CHAdeMO
CHAdeMO is the trade name of a cross-brand electrical interface for a battery management system for electric cars . With this interface based on direct voltage , developed in Japan, the accumulator of an electric vehicle or plug-in hybrid vehicle can be charged directly with high electrical power . CHAdeMO charging stations with a charging power of up to 50 kW have the typical expansion stage of the charging stations and thus the greatest spread. CHAdeMO's main competitor is the CCS charging system favored by European, Korean and US manufacturers .
Origin of name
CHAdeMO can be derived as a backronym from CHA rge de MO ve. More plausible is the derivation from the Japanese sentence Ocha demo ikaga desuka - which roughly means “How about a cup of tea?” . The name is intended to indicate that an empty electric car can be charged to 80% of the battery capacity within 15 to 30 minutes - so you can continue your journey after a cup of tea.
consortium
Members of the CHAdeMO industry consortium that created the standard and introduced it on March 15, 2010 are Tepco , Nissan , Mitsubishi and Fuji Heavy Industries (the manufacturer of the Subaru brand ). Hitachi, Honda Motor, Panasonic and Toyota later joined as senior members. In addition, there are more than 300 other members of different membership classes who, as manufacturers of vehicles or charging infrastructure or as charging infrastructure operators, can access the CHAdeMO protocol or would like to support the spread of the charging standard.
functionality
With the CHAdeMO protocol , the car's battery management system (BMS) connects to the computer in the fast charging station to form a master-slave system . The car's BMS (master) reports to the charging station (slave)
- the current charge status of the drive battery;
- the DC voltage and maximum current that can be charged; (With this method, the voltage is in the range of 300 to 500 volts and the current strength is currently up to 350 amps , in the future up to 1 kV and 400 A.)
- Voltage, temperature and other parameters of the battery.
The charging station then adjusts the charging parameters (voltage, current) to the battery parameters communicated by the car's BMS. In this way, the charging process is controlled from the car, which should lead to the fastest possible and at the same time gentle charging of the battery.
Typical charging capacities of CHAdeMO charging stations:
- up to 20 kW - up to 500 V DC charging voltage, up to 50 A charging current (for locations where a 50 kW connection to the supply network is not economically available)
- up to 50 kW - up to 500 V DC charging voltage, up to 125 A charging current (typical CHAdeMO charging station, most widespread)
- up to 100 kW - up to 500 V DC charging voltage, up to 200/250 A charging current (August 2017: still less common)
- up to 150 kW - up to 500 V DC charging voltage, up to 350 A charging current (August 2017: few columns in Europe)
- up to 400 kW - up to 1000 V DC charging voltage, up to 400 A charging current, new CHAdeMO 2.0 charging standard (planned for 2020).
- up to 500kW - up to 1500 V DC charging voltage, up to 600 A charging current, new charging standard CHAdeMO 3.0 (published on April 24, 2020) with a new connector system (working title "ChaoJi")
The actually used charging power is formed as a minimum of the specifications of the column (voltage, amperage) and the BMS in the car (voltage, amperage). The charging power varies over the time of charging.
Although CHAdeMO does not intend to offer charging stations with a maximum output of up to 400 kW (1000 V, 400 A) until 2020, Chargepoint already presented 400 kW dual standard chargers with CCS and CHAdeMO in 2017.
CHAdeMO plug (Tepco)
The CHAdeMO connector system from the manufacturer Tepco is offered in different versions. With older implementations, the entire connector housing is made of die-cast metal, with newer versions the actual connector part is made of plastic. Due to the number of contacts and the contact area of the DC pins, the plug-in force is so high that Tepco also offers versions with a lever, which are used to support plugging in. The locking of the connector system is implemented in the cable connector.
With the CHAdeMO connector system, the DC high-voltage pins are designed as sockets on the vehicle side and as pins on the cable side. So the design is exactly the opposite of the CCS connector system.
| Pin no. | ID | Name or position | Pin diameter [mm] | Cable cross section [mm²] |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | PE | Reference ground for insulation testing | 1.6 | 0.75 |
| 2 | CP1 | Control relay (1 of 2) | 1.6 | 0.75 |
| 3 | nc | (unallocated) | 1.6 | - |
| 4th | CP3 | Signal ready to charge | 1.6 | 0.75 |
| 5 | - | DC negative pole | 9.0 | 150A: 42.4 200A: 53.5 |
| 6th | + | DC positive pole | 9.0 | 150A: 42.4 200A: 53.5 |
| 7th | CS | Connection check | 1.6 | 0.75 |
| 8th | CAN-H | Data connection (CAN bus high) | 1.6 | 0.75 |
| 9 | CAN-L | Data connection (CAN bus low) | 1.6 | 0.75 |
| 10 | CP2 | Control relay (1 of 2) | 1.6 | 0.75 |
"ChaoJi" connector
The connector called "ChaoJi" is the designated connector system for the CHAdeMO 3.0 specification, which was published on April 24, 2020. Certification of the system and the first vehicles are expected in 2023, commercial vehicles in China as early as 2021. The connector was developed together with the Chinese GB / T charging standard. First publications show that combined AC / DC vehicle sockets are planned, both for the IEC type 1 (SAE J1772) and for the IEC type 2 connector, similar to the CCS system. Cable adapters would be possible for all common DC charging systems (CHAdeMO 2.0, GB / T 2015, CCS and Tesla Type 2).
In contrast to the CCS, the "ChaoJi" connector has all the contacts in the DC area required for the charging process, so the cable connector is much more compact than the CCS cable coupling. The combined ChaoJi / Type 2 vehicle coupling is only slightly larger than a CCS vehicle connector. The locking of the connector system is implemented on the vehicle side.
| Pin ID | Name or position | Pin diameter [mm] |
|---|---|---|
| DC + | DC positive pole | 10 |
| DC- | DC negative pole | 10 |
| S + | Data connection (CAN bus high) | 3 |
| S- | Data connection (CAN bus low) | 3 |
| PE | Reference ground for insulation testing | 6th |
| CC2 | Vehicle connection check | 3 |
| CC1 | Wake up vehicle, connection check charging station | 3 |
Compatibility and Standardization
The CHAdeMO protocol is compatible with Japanese charging plugs from the power company Tepco . However, it is not compatible with other charging plugs (e.g. IEC 62196 Type 1, IEC 62196 Type 2 or the CCS plugs derived from them), since the CHAdeMO charging communication requires a two-wire CAN bus and separate signal lines. However, the additional effort required to implement a DC charging station for both standards (CHAdeMO and CCS) is low, so that combined solutions exist.
The CHAdeMO protocol is now internationally recognized as a direct current charging standard within the framework of the ISO standard: the protocol has been included in the ISO / IEC 61851-23 and ISO / IEC 61851-24 standards .
A CCS-to-CHAdeMO adapter is technically conceivable for vehicles that can quickly charge with direct current using the Combined Charging System (CCS). However, it has not yet been offered. On the occasion of the second EV World Summit in June 2013, both a spokesman for the CHAdeMO Group and the Volkswagen Group pointed out that both systems (CHAdeMO and Combo 2 / CCS) do not mean competition between the two standards for direct current charging if the fast charging stations have connections be equipped for both systems (the additional costs for a further charging protocol / charging process are just 5%). B. Nissan and Volkswagen are jointly setting up “multi-standard fast chargers” that can be controlled by vehicles with both CHAdeMO and Combo 2 (CCS) connections. Corresponding charging stations are already being offered. Volkswagen does not use these multi-standard fast charging stations at all in Germany, Nissan only at selected locations.
Vehicle list
The following electric cars or plug-in hybrids can charge according to the CHAdeMO protocol:
- BMW i3 (only in Japan)
- Citroën Berlingo Electric
- Honda Fit EV to 2015 (USA only), 200A to 80 kW, Li-titanate battery
- Hyundai Ioniq up to 72 kW DC (only in Japan, in Korea up to March 2017)
- Kia Soul EV , up to 70 kW DC
- Mahindra e2o in TechX equipment (sold from 2016 in Great Britain)
- Mitsubishi i-MiEV and its offshoots Citroën C-Zero and Peugeot iOn
- Mitsubishi Plug-In Hybrid Outlander
- Nissan Leaf
- Nissan e-NV200
- Peugeot Partner Electric
- Tesla Model S when using a CHAdeMO charging adapter available from Tesla.
- Tesla Model X when using a CHAdeMO charging adapter available from Tesla.
- Tesla Roadster being retrofitted by JdeMO
- Toyota RAV4 EV (US market) from 2012 when retrofitting JdeMO
- VW e-Up (only in Japan)
- VW e-Golf (only in Japan)
There are also many other electric vehicles for the Japanese or Korean market.
distribution
The Chademo standard quick-charging stations were installed in large numbers by the electricity supplier TEPCO in Japan - TEPCO has set up its own distribution network to supply the charging stations .
| country | March 2012 | October 2014 | September 2017 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Germany | 18th | 90 | 683 |
| Austria | 3 | 28 | 146 |
| Switzerland | 6th | 55 | 168 |
| Australia | 1 | ||
| Belarus | 7th | ||
| Belgium | 3 | 37 | 49 |
| Denmark | 3 | 56 | 120 |
| Estonia | 168 | 150 | |
| Finland | 50 | ||
| France | 9 | 222 | 315 |
| Great Britain | 36 | 333 | 360 |
| Hong Kong | 3 | ||
| Ireland | 19th | 66 | |
| Iceland | 8th | 16 | |
| Italy | 1 | 14th | 45 |
| Japan | 1050 | 2819 | |
| Luxembourg | 1 | 2 | 2 |
| Netherlands | 21st | 141 | 203 |
| Norway | 16 | 138 | 593 |
| Poland | 4th | 16 | |
| Portugal | 18th | 17th | |
| Slovenia | 1 | 2 | 40 |
| Spain | 6th | 119 | |
| Sweden | 5 | 73 | 200 |
| Czech Republic | 46 | ||
| Turkey | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Hungary | 1 | 12 | 20th |
| United States | 26th | 934 | 2000 |
Web links
- Website of the CHAdeMO consortium (English)
- Info leaflet of the CHAdeMO consortium, published at the eCarTec 2010 trade fair in Munich (PDF German / English, accessed on December 31, 2010; 218 kB)
- Overview of CHAdeMO charging stations in Germany
Individual evidence
- ↑ CHAdeMO Association: CHAdeMO Full Member List. May 31, 2017, accessed May 31, 2017 .
- ↑ a b c CHAdeMO High Power , requested on May 31, 2019
- ↑ CHAdeMO 2.0 enables up to 400 kW charging power , requested on June 30, 2018
- ↑ CHAdeMO 3.0 released: the first publication of ChaoJi, the new plug harmonized with China's GB / T , accessed on April 27, 2020
- ↑ https://electrek.co/2017/01/05/chargepoint-400-kw-charing-electric-vehicle-range/
- ↑ Pin names and functions, CHAdeMO consortium , requested on April 27, 2020
- ↑ Electric mobility case study for Finland , accessed on April 27, 2020
- ↑ European TWG Meeting 2019-10-17 , requested on April 27, 2020
- ↑ a b ABB: Charging infrastructure for electric vehicles. ( Memento of the original from October 4, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. PDF, accessed October 4, 2013
- ↑ CHAdeMO officially recognized as international DC fast charging standard published by IEC. AutomotiveWorld Internet portal, March 18, 2014 (English)
- ↑ Nikki Gordon-Bloomfield: CHAdeMO electric car quick charge protocol becomes official international standard. TransportEvolved Internet portal, March 19, 2014 (English)
- ↑ 2013 World EV Summit in Norway - Chademo, Nissan and Volkswagen align on promoting multi-standard fast chargs to accelerate infrastructure deployment and EV adoption (PDF; 160 kB) Chademo Association Europe. June 11, 2013. Archived from the original on September 25, 2013. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved July 9, 2013.
- ↑ Japanese press release from BMW on the launch of the i3 , accessed on September 1, 2015
- ↑ http://www.etnews.com/20170222000205
- ↑ http://www.mykiasoulev.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=685&start=10
- ↑ Archived copy ( Memento of the original dated August 3, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Peugeot | Partner - Chademo Association , accessed February 2, 2019
- ↑ JdeMo for Tesla Roadster. Retrieved May 31, 2017 .
- ↑ Archive link ( Memento of the original from August 19, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ a b Archived copy ( memento of the original from August 3, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ André P. Slovakia: The implementation of interfaces in standard setting: Case study of the charging system for electromobility (PDF; 4.7 MB) University of Hohenheim, Research Center for Innovation and Services. P. 29, June 27, 2012. ISSN 1868-0720. Archived from the original on October 23, 2015. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Accessed on July 19, 2012: “German industry uses the conventional power distribution network. Tepco, on the other hand, has set up its own distribution network for CHAdeMO. "
- ↑ André P. Slovakia: The implementation of interfaces in standard setting: Case study of the charging system for electromobility (PDF; 4.7 MB) University of Hohenheim, Research Center for Innovation and Services. P. 36. June 27, 2012. ISSN 1868-0720. Archived from the original on October 23, 2015. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved on July 19, 2012: "Table 8: Installed base CHAdeMO (as of June 2012) Data sources: CHAdeMO (2011, 2012a, 2012b)."
- ↑ CHAdeMO Association celebrates 13500 CHAdeMOs worldwide. January 10, 2017, accessed May 31, 2017 .
- ↑ goingelectric.de - CHAdeMO charging plug
