Draheim Castle
| Draheim Castle | ||
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 Draheim castle ruins |
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| Alternative name (s): | Zamek Drahim | |
| Creation time : | 1360-1366 | |
| Castle type : | Location | |
| Conservation status: | ruin | |
| Standing position : | Ordensburg | |
| Place: | Stare Drawsko | |
| Geographical location | 53 ° 36 '3.3 " N , 16 ° 11' 45.7" E | |
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The castle Draheim / Polish Zamek Drahim (Castle Draheim) is the remains of a fortified complex of the Order of St. John , built in the years 1360-1366. It gave its name to the surrounding community of Stare Drawsko (German Alt-Draheim) in West Pomerania of Poland .
The ruin of the castle was entered in the monument register in 1959 and is now managed by the private motor and technology museum in Otrębusy as a showpiece of medieval architecture (Drahim.pl). It is located on an isthmus between the Dratzigsee in the west and the Sarebensee in the east (in Polish Jezioro Drawsko and Jezioro Srebrne).
history
In 1286 the Polish Duke Przemislaw II donated the land around the Dratzigsee to the Knights Templar . He built a weir system on the south bank of the lake, which was later mentioned under the name "Tempelborch". After the Knights Templar was dissolved in 1312, Tempelburg became the property of the Order of St. John .
In 1350 they began building a castle just north of their administrative seat. The location is not only strategically but also economically determined, as a salt route led north from the southern European countries. The original wooden structure was built on the foundations of a Slavic defense system of the Drawian tribe, who ruled the area since the seventh century. When the Christian Duke Bolesław III. Wrymouth conquered the pagan-Slavic Pomerania in the middle of the 12th century, this old castle was destroyed.
The new castle was gradually fortified by the Johannites. A stone castle in the Gothic style of that time was built between 1360 and 1366 . In 1366 the castle became the seat of Komtur Draheim in the course of the reorganization of the Pomeranian Neumark by Otto the Lazy , who in 1365 acquired the Electorate of Brandenburg. During this time there was a conflict between the knights, who were vassals of the Polish king through the donation, and the monks, who felt they belonged to the German Brandenburgers. Shortly after the death of the Polish king Casimir the Great in 1370, Swantibor I began campaigns in Neumark against the Brandenburgers and Danes in 1372 , as a result of which the Tempelburg and Draheim Castle were taken (other sources say that this was only reached by Wartislaw VII ).
In the course of the Polish-Lithuanian Union under Władysław II. Jagiełło (from around 1386) rivalries again arose with the local knights who joined the state of the Teutonic Order . However, the Teutonic Order lost the decisive battle at Tannenberg in 1410 , and from 1422 Draheim Castle came under the administration of Starost Jan Wedel under King Władysław III. from Poland and Hungary . The Thirteen Years War finally ended in the Second Peace of Thorn in 1466, as a result of which the castle lost its military importance. In the 16th century, the rural settlement of the Starostei Draheim was expanded, as can be proven by income registers.
After more than 200 years as the administrative seat, the castle was only used temporarily by the Swedes again during the Swedish Flood (1655–1660). During this Polish-Swedish war , Johann II Casimir pledged the castle to the Elector of Brandenburg in the Treaty of Bromberg in 1657 in return for the provision of soldiers. The Polish military leader Stanisław Potocki later refused to surrender the castle, which was in his Starostei . Only after his death did the Brandenburgers attempt a violent takeover in 1668 and were able to hold onto it until the first partition of Poland in 1772 .
The fire in the building in 1758, caused by Colonel Cosel's defense against General Denikoff's Cossack attack during the Seven Years' War , brought about the rapid fall of the former monastery residence. At the end of the 18th century the offices of the Prussian tax office were located in the castle. In 1784, some parts of the destroyed walls that were intended for the building materials of the nearby church were demolished. In 1818 the Kingdom of Prussia sold the castle grounds together with the adjacent farm to a squire. Until the 20th century, only minor renovation work was carried out on the walls.
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With the ordinance No. 190 of April 29, 1959, the castle ruins were added to the Polish list of monuments. In the course of archaeological efforts, the site was permanently secured from 1963 to 1968. However, no further administration took place. It was not until the 1990s that a private entrepreneur acquired the site, who aimed at a complete renovation of the building with a series of investments. Despite the extensions, the original architectural concept was retained and can now be viewed by tourists as a monument to the buildings of the late Middle Ages .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Drahim.pl - Zamek Templariuszy w Starym Drawsku ( Polish ) Muzeum Motoryzacji i Techniki w Otrębusach. Retrieved July 12, 2019.
- ^ Georg Wilhelm von Raumer : The Neumark Brandenburg in the year 1337 or Margrave Ludwig's the elder Neumärkisches Landbuch from this time . Berlin 1837, p. 45 .