Weißandt-Gölzau Castle

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Weißandt-Gölzau Castle
Ruin of the castle

Ruin of the castle

Alternative name (s): Castle / Schloss Gölzau
Creation time : around 1259
Castle type : Niederungsburg, moth
Conservation status: Manor house, stair tower
Standing position : Nobles
Place: Weißandt-Gölzau
Geographical location 51 ° 40 '8 "  N , 12 ° 4' 9.9"  E Coordinates: 51 ° 40 '8 "  N , 12 ° 4' 9.9"  E
Weißandt-Gölzau Castle (Saxony-Anhalt)
Weißandt-Gölzau Castle

The castle Weißandt-Gölzau , falsely also castle Gölzau or Castle Gölzau called, is the ruins of a motte (moth) on an artificial hill in the town of Southern Anhalt in Anhalt-Bitterfeld in Saxony-Anhalt . It is under monument protection and is entered in the monument register with registration number 094 70839 as a monument .

location

The castle is located southeast of Groß-Weißandt, one of the districts of Weißandt-Gölzau , and its church St. Germanus in the Fuhneniederung . It is separated from Groß- and Klein-Gölzau by the Landgraben, whose Nesselbach also fed the castle moat.

History and shape

The original castle complex was probably built in the middle of the 13th century and does not show any above-ground remains today. A Burchardus de Wizzand is mentioned for the first time in 1259 . The castle complex, which presumably consisted of wooden structures, was secured by a moat with wooden palisades in front and accessible via a wooden bridge. There were also walls to protect the facility. Furthermore, the system had an outer bailey that contained the economic area, such as stables and storage.

The round castle had a diameter of 62 meters and was probably originally a Slavic guardian castle for the nearby Cösitz . The outer bailey was located between the village and the castle, which was later transformed into a spacious farm yard with more than 10 buildings. In the middle of the 18th century the simple, two-storey castle was built on the hill on Gothic foundations and cellars. It was crowned by a high mansard roof. During this time, the Baron von Plotho sold the system for 130,000 thalers to Count August von Veltheim- Harbke.

The von Plotho were resident here since July 15, 1579, were on September 13, 1643 by Emperor Ferdinand III. raised to the imperial baron status and from then on bore the title of baron von Engelmünster on Parey and Wilzensandt , whereby Wilzensandt meant Weißandt. The von Veltheim owners of the area remained until 1945. Next to the castle was an octagonal stair tower from 1680, which was not connected to the new building. It was decorated with a typical Welsche bonnet for the time . In the outer bailey, a new classical mansion was built in 1827 and 1828 based on designs by Gottfried Bandhauer . Heinrich Lindner (1833) already spoke of a handsome but dilapidated castle . He mentions a large garden, fruit tree plantations, an important sheep farm, a brewery , a distillery and a horse mill , which also explains the numerous buildings.

Haetge / Harksen reported in 1943 that Hans-Hasso von Veltheim- Ostrau leased the facility to the von Glauzig sugar factory as a distillery. At that time a three-arched stone bridge led to the castle hill. They assume that the eastern part of the building is older and dates from the 17th century, whereas the western part, together with the mansard roof, was built in the 18th century. After decades of neglect and decay, during which the complex was still used for apartments and the day nursery, most of the manor's buildings were demolished; the only intact building that remained here was the manor house, which today serves as a retirement home . From the buildings on the tower hill, the former stair tower and remains of the walls are still preserved. The roof had already been removed in 1956 in order to use the wood to create a new roof for a pigsty in Priesdorf.

The archaeological investigation of the area in 2004, 2005 and 2013 showed, among other things, further wall remains and ceramic finds from the first half of the 13th century but also from the Iron Age. In addition, remnants of leaf tiles with lily decorations from the 16th century were found.

literature

  • Georg Dehio : Handbook of the German art monuments. Saxony Anhalt II. The Halle district. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich / Berlin 1976, ISBN 3-422-03017-4 .
  • Georg Dehio: Handbook of the German art monuments. Saxony Anhalt II. Administrative districts Dessau and Halle. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich / Berlin 1999, ISBN 3-422-03065-4 .
  • Ernst Haetge / Marie-Luise Harksen: Dessau-Köthen district. First part: The city of Köthen and the district except Wörlitz (= The art monuments of the State of Anhalt ; 2.1), August Hopfer Verlag, Burg 1943.
  • Heinrich Lindner: History and description of the state of Anhalt. Dessau 1833 (Reprint: Flugkopf Verlag, Halle 1991).
  • Bruno J. Sobotka (Ed.): Castles, palaces, manor houses in Saxony-Anhalt. Theiss, Stuttgart 1994, ISBN 3-8062-1101-9 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ List of monuments of the state of Saxony-Anhalt (pdf, 9.9 MB) - answer of the state government to a small question for written answer (the delegates Olaf Meister and Prof. Dr. Claudia Dalbert; Bündnis 90 / Die Grünen) - printed matter 6/3905 from March 19, 2015 (KA 6/8670)
  2. ^ Wolfgang Braun: Burg Weißandt-Gölzau. Reconstruction drawings of German castles, January 27, 2016, accessed on November 19, 2019 . On the side an attempt at a reconstruction drawing.
  3. ↑ a b Haetge / Harksen, p. 63.
  4. ↑ Weißandt-Gölzau. City of Southern Anhalt, accessed on November 19, 2019 .
  5. ↑ a b Bernd Westphal: Excursion to Gnetsch - with guided tours in Prosigk, Gnetsch and Weißandt-Gölzau. January 27, 2016, accessed August 22, 2009 . With photos of the facility before the demolition.
  6. ↑ Dehio, 1976, p. 475; Dehio 1999, p. 847.
  7. ↑ Lindner, Vol. IV, p. 584.
  8. ↑ Haetge / Harksen, pp. 63-64.
  9. ↑ Stefanie Greiner: At home for seniors. Doctor makes old mansion fit again. Mitteldeutsche Zeitung, October 28, 2016, accessed on November 19, 2019 .
  10. ↑ Regina Michel: Stories about time and people. Life in the region between Köthen and Bitterfeld. 1945 to 2000, Köthen 2008, pp. 134–135.
  11. ↑ Archaeological research excavation in Weißandt-Gölzau. Anhalt Association for Natural History and History e. V., accessed on November 19, 2019 . With a survey plan and photos of the excavations.
  12. ^ Heidi Jürgens: Gölzau castle complex. Joy on three sides. Mitteldeutsche Zeitung , January 26, 2004, accessed on November 19, 2019 .