Toszek Castle
| Toszek Castle | ||
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 Reconstructed part of the castle |
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| Alternative name (s): | Tost Castle (German) | |
| Creation time : | around 1200 | |
| Castle type : | Hilltop castle | |
| Conservation status: | Ruin. partially reconstructed | |
| Standing position : | ducal residence | |
| Place: | Toszek | |
| Geographical location | 50 ° 27 '23 " N , 18 ° 30' 54" E | |
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The ruins of Castle Toszek (German: Burg Tost ) are located above the town of Toszek on a mountain of the Upper Silesian Muschelkalk ridge that slopes down on three sides. There was a Slavic castle settlement next to the castle. Below the castle, the Hohe Strasse ran from Breslau via Opole to Krakow . The castle temporarily served as the residence of the Dukes of Tost. Today the seat of the cultural center of Toszek is located in the castle.
history
Tost Castle was probably founded by Duke Boleslaus I , who came from the Silesian Piast branch . It was the seat of a castellany , which is first recorded for the year 1245, while a castellan was mentioned as early as 1222. In 1202 the castle and settlement came to the Opole region , which was then ruled by Duke Mieszko of Ratibor . His son Mieszko II , who died in 1246, designated Toster Castle as the Wittum of his wife Judith / Jutta. 1304 or earlier, the Duchy of Tost was detached from the Duchy of Beuthen , the first of which was Boleslaus von Tost , who resided in the castle.
In 1430 and 1433 the castle was probably completely destroyed by the Hussites and probably under Duke Przemislaw III. von Teschen-Auschwitz († 1484), who resided in Tost, rebuilt. In 1570 the castle was severely damaged by fire and after 1592 it was rebuilt in the Renaissance style by the Barons von Redern . After the Thirty Years' War it was replaced by a palace complex under Count Caspar Colonna, presumably under the direction or with the assistance of the Milanese plasterer Giovanni / Johann Seregni. From 1791 to 1797 the castle and lordship of Tost were owned by Joseph von Eichendorff's father Adolph von Eichendorff, who was followed by the imperial counts of Gashin . In 1811 the facility burned down and then fell into disrepair. In 1840 Abraham Guradze bought the castle ruins, with his descendants they remained until 1945.
A block of flats and the Zwingmauer from the late Middle Ages as well as a square tower in the northwest are preserved as ruins. From the 17th century are u. a. the southern and western outer walls as well as the gatehouse and the portal openings in the front wall have been preserved.
Between 1957 and 1963 the castle was partially reconstructed. For a few years the castle was a branch of the museum in Gliwice .
architecture
The masonry of the castle consists of limestone from the area, granite boulders, greywacke and bricks, which were mostly used to border the corners. On the walls you can still see the Gothic origin of some parts of the building, which can be read from the outlines of Gothic pointed arches.
The northern keep and the northern outbuildings as well as two towers were completely preserved from the original castle. The main building at the entrance was preserved as a ruin and was reconstructed in the 20th century. In the upper part of the ornately designed semicircular castle portal on the outside is the inscription "CASPAR COMES COLONNA" , underneath the year 1666 and above the portal an image of the coat of arms of the Colonna family, which shows a column with a crown. In contrast to the rest of the castle, the portal is made of sandstone. The gate portal on the inner courtyard side has a pointed arch shape and was only preserved as a ruin after the fire.
The main building is flanked on the sides by two smaller octagonal towers. Inside, a fireplace with an ornate frame made of marble from around 1700 has been preserved on the first floor.
The large keep is rectangular in its basic shape and on the lower floors, the top floor is octagonal.
literature
- Hugo Weczerka (Hrsg.): Handbook of the historical places . Volume: Silesia (= Kröner's pocket edition . Volume 316). Kröner, Stuttgart 1977, ISBN 3-520-31601-3 , pp. 538-541.
- Dehio Handbook of Art Monuments in Poland Silesia. Munich, Berlin 2005, ISBN 3-422-03109-X , pp. 954-956.
- Tomasz Jurasz: Zamki i ich tajemnice. Wydawnictwo Iskry, Warsaw 1972.
- The art monuments of the administrative district Opole, Volume 4 ; Hans Lutsch, Breslau 1894
Web links
- Castle website (German)