Burgstall (castle complex)

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Burgstall is the name for a small castle or a lesser aristocratic seat that was in use until the first years of the 20th century.

To the subject

The word, zu Stelle , 'place where a castle stands' was widespread in southern Germany and can be found as early as the High Middle Ages: “ between the Elbe and the mer stênt niender beʒʒer burcstal ”. Originally synonymous with castle or 'seat of a nobleman / a jurisdiction' (" vil guot was der burcstal, sô what he zwelf huoben wît. "), It should soon have specifically designated a hilltop castle (hence the meaning 'castle hill'), and then primarily smaller and more remote mansions, fortified courtyards ( manors ), defense towers - while the larger castles were called Veste and later castle - or the defensive core - the latter ( core castle ; " the castle with its burgstal, dig, wigern, arable, ... ").

Up until the 16th century, the meaning of the castle stalls changed to 'lost castle, overgrown remnants' , a technical term that is still valid today in castle history. The reason may be that many fortifications were abandoned as early as the late Middle Ages because they lost their function or the resident knight dynasty went out, and after the end of the knightly era only those castles held that were the settlement core of a locality, more important court seats or ancestral and residential castles of Were old nobility. In the meantime, the “castle stables” were only used as outposts, for example for route monitoring and customs collection, or as a refuge castle (retreat castle) and subsequently abandoned to decay.

The original meaning has now disappeared. As early as the later 18th century, an author felt compelled to discuss the question in more detail: “Finally, the castles were also called castle stables, and not the castles that were closed, but the castles that were still standing. I must now confirm this truth and therefore bring new evidence. I find this all the more necessary because even a more recent scribe has the erroneous opinion that this word only means a ruined or closed lock and not a still standing lock. "

Place naming

The Pasterze with the rock islands ( Nunataks ) Burgstalle , around 1850

Burgstall, Burgstahl is also burestal in the Middle High German form . Burstel, Buschel, Borstel, Bostel are also dialectically verbal horns, the word is rich in Upper German naming. The Austrian list of names, Geonam, names around 110 toponymics on Burgstall , in all countries except Vorarlberg, including some higher mountain peaks, on which there were certainly never castles, for purely comparative purposes. Examples are numerous places called Burgstall , as well as Burstelberg (desert near Aichtal -Neuenhaus) or the ruins Burschel (Greding, Bavaria), Burstel (Stockach, Baden-Württemberg), Buschel (Treuchtlingen, Bavaria, on the Burgstallberg ) or Buschl (Meinheim, Bavaria).

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Piper: Burgenkunde, p. 667.
  2. ↑ bit. 13330, after Grimm.
  3. ↑ See city ​​name - STAT ( Memento of the original from September 24, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.historisches-franken.de archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , historisches-franken.de
  4. ↑ He. 7833 13330, after Grimm.
  5. ↑ a b compare, for example, the three castle stalls at Großglockner, rock formations protruding from the Pasterzen glacier, and other mountains of the name.
  6. ↑ Geszler reth. 39 a , according to Grimm.
  7. ↑ Piper: Castle Studies. P. 19.
  8. ↑ Samuel Wilhelm Oetter: Confirmed truth that the castle stables were real and not closed forts or castles and of the same nature as these…. In: Johann Mader (Ed.): Imperial Knighthood Magazine. Volume 12, self-published, Frankfurt / Leipzig 1789, III, pp. 232–260, here p. 239 ( digitized in the Google book search).
  9. ↑ Otto Michael Schinko: From Achner to Zugal: mountain, water, house, reed and settlement names in the upper Murtal. disserta Verlag, 2015, entry Burgstall names. P. 19 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
  10. ^ Fr. von Leber: Ritterburgen . Vienna 1844, p. 199. Information in Grimm.
  11. ↑ Burstelberg Wüstung , leo-bw.de