Tesla Model S

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Tesla
20180630 Tesla Model S 70D 2015 midnight blue left front.jpg
Model S
Production period: since 07/2012
Class : Upper class
Body versions : Station wagon
Engines: Electric motor  : 175-585 kW
Length: 4979 mm
Width: 1964 mm
Height: 1445 mm
Wheelbase : 2960 mm
Empty weight : 1999-2100 kg
Stars in the US NCAP - Crash Test (2013) 5 stars in the US NCAP crash test
Stars in the Euro NCAP - Crash Test (2014) 5 stars in the Euro NCAP crash test
Model S before the facelift, with a nose cone
Rear view of the Model S
Side view of opened trunk
The conception of the Model S comes from the CEO of Tesla , Elon Musk (in the background); Chief designer was Franz von Holzhausen (in the foreground)

The Tesla Model S is a battery-electric powered passenger car from the US manufacturer Tesla . The prototype was presented on March 26, 2009, and the first vehicle was delivered to customers on June 22, 2012. The German Federal Motor Transport Authority (Kraftfahrt-Bundesamt) classifies the model in the upper class due to its price from € 78,000 .

Up to and including June 2018, 235,534 models of the Model S were sold. The Model S is the best-selling luxury car in Europe and the USA in 2017. It was the best-selling electric car in the world in 2015, 2016 and 2017.

The range is from 200 to over 600 km , depending on the battery equipment and driving conditions. For long-distance journeys, Tesla Supercharger stations can be charged for free.

Tesla also sees itself as a software company and equips every Model S with Internet access , via which the vehicles also receive updates , such as the driver assistance functions known as autopilot . In October 2016, Tesla announced that all Tesla produced from then on would be equipped with eight cameras and twelve ultrasonic sensors in order to enable future autonomous driving that should be safer than a human driver.

General

The Tesla Model S is the first 5 + 2-seater electric car in the luxury class. Work on the drafts was announced in June 2008, initially under the project name "Whitestar". The vehicle presented for the first time was a drivable prototype. For the first time, Tesla developed the chassis and body completely in-house for this model.

The Model S has received several awards, including the Motor Trend Award for the Car of the Year 2013. The Model S P100D, presented in August 2016 with optional Ludicrous mode, accelerates from 0 to 60 miles per hour in 2.5 seconds (around 96 km / h).

history

The Model S was designed by Franz von Holzhausen , who previously worked for Mazda North American Operations. It was code-named "Whitestar" during research and pre-development.

The car was announced in a press release on June 30, 2008. The prototype vehicle was shown at a press conference on March 26, 2009.

In February 2008 it was reported that Tesla Inc. (then Tesla Motors) wanted to offer an expanded version of its Model S. This version should also contain a gasoline engine to increase the range of the vehicle. This was removed in later versions. At the GoingGreen conference in September 2008, Tesla CEO Elon Musk announced that Tesla only develops electric cars.

In order to achieve the planned high number of units, Tesla initially planned to build an assembly factory in Albuquerque , New Mexico for April 2007, but this plan was soon canceled. Likewise, the planned construction of a factory in San José , California . Instead, in May 2010, Tesla bought General Motors and Toyota an entire plant, the NUMMI assembly plant in Fremont , California.

In June 2015, three years after the Model S was launched and nearly 75,000 S sedans shipped worldwide, Tesla reported that Model S owners had driven over a billion miles (1.6 billion kilometers) and more than 500,000 electric Tons of CO 2 saved. The Tesla Model S is the first electric vehicle to reach this milestone. In October 2014, General Motors reported that Volt owners had covered a total of 629 million miles (over one billion kilometers) out of a total of one billion miles, while Nissan reported in December 2014 that Leaf owners had driven 625 million Had traveled miles (one billion kilometers). Tesla also reported that 68 percent of Model S trips were in North America, 25 percent in Europe, and seven percent in Asia / Pacific. Global Model S sales hit the milestone of 100,000 units sold in December 2015 and the 150,000 mark in November 2016.

In 2016, a racing series called "Electric GT World Series" was promoted in preparation for a 2017 racing season with the P85 + as a racing car on certain traditional tracks. In the first season it is planned to have around 20 cars in ten teams.

In April 2016, the Model S was changed as part of a facelift . The front bezel was given a design similar to that of the Tesla Model X and adaptive LED headlights. In addition, the improved Model S received a HEPA air filter system, which removes at least 99.97 percent of the particles from the outside air flowing into the cabin. The standard charger has been boosted from 40 to 48 A to enable faster charging. Two new interiors have been added: maple and dark ash. These improvements were accompanied by a price increase of $ 1,500 in the base model.

In April 2019, Tesla switched production for Model S and Model X to the "Raven" drive train. These vehicles received the permanent magnet synchronous reluctance motor from the Tesla Model 3 as a front motor. The engine is both more powerful and efficient than the previous engine. The "Raven" drivetrain also includes a new adaptive air suspension and higher battery charging capacity.

Battery technology

Similar to the Tesla Roadster , which is produced in small series, the storage system of the Model S is based on cells in the form of conventional lithium-ion batteries for laptops of size 18650 with cell chemistry optimized for electric cars.

The Model S with an 85 kWh battery pack, for example, has 7,104 individual cells (type 18650), divided into 16 blocks (“bricks”). The first Tesla Roadster has 6831 single cells.

Energy content Range NEDC Range WLTP
070 kWh 442 km
075 kWh 490 km
085 kWh 528 km
090 kWh 560 km
100 kWh 613 km 610 km

The originally planned 40 kWh variant was in little demand and therefore not produced. Customers who ordered this version received a battery with 60 kWh, which was limited to 40 kWh by software. All other properties of the larger system, such as the higher maximum acceleration, are retained.

Tesla warrants the Model S for 8 years (excluding the original 60 kWh battery manufactured prior to 2015 which is covered for 8 years or 125,000 miles / 200,000 km, whichever comes first ) with unlimited mileage for the functionality of the battery, but not for capacity and performance, which decrease over time with use. For the service life of drive batteries, see also the service life and cycle stability of drive batteries .

Load capacity

A Tesla Model S P85 + can charge with over 60 kW thanks to its regenerative brake
Cylindrical cell (18650) before assembly; about ten thousand of them make up a 90 kWh battery of the Tesla Model S (see Gigafactory )
Tesla Model S facelift on a supercharger
Front trunk (Frunk) of the Model S without a front engine
Front trunk (Frunk) of the Model S P90D with all-wheel drive

The drive battery can be charged via a connection in the left rear light . The charging power is adjustable. It typically ranges from max. 2500 W at a 230 V AC socket that is common in Europe up to 250 kW direct current at a Supercharger (version 3) of Tesla's own charging station network. In addition, the Tesla Model S can charge itself with up to 60 kW even when decelerating or driving downhill through braking energy recovery or recuperation . Another - no longer offered - procedure was the fully automated replacement of the accumulator under the vehicle floor within 90 seconds. In principle, Tesla does not offer a range extender in the form of an internal combustion engine.

The Model S has a built-in 16.5 kW on-board charger for charging, which charges energy per hour for a range of up to 77 km. A double charger with 22 kW was optionally available until 2016. The supplied charging cable for normal sockets is called the "Mobile Connector". Attachable adapters are supplied as standard or are optionally available. This enables charging at almost all power connections.

The Model S can be charged with a single-phase (230 V / 10 A or 16 A) standard, both on a standard Schuko socket and on red junction boxes according to IEC 60309 with 11 kW.

A type 2 charging cable is required for charging at a type 2 charging station . Only with this can the full charging power of the board charger be used.

Because the continuous power of a standard Schuko socket is limited to 2500 W (230 V, 11 A) and the energy stored in the battery typically exceeds 70 kWh, it takes more than 20 hours to fully charge an empty battery. It takes about eight hours on a red three-phase connection socket (16 A) . The accumulators can also be charged halfway in 20 minutes, 80% in 40 minutes and fully in 75 minutes at Tesla-operated Supercharger charging stations. According to Tesla, it is working on a charging system with a charging time of five to ten minutes. When charging on the supercharger, the drive battery is charged directly with direct current using a cable permanently installed on the charging station, bypassing the internal charger . Charging on the Tesla Superchargers is free of charge for the Model S with the Supercharger option activated, which was standard equipment on all models until the end of 2016.

Facelift

In October 2014 the twin-engine "Dual Motor Model S" versions were presented. With the help of the second motor, the wheels on the front axle are driven independently of the existing motor on the rear axle. This means that the dual-motor variant not only achieves a significantly higher output (515 kW P85D instead of 310 kW P85), but also slightly reduced consumption and thus a range that is ten miles longer.

The P85D version has been delivered since December 2014 (85 kWh battery, Performance Edition). In addition, the Model S 85D (85 kWh battery) and 70D (70 kWh battery) with all-wheel drive have been available since 2015.

Simultaneously with the introduction of the twin-engine versions, it was announced that all new Model S vehicles will be equipped with an autopilot system. This consists of a forward-facing radar, twelve ultrasonic sensors, a forward-facing camera and a digitally controlled braking system. In the future, the Model S should automatically stay in lane, change lanes at the push of a button, adjust the speed based on traffic signs and react to traffic. The software is to be completed over a period of several months and, if desired, imported into the cars. In the future, software updates should enable a Model S, for example, to calculate when to start the journey by accessing the driver's calendar and the current traffic situation. Then the car independently opens the garage, drives up independently and heats / cools the interior to the desired temperature.

On July 17, 2015, Elon Musk announced during a press conference call that the Model S with a 70 kWh battery was now also available in a single-motor version. For the high-performance model P85D, Musk announced an optional battery and power upgrade. The battery upgrade provides a battery capacity of 90 kWh. The "Ludicrous Mode" performance option (German: ludicrous, referred to as "out of your senses" in the vehicle's configuration menu) accelerates the Model S from 0 to 100 km / h in 3.0 seconds. The upgrades improve the acceleration to the top speed of 250 km / h by 20%. The battery upgrade is available to all new and existing customers who own a Model S with an 85 kWh battery. The performance upgrade is only available to P85D new and existing customers. In a test by the car magazine Car and Driver , an appropriately equipped Model S accelerated from 0 to 60 mph (96.5 km / h) in 2.8 seconds. On February 6, 2016, the models with 85 kWh batteries were withdrawn from the range. The 70, 70D, 90D and P90D versions were now available as configurations until the Model S with a 100 kWh battery was presented in August 2016, with which the range and acceleration values ​​were further improved.

In April 2016, a facelift of the Model S was presented, which includes the following innovations: a new front without a faked grille, LED headlights , an optional HEPA filter with bio- weapon protection mode (similar to the Model X), an optional battery upgrade for the 70 kWh battery to 75 kWh, a standard center console with storage compartments (similar to Model X) and an optional mobile phone preparation. An optional 16.5 kW charger replaces the 22 kW charger that was previously available as an option. The 16.5 kW charger (referred to by Tesla as the high-current on-board charger) is the standard for vehicles ordered after June 30, 2017.

Technical specifications

Current models

model Model S Maximum range Model S performance
Construction period since 04/2019
Energy content 100 kWh
Motor type Rear: three-phase asynchronous drive

Front: Permanent magnet synchronous machine with increased reluctance share

Drive type
Range (according to EPA ) 595 km 555 km
Range (according to WLTP ) 610 km 593 km
Engine power (2) 413 kW 205 kW front (3) 380 kW rear (3)
Continuous performance
according to registration 		AT: 180 kW
Max. Torque 775 Nm 1140 Nm
Acceleration 0-100 km / h 3.8 s 2.5 s
Max. speed 250 km / h 261 km / h
Turning circle 11.3 m
(1) Based on the manufacturer's official range specification (2) Battery- limited maximum motor shaft output (3) max. Hourly output: 87 kW each, max. 30-minute power: 90 kW each

Since the end of June 2019, orders for the model variant with 100 kWh battery capacity have been accepted; production of the cheaper basic variant 75D is being phased out.

Models no longer produced

Tesla Model S technical data
model 40 60 60 60D 70 70D 75 75 75D P85 85 85D Standard range P85D 90D P90D Long Range (until Feb. 2019 100D )
 Performance (until Feb. 2019 P100D ) Standard Range (until Feb. 2019 75D )
Energy content 40 kWh (1) 60kWh 60 kWh (2) 70 kWh 75 kWh 85 kWh 90 kWh 100 kWh 75 kWh
Motor type Three-phase asynchronous drive
Drive type Rear wheel drive all wheel drive Rear wheel drive all wheel drive Rear wheel drive all wheel drive Rear wheel drive all wheel drive
Range (according to EPA ) 260 km
(Tesla) 		334 km 340 km 351 km 335 km 390 km 401 km 417 km 430 km 426 km 434 km 435 km 407 km 473 km 430 km 539 km 507 km 459 km
Range (according to NEDC ) 400 km 408 km 375 km 442 km 480 km 490 km 500 km 502 km 528 km 520 km 491 km 557 km 509 km 632 km 613 km 450 km
Maximum power 175 kW
(235 hp) 		225 kW

(306 HP)

235 kW
(315 hp) 		244 kW
(332 hp) 		225 kW
(306 hp) 		386 kW

(518 PS)

235 kW

(315 HP)

350 kW

(469 PS)

386 kW

(518 PS)

P85 +:

350 kW (469 hp)

P85:

310 kW
(421 hp)

270 kW
(367 hp) 		386 kW

(518 PS)

P85D +: 396 kW
(539 hp)
P85D: 345 kW
(469 hp) (3) 		311 kW
(423 hp) 		386 kW
(518 PS)
396 kW
(539 PS)
(ludicrous) 		310 kW (422 hp) 449 kW

(611 PS)

310 kW (422 hp)
Continuous performance
according to registration 		EN: EN: DE: 158 kW EN: EN:

AT: 60kW

DE: 90 kW DE: 158 kW DE: 69 kW

CH: 89 kW

DE: 69 kW AU: 67 kW

CH: 386 kW

DE: 66 kW DE: 158 kW EN: EN: DE: 158 kW EN:
Max. Torque

(0-U max / min)

430 Nm 440 Nm 525 Nm 430 Nm 525 Nm 440 Nm 525 Nm 600 Nm 440 Nm 658 Nm 930 Nm 660 Nm 967 Nm 600 Nm 967 Nm 600 Nm
Acceleration 0-100 km / h 6.5 s 6.2 s 5.8 s 5.4 s 5.9 s 5.4 s 5.8 s 4.6 s 4.4 s 4.4 s 5.6 s 4.4 s 4.4 s 3.3 s
(insane)
3.0 s
(ludicrous) 		4.4 s 3.3 s
(insane)
3.0 s
(ludicrous) 		3.8 s

(3.7 s for 0-60 mph (3) ) [59]

2.5 s [60]

(2.3 s for 0–60 mph) [61] (1.2 s for 72–105 km / h)

4.3 s

(3.8 s for 0-60)

mph (3) [59]

Max. speed 180 km / h 190 km / h 210 km / h 225 km / h 250 km / h 225 km / h 250 km / h
production until 4/2013 2013 to 2015 2016 to 4/2017 until 4/2015 until 5/2016 until 7/2017 7/2017 to 10/2017 until 1/2019 until 11/2014 until 2/2016 until 4/2019 until 2/2016 until 6/2017 until 11/2016 until 04/2019 until 01/2019
(1) 60 kWh accumulator electronically limited to 40 kWh.
(2) 75 kWh battery electronically limited to 60 kWh. Can be activated at any time for an additional charge.
(3) Battery Limited Total Maximum Power; The front electric motor has an output of 165 kW, the rear 350 kW.
(1) Based on the manufacturer's official range specification (2) Battery- limited maximum motor shaft output

(3) after software update

Consumption data

Consumption data Tesla Model S 2012–16 ( EPA )
model Construction year combined
per 100 km		 In urban areas
per 100 km		 Motorway
per 100 km
Tesla Model S
(60 kWh battery) 		2013 22.0 kWh 22.3 kWh 21.6 kWh
Tesla Model S
(85 kWh battery) 		2012–13 23.5 kWh 23.8 kWh 23.3 kWh
Tesla Model S Performance
(85 kWh battery) 		2014 22.05 kWh 21.7 kWh 22.4 kWh
Tesla Model S P90D 2016 22 kWh 23 kWh 21 kWh
Note: Consumption is not based on the NEDC , but on the US equivalent.

As a purely electric car , the Tesla Model S does not emit any CO 2 , NO x or SO 2 when in operation . However, depending on the type of electricity production, “ well-to-tank ” primary energy is consumed or CO 2 , NO x or SO 2 is emitted, i.e. H. the emission values ​​depend on the type of generation of the electricity used.

The Tesla Model S has a drag coefficient ( c w ) of 0.24 and a frontal area of ​​2.34 m², resulting in an air resistance area of ​​0.5616 m².

Operation and equipment

Interior of a Tesla Model S

Some on-board functions of the vehicle are operated via a 17-inch touchscreen display installed upright in the center console . This is the first time a device of this size has been integrated into a production vehicle in the Model S. The computer graphics are calculated by an nVidia Tegra 3 . A wireless internet access is part of the on Ubuntu based system. The driver benefits from the fact that the user interface displayed on it can be updated, expanded and customized. For example, at the customer's request, an additional driving mode for a crawler gear was integrated via update .

Since the electric motor is located behind the rear axle, there is an additional small trunk with 150 liters available at the front in addition to the rear trunk with 745 liters (or 1,645 liters if the rear seats are folded down).

It is the first electric car with a luxury class limousine in terms of drive power (up to 930 Nm in the P90D), driving dynamics (P100D version "Ludicrous Speed": 0–100 km / h in 2.7 seconds), space (up to five adults and two children can also take a seat), comfort (adaptive air suspension with automatic level control ), infotainment / electronics (the largest 17-inch touchscreen in its class with Tegra 3 , Google Maps, etc.) and safety (the car is the safest, which will run until 2013 from the NHTSA tested) can keep up. It has driver assistance systems using radar, video cameras and ultrasonic sensors as standard . These characteristics made it the first successful electric car in the luxury class. According to board member Elon Musk , any new technology is initially too expensive for the mass market, and the investment has to be amortized through high sales prices, so this car is also relatively expensive (in Germany the entry-level model with 70 kWh costs 78,000 euros.) However, the price is for the electricity from the supercharger in Germany included in the price of the car. Tesla's next model, called Model 3 , is expected to cost around $ 35,000 from 2017. The batteries could be charged to 80 percent within 30 minutes, which from then on became the standard for electric cars. The car was designed from the start as a computer on wheels, and it is regularly improved and brought up to date with software updates via cellular networks, similar to smartphones: “We really designed the Model S to be a very sophisticated computer on wheels. Tesla is a software company as much as it is a hardware company. A huge part of what Tesla is, is a Silicon Valley software company. We view this the same as updating your phone or your laptop. "

Autopilot

Tesla vehicles from October 2014 will have hardware for various driver assistance systems known as "autopilot". This includes a lane departure warning system ( auto-steer ) for expressways, adaptive cruise control (ACC), a lane change assistant and an emergency braking assistant ( AEB ) when driving . There is also a parking assistant ( Auto-Summon ), which can also function without people on board, where this is permitted.

The technology and software version 1.0 (AP1) was supplied by Mobileye by summer 2016 . Tesla has been using its own sensors and programs ever since. The new version 2.0 (AP2) has been installed since October 2016, which has significantly more cameras, but initially worked significantly worse. Use can be activated upon delivery or later for a fee. The functions are improved several times a year, even for vehicles that have already been delivered, through software updates via mobile communications.

AP1

With the introduction of software version 7.0, it has been possible to use the autopilot since October 14, 2015. The driver must remain ready to intervene at all times. The vehicle can follow the lane and also change it, but cannot yet drive to a destination completely on its own with the help of the navigation system. The driver still has to intervene at intersections, for example. At traffic lights, the driver has to watch out for red lights and react himself. The autopilot includes a adaptive cruise control (ACC), lane departure warning ( Auto-Steer ), Lane Change Assist and Park Assistant ( Auto Summon ). The parking assistant works over short distances (a few meters) even if the driver is outside the vehicle. It thus combines the functions of the aforementioned and other driver assistance systems . By monitoring / logging the driving functions in real traffic, transmitting driving data to the manufacturer, error analysis and active further development of the autopilot software, coupled with software distribution via the air interface in existing vehicles, Tesla is trying to gain a speed advantage in the further development of the control software. The aim of this development is that when the autopilot function is activated, the statistical mean accident rate should be lower than that of a human driver.

After a fatal accident in the USA on May 7, 2016, Tesla responded with a software update that makes better use of the information from the built-in front radar and better complements the data from the front camera, especially in poor lighting.

Tests and a. from June 2016 showed that the autopilot in the Tesla was the most advanced system that was available on the market at the time. Since the introduction of the autopilot, the accident rate has decreased by around 40 percent. The higher level of security sometimes leads to lower insurance premiums.

AP2

The Autopilot Hardware 2.0 (since October 2016) should allow the vehicles to be fully autonomous, i.e. H. to drive according to SAE Level 5 . Tesla believes that the fully autonomous state will be achieved by the end of 2017. Then a demonstration drive from San Francisco to New York will be carried out, during which a Tesla vehicle will cover the distance unmanned. In December 2017 this forecast was corrected by Elon Musk. He stated that Tesla could reach Level 5 in three years (late 2020).

Notable accidents

A Tesla driver died on May 7, 2016 in the United States after an oncoming left-turning trailer truck took the right of way. Neither the autopilot nor the driver had applied the brakes, so that the car passed under the trailer and the roof was torn off. The driver assistance system is said to have mistaken the semi-trailer , which had no side underrun protection, for a sign hanging up high. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration formally opened an investigation.

On September 28, 2016, a Model S with an activated autopilot function collided with a coach on the A24 near Hamburg. The driver of the Model S was slightly injured. Based on preliminary information, the media reported that the accident was caused by the autopilot. However, further investigations by the police revealed that the bus driver was responsible for the accident.

Since the beginning of 2018, three accidents have become known in the USA in which Tesla vehicles with the autopilot assistant running into parked emergency vehicles.

American accident investigators from the NTSB are currently (2018) investigating a fatal crash in which a Tesla with "autopilot" steered into a concrete bollard on the Silicon Valley motorway in March.

production

Production in Fremont

Tesla manufactures the Model S in its own factory in Fremont, California . For the EU market, the Model S is assembled from CKD kits in Tilburg, the Netherlands .

The first delivery was on June 22nd, 2012. The first European delivery took place in Oslo in August 2013 .

year piece
2012
  
 2,650
2013
  
 22,442
2014
  
 31,655
2015
  
 50,446
2016
  
 50,931
2017
  
 54,715
2018
  
 50,630
2019
  
 28,248
total
  
 291.717

Test results

In spring 2013, the independent American consumer magazine Consumer Reports certified the Tesla Model S with the best car test result to date. The vehicle thus performed better in the tests than all competitors equipped with combustion engines.

The US National Highway Traffic Safety NHTSA determined the highest ever recorded for the Model S in the summer of 2013 safety standards . In October 2013, part of the battery pack burned in Washington state after a large metal part punctured the floor pan. According to Tesla, safety precautions limited the fire to the front of the car. A fire in a Model S is also smaller, its spread is easier to control and statistically five times less likely than with vehicles with liquid fuel. Two more fires occurred in October and November 2013 after accidents without personal injury . All vehicles delivered since March 2014 are equipped with a newly developed floor reinforcement made of aluminum and titanium , which should prevent such fires in the future. Existing vehicles can be retrofitted on request and are free of charge.

In July 2014, the magazine auto motor und sport (AMS) carried out a test of electric cars under extreme conditions in cooperation with TÜV Süd. The determined ranges were far below the manufacturer's specifications. Tesla drivers criticized the way they were carried out and the test results, which they considered to be far from everyday life. According to AMS, Tesla has signaled that it does not want to provide any more test vehicles for the time being and has not responded to the offer to accompany a repetition of the test. The association “Tesla Drivers and Friends” determined a large number of end customer vehicles in its own test to have a much higher range than AMS. Furthermore, representatives of the association with their own vehicles took part in a second test by AMS. In the second test in continuous rain, the achieved range was above the range achieved in the first test by AMS, but below the range determined by the club or below the manufacturer's information.

Market development

The Model S is considered a serious competitor for the luxury cars of established, especially German premium manufacturers, in particular the S-Class from Mercedes-Benz , the 7 Series from BMW and the Porsche Panamera .

United States

In the United States , the Model S was by far the best-selling luxury sedan in 2013: around 18,000 units compared to 13,303 S-Class Mercedes, 10,932 7-series BMW, 10,727 Lexus LS, 6,300 Audi A8 and 5,421 Porsche Panamera.

In 2014, the Tesla Model S was the best-selling luxury sedan with 16,689 units. In 2015 this increased by 51 percent to 25,202 pieces. The remaining luxury sedans lost between 5 and 16 percent of their market share between 2014 and 2015.

Norway

In Norway, Tesla Model S was newly registered in 2013 in 1983, with a market share of 1.4 percent and 20th place in the model list.

In September 2013, December 2013 and March 2014, the Tesla Model S was the model with the most monthly new registrations in Norway. In March 2014, the Tesla Model S set a new record for the most new registrations in one month: 1493 units, which corresponds to a market share of 10.8 percent.

In 2014, the Model S came with 4,040 newly registered vehicles, a market share of 2.8 percent and fifth place in the list of models.

Germany

year piece
2013
  
 183
2014
  
 815
2015
  
 1,582
2016
  
 1,474
2017
  
 2,241
2018
  
 1,248
2019
  
 981
Registration figures in Germany, source: Federal Motor Transport Authority

Switzerland and Liechtenstein

In Switzerland there are basically no subsidies for the purchase of electric cars, the canton of Thurgau is an exception. In most cantons, however, they are wholly or partially exempt from vehicle tax. In 2013, 213 Tesla Model S were newly registered in Switzerland and Liechtenstein, 232 Porsche Panamera, 189 Mercedes-Benz S-Class, 163 BMW 7 Series, 118 Audi A8 and 15 VW Phaeton in the same period.

In 2014, 496 Tesla Model S were newly registered in Switzerland and Liechtenstein, over the same period 678 Mercedes-Benz S-Class, 199 Porsche Panamera, 158 Audi A8, 132 BMW 7 Series and 6 VW Phaeton.

In 2015, 1,556 Tesla Model S were newly registered in Switzerland, in the same period 776 Mercedes-Benz S-Class, 168 Porsche Panamera, 100 Audi A8, 192 BMW 7 Series and 6 VW Phaeton.

In 2017, a total of 2024 Tesla Model S and X were newly registered in Switzerland.

In 2018, 837 Model S and Model X 625 were newly registered, a total of 1462.

In 2019, 505 Model S and 528 Model X were newly registered, totaling 1033.

Austria

In Austria in 2013 50 vehicles of the Tesla brand (including of remaining models) were registered, in 2014 there were 136 pieces, 492 pieces in 2015 and 2016, 717 pieces, of which 575 Model S and 142 copies of the Model X .

rest of Europe

In 2015, the Tesla Model S was sold 15,787 times in Western Europe, making the Tesla Model S the best-selling luxury car in Western Europe. The long-standing front runner in the luxury class in Western Europe, the Mercedes S-Class, was sold 14,990 times, making it second.

In 2017, the Model S was the best-selling luxury vehicle in Europe with 16,132 units. It was ahead of the S-Class from Mercedes (13,359 vehicles) and the 7 Series from BMW (11,735 vehicles).

Denmark

In 2013, 112 Tesla Model S were newly registered in Denmark, 460 in 2014 and 2,738 in the following year.

Finland

In 2013, two Tesla Model S were newly registered in Finland, in 2014 there were 89 and in 2015 144 units were registered.

Great Britain

In 2014, 718 Tesla Model S were registered in Great Britain.

Italy

In 2013, 19 Tesla Model S were newly registered in Italy; in 2014 there were 53.

Latvia

In 2013, a Tesla Model S was newly registered in Latvia; in 2014 there were three.

Netherlands

In 2013, 1,194 Tesla Model S were sold in the Netherlands. Sales of the BMW 7 Series, Mercedes S-Class, Audi A8 / S8 and Porsche Panamera were each below 200 units. In 2014, 1,465 Tesla Model S were sold.

Sweden

In 2013, five Tesla Model S were newly registered in Sweden, in 2014 there were 267 units. In 2015 there were 996 and in the first quarter of 2016 198 (increase of 43 percent compared to Q1 2015). This makes Sweden one of the most important markets for Tesla in Europe.

Slovenia

In 2013, three Tesla Model S were newly registered in Slovenia; in 2014 there were 13.

Spain

One Tesla Model S was newly registered in Spain in 2013, 15 in 2014 and only 10 in 2015.

Worldwide

In 2014, the Model S was the second best-selling electric car in the world after the Nissan Leaf . In 2015, 2016 and 2017 it was the best-selling electric car worldwide. In 2017 in second place with 47,195 the Nissan Leaf, in third place with 46,535 the Tesla Model X , in fourth place with 31,932 the Renault ZOE , in fifth place with 31,410 the BMW i3 , in 6th place with 27,982 the Chevrolet Bolt .

China

Sales of the Model S in China started in April 2014. By the end of March 2015, 5042 Model S had been imported. However, only those whose owners have acquired a license for approval are considered “sold”. By the end of March 2015, these amount to around 3550 pieces.

Tesla is the first foreign automobile manufacturer to benefit from a state program in some metropolitan areas that issues licenses for low or zero-emission vehicles free of charge.

See also

Web links

Commons : Tesla Model S  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Result of the Tesla Model S in the US NCAP crash test (2013)
  2. ↑ Result of the Tesla Model S in the Euro NCAP crash test (2014)
  3. ↑ Tesla Model S: $ 50,000 EV sedan seats seven, 300-mile range, 0–60 in 5.5s. In: autobloggreen.com. March 26, 2009, accessed February 25, 2015 .
  4. ↑ Tesla's mission is to accelerate the world's transition to sustainable transport. In: teslamotors.com. Retrieved February 25, 2015 .
  5. ↑ Classification as upper class by the KBA
  6. ↑ The top 10 best-selling electric cars in 2017_China.org.cn. In: german.china.org.cn. February 9, 2018, accessed April 13, 2020 .
  7. ↑ Tesla Model S in front of Mercedes S-Class and 7 Series BMW in sales in 2017. manager-magazin.de, February 20, 2018, accessed on November 1, 2018 .
  8. ↑ Large luxury cars - US sales by model 2017. statista.com, accessed November 1, 2018 .
  9. ↑ http://ir.tesla.com/news-releases/news-release-details/tesla-q2-2018-vehicle-production-and-deliveries
  10. ↑ see range per charge on Tesla Model S website
  11. ↑ New Tesla Model S 100D with a range of 632 kilometers. In: ecomento.tv, Elektroauto- & E-Mobilitäts-Magazin. January 17, 2017. Retrieved May 30, 2017 .
  12. ^ All Tesla Cars Being Produced Now Have Full Self-Driving Hardware.
  13. ↑ New & Future Cars: Tesla Builds a 4-Door ( Memento from October 26, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) In: roadandtrack.com
  14. ↑ 2013 Motor Trend Car of the Year: Tesla Model S.
  15. ↑ a b c Fastest production car in the world: Tesla P100D-Pack for Model S and Model X. In: autoservice.de , August 24, 2016, accessed August 25, 2016
  16. ↑ Ray Wert: Darryl Siry responds to rumor on Jalopnik forum . In: Jalopnik.com . February 20, 2007. Retrieved November 27, 2010.
  17. ^ Brian Lam: Tesla Whitestar Electric Sedan: 4 Doors, Half the Price of the Roadster . In: Gizmodo.com . February 19, 2007. Retrieved May 6, 2012.
  18. ^ Merritt Johnson: Tesla Whitestar to be offered as both an EV and a REV . CNET News. February 4, 2008. Retrieved May 6, 2012.
  19. ↑ Samuel Abuelsamid: Super-secret photo of Tesla White Star leaks out of San Carlos . Autoblog Green. June 12, 2008. Retrieved October 8, 2013.
  20. ↑ Michael Graham Richard: Tesla's Next Electric Car to be Called "Model S", New Factory to Open in North California . In: TreeHugger.com . June 30, 2008. Retrieved May 6, 2012.
  21. ↑ Mike Monticello: Tesla Builds a 4-Door - New and Future Cars . Road & Track (Hachette Filipacchi Media, US, Inc.). October 23, 2008. Archived from the original on June 4, 2010. Retrieved on May 4, 2011.
  22. ^ Tesla debuts electric car for the masses , CBC News. March 27, 2009. Retrieved March 28, 2009. 
  23. ↑ Michael Kanellos: Tesla to make gas-electric car . In: News.com . February 1, 2008. Retrieved November 27, 2010.
  24. ^ Tesla Kills Its Gas-Electric Hybrid . In: Greenlight.greentechmedia.com . September 18, 2008. Archived from the original on September 22, 2008. Retrieved on November 27, 2010.
  25. ↑ Dave Severns: Tesla Motors blog post regarding Albuquerque decision . Teslamotors.com. Retrieved November 27, 2010.
  26. ↑ Tesla Motors press release - announcement of Albuquerque plans . Teslamotors.com. Archived from the original on April 6, 2010. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved November 27, 2010. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / teslamotors.com
  27. ↑ The Albuquerque Tribune Editorial: Don't hold your breath on Tesla Motors plant . Abqtrib.com. Archived from the original on February 14, 2012. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved November 27, 2010. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.abqtrib.com
  28. ^ Tesla to build electric car factory in Bay Area . In: San Jose Mercury News . Retrieved November 27, 2010.
  29. ↑ Tesla Wants NUMMI Operational By 2012 . Ktvu.com. May 20, 2010. Archived from the original on May 23, 2010. Retrieved on November 27, 2010.
  30. ^ Tesla Model S one billion miles . In: Western Morning News , June 23, 2015. Archived from the original on June 24, 2015. 
  31. ↑ a b c Jeff Cobb: Happy 3rd Birthday Tesla Model S: Fleet Is First To Travel One Billion Miles , HybridCars.com. 23rd June 2015. 
  32. ↑ Jeff Cobb: Tesla Model S Is Second Plug-in Car To Cross 150,000 Sales Milestone . In: HybridCars.com , December 5, 2016. 
  33. ^ Andrew van Leeuwen: World-first electric GT series launched . In: Motorsport , March 10, 2016. Retrieved March 15, 2016. 
  34. ↑ Kirsten Korosec: Tesla's Model S Will Look Different Starting Today . In: Fortune (magazine) , April 12, 2016. Retrieved May 9, 2016. 
  35. ↑ Patrick Bolli: What are Tesla Model S and Model X Raven models? In: Teslawissen.ch. April 28, 2019, accessed July 5, 2020 .
  36. ↑ Wilfried Eckl-Dorna: Electric car pioneer: "Daimler is an important investor for Tesla". In: manager-magazin.de. October 21, 2013, accessed February 25, 2015 .
  37. ^ Model S - Tesla Motors Germany. In: teslamotors.com. October 27, 2015, accessed October 27, 2015 .
  38. ↑ Design Your Model S | Tesla. Retrieved October 5, 2019 .
  39. ↑ Tesla Model S. Tesla Model X: Tesla Model S and Model X: Now up to 610 kilometers range. Retrieved October 5, 2019 .
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  42. ↑ MODEL S new vehicle guarantee for the guarantee region Europe. In: teslamotors.com (PDF), accessed May 30, 2019.
  43. ↑ https://www.tesla.com/de_AT/support/supercharging
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  46. ↑ Top up in Europe. Tesla Motors, video 2 min, accessed October 2, 2013.
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  48. ↑ Mobile Connector. Tesla Motors, accessed October 2, 2013
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  50. ↑ Oliver Karthaus: Tesla wants to charge electric cars within five to ten minutes. (No longer available online.) In: dailygreen.de. July 16, 2013, archived from the original on February 25, 2015 ; Retrieved February 25, 2015 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.dailygreen.de
  51. ↑ Supercharger - Tesla Motors. In: teslamotors.com. Retrieved February 25, 2015 .
  52. ↑ a b c d Dual Motor Model S and Autopilot. The Tesla Motors Team, October 10, 2014.
  53. ↑ http://www.teslamotors.com/blog/three-dog-day
  54. ↑ Don Sherman: 2015 Tesla Model S P90D - Instrumented Test. In: caranddriver.com. Retrieved February 5, 2016 .
  55. ↑ TK: Tesla Motors no longer offers 85 kWh battery pack worldwide. In: teslamag.de. February 8, 2016, accessed February 9, 2016 .
  56. ↑ Tesla Motors: Overview of the charging options at home. Retrieved January 17, 2018 .
  57. ↑ Design Your Model S. Retrieved April 24, 2019 .
  58. ↑ Design Your Model S | Tesla. Retrieved May 6, 2020 .
  59. ↑ Price increase for Model S and X: Tesla cancels basic variants. In: n-tv.de . January 11, 2019, accessed January 18, 2019 .
  60. ↑ Basic versions deleted: Tesla Model S and Model X will soon cost at least 100,000 euros in Germany, report by the Handelsblatt newspaper from January 11, 2019, accessed on January 11, 2019
  61. ↑ a b Eric Loveday: Tesla Model S 90D & P90D Receive Official EPA Range Ratings. In: insideevs.com. August 10, 2015, accessed May 21, 2016 .
  62. ↑ Environmental Protection Agency and United States Department of Energy : 2013 Tesla Model S (60 kWh battery pack) . Fueleconomy.gov. December 2012. Retrieved December 7, 2012.
  63. ↑ Environmental Protection Agency and Department of Energy of the United States : 2012 Tesla Model S . Fueleconomy.gov. June 2012. Retrieved June 27, 2012.
  64. ↑ Tesla Model S - A sporty electric car with an enormous range . August 2014. Retrieved August 22, 2014.
  65. ↑ Here there was a calculation error before 0.24 * 2.34m² = 0.5616m²
  66. ↑ Don Sherman: Drag Queens: Five slippery cars enter a wind tunnel; one slinks out a winner. In: Car and Driver June 2014, pp. 86–92.
  67. ↑ Video: GPU in the Model S on YouTube
  68. ↑ Andreas Donath: Industrial Ethernet connection: hobbyist finds access to the network in the Tesla Model S. In: golem.de. April 7, 2014, accessed February 25, 2015 .
  69. ↑ a b Harald Kaiser, Frankfurt: Tesla and Mercedes: The dwarf electrifies the giant. In: stern.de . September 11, 2013, accessed February 25, 2015 .
  70. ^ Model S - Tesla Motors Germany. In: teslamotors.com. August 19, 2013, accessed February 25, 2015 .
  71. ↑ Archived copy ( memento of the original from March 28, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / my.teslamotors.com
  72. ↑ Tesla Model S as a Family Car - Review From a Mom's Perspective - Part 1 - EVStories.com
  73. ↑ http://www.wired.com/2013/08/tesla-model-s-crash-test/ The Tesla Model S Is So Safe It Broke the Crash-Testing Gear
  74. ↑ Alexander Bloch: Tesla Model S versus Mercedes CLS 63 AMG S: 700 electric horsepower demand 585 V8 horsepower. In: auto-motor-und-sport.de. April 12, 2015, accessed April 13, 2020 .
  75. ^ Design studio Model S - Tesla Motors . In: teslamotors.com . Archived from the original on March 28, 2015. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved April 18, 2015. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / my.teslamotors.com
  76. ↑ Uli Baumann: Tesla Model S 70D: Electric car with a new base . In: auto motor und sport . April 8, 2015. Archived from the original on April 15, 2015. Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved April 18, 2015. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.auto-motor-und-sport.de
  77. ↑ Tesla Model S - Conclusion (I): This car is too good for Germany . In: manager magazin . April 29, 2013. Retrieved April 18, 2015.
  78. ↑ Los Angeles Times: Elon Musk: Model S not a car but a 'sophisticated computer on wheels' . In: latimes.com . March 19, 2015. Retrieved April 18, 2015.
  79. ↑ Your autopilot is there on the Tesla Blog , (accessed October 29, 2015).
  80. ↑ Radar beats camera in Tesla. In: autobild.de , accessed on September 30, 2016
  81. ↑ TEST: Autonomous system in Mercedes-Benz E-Class and Tesla Model S. In: autofil.no , accessed on October 26, 2016
  82. ↑ Root insures self-driving cars. In: golem.de , accessed on April 19, 2017
  83. ↑ Autopilot: Full Self-Driving Hardware on All Cars . Tesla Motors. Retrieved October 21, 2016.
  84. ↑ Autopilot: Next year the car will drive to New York alone . faz.net. Retrieved October 26, 2016.
  85. ↑ Autopilot: Tesla equips all new cars with fully autonomous driving technology . gruenderszene.de. Retrieved October 26, 2016.
  86. ↑ Elon Musk updates timeline for a self-driving car, but how does Tesla play into it? In: Electrek . December 8, 2017 ( electrek.co [accessed December 14, 2017]).
  87. ↑ teslamotors.com
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  91. ↑ Tesla on autopilot collides with a coach. In: zeit.de , accessed on September 30, 2016
  92. ^ Tesla Model S: Bus was to blame for the autopilot crash in northern Germany. In: ecomento.tv , accessed on October 14, 2016
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  94. ^ Danny King: Tesla will assemble, distribute vehicles in Holland for European market . Autoblog Green. December 13, 2012. Retrieved December 23, 2012.
  95. ↑ George Blankenship: Inside Tesla . Tesla Motors. August 21, 2012. Retrieved August 24, 2012.
  96. ↑ Jay Cole: First Europe Model S Delivered In Oslo, Norway . In: InsideEV.com . Retrieved September 15, 2013.
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  102. ↑ Alan Ohnsman: Tesla Model S Says Driver Unhurt in Mexico crash. In: bloomberg.com. Retrieved February 25, 2015 .
  103. ^ Tesla Model S hits road debris and catches fire in Tenn .; 3rd fire in company's electric car ( Memento from November 9, 2013 in the web archive archive.today )
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  145. ↑ nieuwverkoop Personenautos 201412. (PDF) (No longer available online.) RAI Vereniging, archived from the original on February 1, 2015 ; accessed on January 28, 2015 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.raivereniging.nl
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  149. ↑ December 2014. (XLS) (No longer available online.) Sekcija za osebna motorna vozila, archived from the original on January 15, 2016 ; accessed on April 13, 2015 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.ads-slo.org
  150. ↑ MATRICULACIÓN DE TURISMOS POR MARCA Y MODELO. DICIEMBRE 2013. (PDF) In: El mercado de turismos termina 2013 of 722.703 unidades, and 3.3% more than the año anterior. Asociación Española de Fabricantes de Automóviles y Camiones, January 2, 2014, p. 9 , accessed January 17, 2015 .
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  153. ↑ Jeff Cobb: Tesla Model S Was World's Best-Selling Plug-in Car in 2015 . In: HybridCars.com , January 12, 2016. Retrieved January 13, 2016. 
  154. ↑ Jeff Cobb: 2014's Top-10 Global Best-Selling Plug-in Cars . HybridCars.com. February 11, 2015. Accessed February 11, 2015. A total of 31,655 units were sold worldwide in 2014. Global cumulative sales since June 2012 totaled 56,782 Model S cars by the end of 2014.
  155. ↑ Jeff Cobb: Tesla Model S Is World's Best-Selling Plug-in Car For Second Year In A Row . In: HybridCars.com , January 26, 2017. See also detailed 2016 sales and cumulative global sales in the two graphs. 
  156. ↑ The top 10 best-selling electric cars in 2017 (attention: only the pure electric cars from this source are considered, not the hybrid vehicles!). In: china.org.cn. February 9, 2018, accessed March 3, 2018 .
  157. ^ Tesla March Model S Registrations Rise in China, JL Warren Says. Bloomberg Business, accessed May 23, 2015 .
  158. ^ Tesla Demand Remains Low In China. Bloomberg Business, accessed May 23, 2015 .
  159. ↑ China: Tesla buyers receive license plates free of charge in Tianjin. Teslamag.de, accessed on May 23, 2015 .
Timeline of Tesla models since 2008
Type 2000s 2010s 2020s
7th 8th 9 0 1 2 3 4th 5 6th 7th 8th 9 0
Roadster Roadster
Middle class Model 3
Upper class Model S
SUV Model X
Model Y