Starostei Draheim

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The Starostei Draheim was a Polish Starostei , from 1668 in pledge possession of Brandenburg-Prussia . With the first partition of Poland in 1772 it became Prussian territory.

prehistory

The area of ​​the later Starostei Draheim had been a disputed border area between Pomerania , Poland and Brandenburg since the Middle Ages . Around 1290, the Polish Duke Premislaus II gave the land described as abandoned ("desertum") to the Knights Templar , who built the castle here and probably also the city of Tempelburg . After the Templar Order was banned in 1312, the area became the Coming Temple Castle of the Order of St. John , although the order was only able to maintain its possession temporarily. Around 1355, the Order of St. John built Draheim Castle north of Tempelburg . In 1407, however, German and Polish nobles conquered Draheim Castle and used it as a base for raids until the citizens of Dramburg put an end to it in 1422 . In 1438 the Teutonic Order finally ensured that the area came to Poland.

Polish Starostei

In Poland the area formed the Starostei Draheim . It was administered from Draheim Castle ; the most important place, however, was the city of Tempelburg . At first only the villages Heinrichsdorf and Neu Wuhrow existed .

In the 16th century the rural settlement of the Starostei was expanded, as can be seen from the income registers ("lustration") from the years 1565 and 1628/1632. In the decades before 1565, the settlements of Flacksee , Klaushagen , Lubow , Rackow , Schwarzsee (later a distinction was made between Groß Schwarzsee and Klein Schwarzsee ), Hammer and Schneidemühle were founded. In 1565, around 1000 people lived in around 200 households in Starostei, including the city of Tempelburg. From 1565 to 1628/1632 a further twelve or thirteen villages and three outworks were added; the number of households increased to around 470.

The Starost Johann Czarnkowski , who was deployed in 1616, tried to expand the territory of the Starostei by force. His acquisitions only survived in part.

In the 16th century the residents of Starostei professed their Protestant faith. But the subsequent Counter-Reformation did not spare the Starostei Draheim either. The vast majority of the residents remained firmly in the Protestant faith. But the Starost Johann Czarnkowski converted to Catholicism, expelled the Protestant preachers in 1625 and handed over the church buildings to the Catholic Church.

Lien in Brandenburg-Prussia

In the 1657 Treaty of Bromberg , Poland pledged the Starostei Draheim to Brandenburg-Prussia under Elector Friedrich Wilhelm . In the Treaty of Oliva (1660) this was confirmed. However, ownership was only taken over in 1668, when, after lengthy, unsuccessful negotiations, the elector sent his chamber councilor Hasso von Wedel with a regiment of dragoons to the Starostei.

The Starostei Draheim was then managed as a pledge directly from Berlin. The Starostei was initially a so-called box office , i.e. the sovereign's own property, which was administered by a bailiff. The seat of the bailiff was Draheim Castle until 1730. Later the Starostei was leased to domain tenants.

Since the Starostei Draheim was pledged, there was a possibility that the Polish king would redeem it one day. With this in mind, a distinction was made in the administration of the Staroste between the Staroste villages, which formed the actual Starostei, and Pomeranian and Neumark villages, which were administered by the Staroste, but which were considered part of Western Pomerania or Neumark .

In the Treaty of Bromberg, Brandenburg had undertaken not to affect the position of the Catholic Church. The predominantly Protestant population was forced to finance the Catholic clergy employed in Tempelburg. Only King Friedrich Wilhelm I of Prussia allowed the construction of a Protestant church in Tempelburg.

Integration in Prussia

With the first partition of Poland in 1772, the special role of Starostei Draheim ended. It became Prussian state territory, which was enshrined in the Warsaw Treaty in 1773 . The area of ​​the previous Starostei became the Draheim office . When the Draheim office was reorganized in 1781, the distinction between the previous Staroste villages and the Pomeranian and Neumark villages no longer existed. Finally the territory of the former Starostei went but it was only in 1817 in the new administrative structure to, henceforth, it formed part of the circle Neustettin in Administrative district Köslin of the Prussian province of Pomerania .

literature

  • Ernst Bahr: The Starostei Draheim between 1565 and 1632. In: Baltic studies . Volume 57 NF, 1971, ISSN  0067-3099 , pp. 27-42.
  • Christoph Motsch: Frontier Society and Early Modern State. The Starostei Draheim between Western Pomerania, the Neumark and Greater Poland (1575–1805) . Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2001, ISBN 3-525-35634-X .
  • Haik Thomas Porada , Michael Lissok: The former Starostei Draheim and the city of Tempelburg. In: Pomerania. Journal of Culture and History. Issue 2/2002, ISSN  0032-4167 , pp. 2-9.

Footnotes

  1. ↑ Martin Wehrmann : History of Pomerania . Volume 2. 2nd edition. Friedrich Andreas Perthes, Gotha 1921, p. 179. Reprint: Weltbild Verlag, Augsburg 1992, ISBN 3-89350-112-6 .
  2. ^ A b Ludwig Wilhelm Brüggemann : Detailed description of the current state of the Königl. Prussian Duchy of Vor and Hinter Pomerania. Part 2, Volume 2 Description of the to the judicial district of the Royal. State colleges in Cößlin belonging to the Eastern Pomeranian districts. HG Effenbart, Stettin 1784, pp. 729-737 ( online at Google Books ).
  3. ↑ Martin Wehrmann : History of Pomerania . Volume 2. 2nd edition. Friedrich Andreas Perthes, Gotha 1921, p. 227. Reprint: Weltbild Verlag, Augsburg 1992, ISBN 3-89350-112-6 .