Tesla Model 3

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Tesla
Tesla Model 3 6/19/19 JM 1.jpg
Model 3
Production period: since 2017
Class : Middle class
Body versions : limousine
Engines: Permanently excited synchronous machine with increased reluctance share: 190–377 kW
Length: 4694 mm
Width: 1933 (with exterior mirrors folded in) or 2088 (with exterior mirror) or 1849 (without exterior mirror) mm
Height: 1436 mm
Wheelbase : 2875 mm
Empty weight : 1610-1927 kg
Stars in the Euro-NCAP - crash test (2019) 5 Stars
Rear view of Model 3 Performance

The Tesla Model 3 is a battery-electric powered passenger car from the US manufacturer Tesla . It was presented as a prototype at the end of March 2016 and has been in production since July 2017, and has also been available in Europe since February 2019. With around 525,000 vehicles delivered, it is the best-selling electric car in the world.

history

The Model 3 was planned under the working title BlueStar and should be referred to as "Model E". However, this name was no longer available for vehicles. Tesla sees Model 3 as the third and final step in its three-stage strategy to make electric cars suitable for the masses.

In the morning hours of March 31, 2016, long queues of waiting customers formed in front of Tesla sales outlets around the world to reserve the car with a deposit of 1,000 US dollars or 1,000 euros without obligation. During the presentation of the car, it was revealed that over 115,000 reservations had been made in less than 24 hours. After two days the number rose to 276,000 vehicles, after a week to 325,000, which Tesla equated with an order value of 14 billion dollars. For comparison: with 450,000 vehicles produced (cumulative), the Nissan Leaf was the most successful electric car on the world market until mid-2019 (as of March 2020).

The sales price should be around $ 35,000 in the US. At the time of the presentation, this corresponded to around 32,000 euros, not including taxes (e.g. sales tax) or other duties that are incurred outside the USA.

Due to the high number of reservations, Tesla announced in May 2016 that it would significantly increase its production targets for the coming years. At the product launch, three vehicles were presented, two of which could be test driven. In February 2017, the production of prototype vehicles in the final form began, of which photos were published in April 2017.

In March 2017, Elon Musk announced that production should start in July 2017 and that by the end of 2017 they wanted to produce 5,000 vehicles of the type per week and increase this to 10,000 vehicles in February 2018. The drive unit will be manufactured in the Gigafactory in Nevada, as there is not enough space at the Fremont plant.

Instead of an extensive driving test, Tesla relied on the first delivery to employees. The first copies were handed over to employees in July 2017. Production started very slowly in the further course. 15 months after the start of production, the mark of 100,000 units was reached.

Only at the end of June 2018 did 5,000 Model 3 roll off the assembly line within a week. In that week, Tesla produced 5,031 Model 3 and 1,913 Model S and Model X, as the company announced in its quarterly report Q2 2018. This means that production had increased by 55 percent compared to the first quarter.

In July 2018, around 420,000 reservations had to be processed. According to Tesla Marketing, the interest arose organically. The product was not advertised by Tesla. At the end of December 2019, Tesla began production of the Model 3 in its Gigafactory 3 in Shanghai , China.

Launch

First Model 3 vehicles at the handover party to customers on July 28, 2017

Series production began on July 9, 2017 and on July 28, 2017 the first 30 vehicles were handed over to the customers in a handover party.

Production started at full speed during 2018. Elon Musk announced in March 2017 that it would produce 500,000 vehicles in 2018 and 1 million in 2020.

Elon Musk announced the construction of more plants for the Tesla Model 3 because the only factory in Fremont to date would be bursting at the seams with a production of one million vehicles per year.

The vehicles produced up to November 2018 all had the long-range battery (9,000 USD surcharge) and premium equipment (5,000 USD) and cost at least 49,000 USD “to simplify production”. Customers could choose between different drive types (see technical data ), for the colors between standard black and four other colors between USD 1,500 and USD 2,500 surcharge, and a maximum of 2 wheel variants. This is done in order to be able to start production as easily as possible. One learned from the mistakes of the start of production of Model X, in which there were too many choices, making the start very complex and error-prone. Therefore, there will never be the multitude of options as with the Model S or Model X. All vehicles are equipped with hardware for autonomous driving, the use of which is linked to the purchase of the autopilot functionality in various software configurations. A mid-range model version has been available in the USA and Canada since November 2018, and standard-range models of the Tesla Model 3 without premium equipment can also be ordered in North America since March 2019. Among them is the announced model for 35,000 US dollars, which should allow a range of 380 kilometers and is not equipped with an autopilot function.

Europe

Customers in Germany have been supplied since February 2019. The price in Germany starts at 43,990 plus a processing fee of 980 euros for the “Standard Range Plus” version. 54,090 euros plus 980 euros processing fee for the long-range variant with all-wheel drive (as of November 25, 2019). The Performance version costs 60,390 euros (plus fee). In March 2019, the Model 3 was the best-selling car in the Netherlands and Switzerland .

Since April 12, 2019, the “Standard Range Plus” variant has been available for order in Germany at a price of 44,390 euros (plus fee). After deducting the BAFA grant of 2,000 euros, you can get the SR Plus version for 42,390 euros. From the beginning of 2019 in North Rhine-Westphalia for a period up to February 19, 2020, commercially or freelance-bought e-cars below a permissible total weight of 2.3 t were additionally subsidized with 4,000 euros.

properties

Interior of the Tesla Model 3

The construction consists of steel and aluminum and is designed according to the standards for trucks, i.e. the car should last 1,600,000 km (1 million miles).

The design is based on the Model S and classic sedans, the length corresponds to the BMW F30 (BMW 3 Series) or the Mercedes-Benz series 205 (C-Class). The car has four doors, five seats and two trunk compartments (front and rear). As a special feature, similar to the Model X, a very large glass panorama roof is permanently installed over the rear seats, which means that the rear trunk opening is correspondingly smaller.

According to Tesla, the Model 3 is prepared for autonomous driving according to the SAE Level 5 standard. Today level 2 will be reached in good weather conditions . Only optical cameras, ultrasonic sensors and a radar sensor are installed as sensors. The system is not available in very poor visibility (heavy rain, snowfall). The function called “Autopilot” by Tesla is included as standard, while “Full potential for autonomous driving” can be ordered as an option. Any further development of the functionality is installed in the vehicles delivered using reloadable software.

The Model 3 has no instrument display behind the wheel, but a centrally on the dashboard -mounted liquid crystal - Touchscreen from LG with a diagonal of 38 cm (15  inches ). As it could be a fully autonomous vehicle , the displays of speed, etc. are no longer of interest to the people in the vehicle, Elon Musk commented on this design decision.

According to EPA documents, the asynchronous motor with squirrel-cage rotor previously used by Tesla is not installed in the Model 3 , but three-phase synchronous motors with permanent excitation by rare earth magnets . In order to achieve a high magnetic flux density , the permanent magnets of the rotor are made of neodymium-iron-boron . In the case of an asynchronous motor, the squirrel-cage rotor would become very hot during operation with continuous high power due to the efficiency that can not be increased .

The drive unit's inverter works with 24 modules, each containing two MOSFETs designed for 650 volts .

Since September 2019, the vehicles for the US market have been equipped with the system for artificial driving noises required there by law .

Battery technology

The battery pack used in Model 3 with a standard capacity of 50 kWh consists of 2,976 individual cells (type 2170), which are bundled into so-called “bricks” of 31 cells each. These bricks are located in four separate modules, the two outer modules each containing 23 bricks and the two inner modules each containing 25 bricks. The "long-range version" with 74 kWh delivered in 2018 has 4,416 cells. The Model S with 85 kWh battery pack has 7,104 single cells (type 18650), divided into 16 bricks. The cobalt content in the cathodes of the Li-ion cells used has been reduced to 2.8 percent. The state of the art in 2018 was around 8 percent, and many manufacturers even higher. For the next generation of cells, Tesla no longer wants to use cobalt for its cells.

The expected mileage (life distance) of the battery is specified by Tesla as 300,000–500,000 miles (1,500 cycles). Tesla guarantees eight years for the Model 3 with a standard or mid-range battery 100,000 miles (160,000 km) and with a long-range battery 120,000 miles (192,000 km), whichever comes first, with at least 70% battery capacity remaining beyond the warranty period.

Load capacity

The Model 3 Long Range can charge with up to 625 A, which corresponds to 250 kW with 400 V battery voltage. The 350 kW CCS fast chargers available in Europe from 2019 charge only with up to 500 A despite the cooled cables. This limits the charging power with battery voltages of 350 to 400 V to approx. 175 to 200 kW (at 800 V as in the Porsche Taycan twice as much). In the USA, Tesla uses its own plugs for higher currents. On Tesla Superchargers version 2, the current is limited to 300 A and the power to 120 kW. Tesla specifies a chargeable range of 270 km in 30 minutes for Germany. With the SuC V3 presented in 2019, of which only a few charging stations are still available, the Model 3 can charge with 250 kW peak power, which corresponds to a chargeable range of 120 kilometers in five minutes.

Charging in Europe is connected to a 230-volt outlet (max. 3 kW), on a type-2 charger (max. 11 kW in three phases. E.g. wallbox or a) CCS charging station possible. European superchargers were equipped with an additional CCS connector for Model 3 in 2019. The use of the Supercharger with a Model 3 is chargeable ("pay-per-use"), but free kilometers can be purchased for discount campaigns.

During a measurement, the ADAC found that the Tesla Model 3 LR's charging loss was 25%, the highest of all vehicles compared. A charge loss of 18% was determined for the Model 3 SR +. Loss of charge means that not all of the power used at the charging station charges the battery, but is used in other ways, e.g. B. in the charging station, in the charging electronics in the car or for temperature control of the battery during the charging process. The ADAC did not specify the conditions under which the charging losses were determined.

Technical specifications

Standard range Standard Range Plus Mid range Long range RWD Long range AWD Long range performance
production March 2019 - November 2019 since November 2019 October 2018 - March 2019 July 2017 - October 2018
March 2019 - June 2019 		since July 2018 since June 2018
Stern engine Permanent magnet synchronous machine with increased reluctance share
Front engine - Three-phase asynchronous machine
transmission 1-stage reduction gear
Battery capacity 50 kWh approx. 55 kWh ≈ 60-65 kWh 75 kWh
Range EPA: 354 km EPA: 386 km
WLTP: 409 km 		EPA: 418 km EPA: 538 km
WLTP: 600 km 		EPA: 496 km
WLTP: 560 km 		EPA: 496 km
WLTP: 530 km
Consumption per 100 km
(combined according to EPA) 		14.1 kWh 14.3 kWh 15 kWh 15 kWh 16 kWh 16 kWh
Engine power 225 kW (306 hp) 239 kW (325 hp) 202 kW (275 hp) Total: 324 kW (approx. 440 hp)
front: 121 kW (approx. 160 hp)
rear: 203 kW (approx. 280 hp)		 Total: 377 kW (approx. 510 hp)

Front: 158 kW (approx. 210 PS)
Rear: 219 kW (approx. 300 PS)

Vehicle registration DE: 100 kW DE: 110 kW DE: 120 kW DE: 153 kW
Max. Torque 402 Nm 420 Nm 420 Nm 493 Nm 660 Nm
Acceleration,
0-100 km / h 		5.9 s 5.6 s 5.5 s 5.3 s 4.6 s
(4.1 s after paid upgrade) 		3.4 s
Max. speed 209 km / h 225 km / h 233 km / h 261 km / h
Empty weight 1611 kg 1611 kg 1611 kg empty
1684 kg with driver and 		1672 kg 1726 kg 1847 kg
1967 kg (from July 2020) 		1860 kg
1967 kg (from May 2020)
Turning circle 11.6 m

Common to all versions:

  • Drag coefficient (c w ): 0.23
  • Current equipment for autonomous driving (as of July 2020): partial automation level 2 (can be activated for a fee)
  • Trunk front and rear
  • Glass roof

Sales figures

The Tesla Model 3 achieved a market share of around 32 percent in the mid-range premium segment in the USA in May 2018. In the third quarter of 2018, it was the best-selling car model in the United States by sales and the fourth best-selling by number of units.

The Model 3 is the world's best-selling electric car (cumulative). This title was carried by the Nissan Leaf with 450,000 units until about mid-2019 (as of January 2020).

Pre-orders

The Tesla Model 3 has been available for pre-order since March 31, 2016. In July 2018, a number of 420,000 open pre-orders were reported. It is unclear how many of these were converted into orders.

production

The Tesla Model 3 has been in production since July 2017. According to Bloomberg's forecast , around 54,000 vehicles were produced in the first year of production up to and including July 2018. In mid-October 2018, the milestone of 100,000 cars produced was reached.

Extraditions

The quarterly deliveries of Tesla grasp the Model 3 and Model Y together.

quarter Number of items Model 3 / Y source
2017 Q3 220
2017 Q4 1,550
2018 Q1 8,180
2018 Q2 18,440
2018 Q3 55,840
2018 Q4 63,150
2019 Q1 50,900
2019 Q2 77,550
2019 Q3 79,600
2019 Q4 92,550
2020 Q1 76,266
2020 Q2 80,050
total 604.296

Registration numbers

Germany

In the first quarter of 2019, 3,185 Model 3s were registered in Germany. This made it the best-selling electric car in Germany during this period, ahead of other purely electric models, e.g. B. the Renault ZOE (2,717 pieces), the BMW i3 (1,981 pieces) or the e-Golf (1,246). The Model 3 thus had a market share of 20% of the 15,901 new registrations of all-electric vehicles from January to March 2019.

In the first full sales year 2019, 9,013 Model 3s were newly registered in the Federal Republic of Germany.

year piece
2018
  
 5
2019
  
 9,013
2020 to July
  
 4,521
Registration figures in Germany, source: Federal Motor Transport Authority

Switzerland

In the first full sales year 2019, 5,028 Model 3s were newly registered in Switzerland and Liechtenstein. It was the fourth best-selling car in Switzerland.

See also

Web links

Commons : Tesla Model 3  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

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Timeline of Tesla models since 2008
Type 2000s 2010s 2020s
7th 8th 9 0 1 2 3 4th 5 6th 7th 8th 9 0
Roadster Roadster
Middle class Model 3
Upper class Model S
SUV Model X
Model Y