independent people or Croatians? ( Memento of October 27, 2004 in the Internet Archive )

Individual evidence

1. ^ Zbornik za narodni život i običaje južnih slavena, Jugoslavenska akademija znanosti i umjetnosti , 1986
2. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k l m} Radio-Subotica ( Memento of the original from March 7, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Donesen nastavni program “Bunjevački govor sa elementima nacionalne kulture”, July 23, 2007  
3. ↑ Matija Poljaković: Pregled povijesti Hrvata Bunjevaca
4. ↑ Petar Pekić: Povijest Hrvata u Vojvodini: od najstarijih vremena do 1929. godine, Matica hrvatska, Zagreb, 1930.
5. ^ Rudolf Horvat: Hrvati u Bačkoj, Bunjevci i Šokci, 1922.
6. ^ Matija Evetović: Kulturna povijest bunjevačkih i šokačkih Hrvata, 1941.
7. ↑ ^{a b c} Geza Kikić: Antologija poezije bunjevačkih Hrvata , Matica hrvatska , Zagreb, 1971.
8. ↑ ^{a b} Radio Subotica ( Memento of the original from May 22, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Bunjevci posjetili svoju pradomovinu, September 24, 2008  
9. ↑ Hrvatska riječ Bezuspješno su nam pokušavali "otvoriti oči", November 26, 2004
10. ↑ Vjesnik  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Novo zastrašivanje vojvođanskih Hrvata, 23.-24. July 2005  
11. ↑ Republika Hrvatska - Državni zavod za statistiku Population by ethnicity, by towns / municipalities, census 2001
12. ↑ Republika Hrvatska - Državni zavod za statistiku Population by ethnicity, detailed classification, by towns / municipalities, census 2001
13. ↑ Népszámlálás 2001 - Központi Statisztikai Hivatal Population by national / ethnic groups 2001
14. ^ Archives Novi Sad
15. ↑ Decree on the Croatization of the Bunjewatzen ( Memento of the original from May 8, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
16. ↑ Catholic Encyclopedia; Bunjewatzen as Catholic Serbs
17. ↑ Reliquiae Pancicianae
18. ↑ ^{a b} Povijest hrvatskog plemstva u Bačkoj ( Memento of the original from March 3, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (the source was Miroljub or Hrvatska riječ magazine )  
19. ↑ Bunjevci Croats in Bačka
20. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g} Geza Kikić: Antologija proze bunjevačkih Hrvata, Matica Hrvatska, Zagreb, 1971.
21. ↑ Društvo Antuna Gustava Matoša Tovarnik ( Memento of the original from June 11, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Biography  
22. ↑ Globus No. 818/2006 ( Memento of the original from September 28, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Bunjevci su Hrvati kao i Ličani, Dalmatinci, Slavonci ... 
23. ↑ Zvonik br. 137 Kojim Bunjevcima je stalo da budu Hrvati, a kojima nije ?, March 2006.
24. ↑ Matija Poljaković: Pregled povijesti Hrvata Bunjevaca, Suboticka Danica., 1971
25. ↑ Ante Pavelić: Putem hrvatskog državnog prava: poglavnikovi govori, izjave i članci prije odlaska u tuđinu . Zagreb 1942 (2nd edition, Putem hrvatskog državnog prava (članci - govori - izjave 1918. - 1929.) , Buenos Aires-Madrid, 1977, p. 537).
26. ↑ Zvonik ( Memento from September 27, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Kojim je jezikom govorio Blaško Rajić

• Proslava 250. obljetnice doseljavanja veće skupine Bunjevaca (1686–1936.)
• International Symposium Southeast Europe 1918–1995
• Glass ravnice Značenje izraza Bunjevci