Elon Musk

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Elon Musk (2018)
Signature of Elon Musk

Elon Musk Reeve [ iːlɒn ɹiːv mʌsk ] (* 28. June 1971 in Pretoria ) is from South Africa originating and the United States acting entrepreneurs . He has both South African and Canadian citizenship by birth , and in 2002 he was also granted US citizenship. In addition to other ventures, he became known as a co-owner, technical director and partly also a co-founder of the payment service PayPal , the space company SpaceX and the electric car manufacturer Tesla .

Life

Musk's father, Errol Musk, is a South African mechanical engineer , and his Canadian mother Maye Musk (nee Haldeman) is a model , writer, and nutritionist . He has a younger brother, Kimbal , and a younger sister, Tosca . After the divorce of his parents in 1980 lived Musk most of the time with his father in South Africa. He was a victim of bullying during his childhood . He was hospitalized for a few days after a group of teenagers threw him down a flight of stairs and then beat him into unconsciousness.

Musk spent his school days at Bryanston High School and Pretoria Boys High School , where he finally completed his matric . Musk has been an avid reader since childhood. He also developed an interest in computers at the age of ten and began to work with programming languages ​​and programming his Commodore VIC 20 . At the age of twelve he developed the video game Blastar , which he sold to the computer magazine PC and Office Technology for $ 500  .

Shortly before his 16th birthday, Musk and his younger brother applied for passports at the Canadian embassy and emigrated to North America a year later to avoid military service in the South African army under the apartheid regime . His first destination was Canada, where he enrolled at Queen's University in Kingston . After moving to the USA, he graduated from the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia with a bachelor's degree in economics and physics . In 1995 he moved to Palo Alto , California and received a Ph.D. from Stanford University in 1995. -Admitted to the Applied Physics and Materials Science program . However, after just two days on campus, Musk decided to quit studying and start a business instead.

Musk was married from 2000-2008 to the Canadian writer Justine Musk (née Wilson), with whom he was already in a relationship during his time in Kingston. After the sudden infant death of their first son, the couple had five other sons, the twins Griffin and Xavier and the triplets Damian, Saxon and Kai. In 2010 he married British actress Talulah Riley , from whom he divorced in 2012. The couple remarried the following year, but Musk filed for divorce for the second time in 2014. Shortly afterwards, the divorce was reversed. In 2016, Riley finally filed for divorce. In 2017, Musk dated actress Amber Heard for a few months . Musk has had a relationship with Canadian singer Grimes since 2018 . In 2020 the couple had a son. Both of them initially gave the child's name as “X Æ A-12” and thus sparked a public debate around the world. But since the name contained both letters that are not in the modern English alphabet , as well as characters, Musk and Grimes changed the name to "X AE A-XII".

Musk has had his main residence in Austin, Texas, since 2020 . Before that, his main residence was in Bel Air , a district of Los Angeles . In May 2020 he announced that he would sell all of his private houses and that he would not own any houses in the future either.

In May 2021, he declared on an American comedy show that he had Asperger's Syndrome . In November 2021, during a debate on tax breaks for the super-rich on Twitter , Musk had a vote on whether to sell 10 percent of his Tesla shares in order to pay tax on the sale. After a majority vote in the affirmative, he began to implement his promise.

Entrepreneurial activities

Zip2 (1995)

In 1995, Musk and his brother Kimbal founded their first company, Zip2 , which served content for media companies. At the time, Musk said he had "a vague idea of ​​the opportunities a dot-com company, $ 2,000 in capital, a car, and a computer could offer." When computer maker Compaq bought the company in 1999 for $ 307 million, it was the highest price paid for an internet company to date; Musk himself was then able to draw on $ 22 million in capital through his stake.

X.com and PayPal (1999/2000)

Immediately afterwards, in 1999, Musk founded the company X.com , which developed an online payment system via email . As early as 2000, X.com merged with rival Confinity , which had specialized in a similar product called PayPal . PayPal became the most important online payment system in the world in the years that followed - generating $ 1.5 billion in sales when it was sold to eBay in 2002 . Musk held 11.7% of the company shares at the time, making it the largest shareholder. In July 2017, Musk repurchased the x.com domain from PayPal.

While Musk's Internet company opened up new markets with products that did not previously exist in this form, the business idea on which the entrepreneurial activities were based in the following years was different: Musk wanted expensive and technically complex products to be cheaper and suitable for mass production to offer.

Elon Musk inspects a heat shield in the SpaceX assembly hall (2008)

SpaceX (2002)

Launch of the fifth Falcon-9 rocket with a Dragon capsule to the ISS as part of the CRS-2 supply mission , 2013

Musk's third founding was the space company SpaceX in 2002 . He is CEO and chief rocket designer there. Thanks to its high cost efficiency, SpaceX has become the world's leading commercial provider of orbital rocket launches, especially for the transport of satellites into earth orbit, within 15 years . In addition, SpaceX has been supplying the space station ISS with the spaceship Dragon since 2012 . With the successor Crew Dragon , the first manned flight to the ISS took place in May 2020. Russia accused Musk of deliberately trying to push the Russian space transporters out of the market with discount prices.

The goal of SpaceX is to reduce the costs of space transport to such an extent that it becomes possible to settle people on other celestial bodies - in particular on Mars. A first groundbreaking step on this path was the establishment of a landable and reusable rocket stage in 2017. The second big step towards affordable space travel is to take place with the fully reusable Starship rocket that is currently in development . In the long term, flights for Martian settlers for less than US $ 500,000 per person are sought.

Tesla (2004)

Musk and Senator Dianne Feinstein next to a prototype of the Tesla Model S (2010)

Musk also invested in the spring of 2004 in the vehicle manufacturer Tesla , which specializes in the production of electric cars , with the aim of being in no way inferior to conventional comparable vehicles. He is the company's CEO and Product Architect . In mid-June 2014, under his aegis, the company released the patents it held in order to give the development of electric vehicles a boost. Based on the Internet meme All your base are belong to us , Musk put this idea under the deliberately grammatically incorrect motto : "All Our Patent Are Belong To You" (German: "All our patents are yours").

Since 2015, Tesla has also been manufacturing the Tesla Powerwall - energy storage systems for private households and companies.

SolarCity (2006)

In 2006, Musk and his cousins Peter Rive and Lyndon Rive founded the company SolarCity, which designs, sells, installs and, if requested, finances, leases and operates solar power systems. SolarCity was acquired by Tesla in 2016.

OpenAI (2015)

In 2015 the company OpenAI was founded in the form of a non-profit organization. It has set itself the goal of researching artificial intelligence ; this should serve the public, i.e. the whole of humanity. For this purpose, Elon Musk and other investors made a total of one billion US dollars available to the company. In February 2019, Musk announced that it was withdrawing from the project due to disagreements and conflicts of interest.

Neuralink (2016)

In July 2016, Musk founded Neuralink , which investigates ways of connecting the human brain to machines. In March 2017, Musk's participation in Neuralink was announced, but at the same time it was emphasized that the research project is still in the early stages.

The Boring Company (2016)

After Musk had tweeted the project in December 2016 to relocate inner-city traffic underground using a tunnel system, he founded The Boring Company that same month to implement his project . Among other things, he and the company intend to build a high-speed tunnel system in the Los Angeles area, to which the neighboring cities will also be connected. The Boring Company is also planning Hyperloop tunnel connections between New York , Philadelphia , Baltimore and Washington, DC

Thud (2018)

In March 2018, it was announced that Elon Musk was running a media company called Thud or Thud! founded. It should be active in the area of ​​" comedy ". For this he had already begun in 2017, employees of the satirical website The Onion poach that since working in Los Angeles in secret in the development of the company.

The website thud.com finally went online in March 2019. It shows the message “Thud is a comedy project that creates immersive satirical experiences” and a list of the authors involved. For example, six cookie-shaped links take you to the 6-minute personality test, meetploog.com or tacstorm.com, from the latter to YouTube posts. The first Thud project to be published was the DNA Friend website, a parody of DNS analysis services such as 23andMe and AncestryDNA .

Other projects

Hyperloop (2013)

In August 2013, Musk published a white paper in which he presented the Hyperloop project for long-distance passenger and freight transport: In a double tube, sealed capsules for 28 people on air cushions are to be accelerated to up to 1220 km / h and, according to Musk, one Covering a 600 km long route in 35 minutes is cheaper than a train. According to Musk, a dozen engineers from Tesla and SpaceX are working on the plans. The development is open, comparable to open source for software.

Several companies were founded to implement the Hyperloop concept : Hyperloop One , Hyperloop Transportation Technologies (HTT), TransPod , Hardt Hyperloop, Nevomo, Zeleros, and Arrivo, The Arrival Company , which was founded by former employees of Hyperloop One.

music

Musk released two songs, RIP Harambe and Don't Doubt ur Vibe , under the Emo G Records label in 2019 .

Assets and donations

With the success of the companies he founded, Musk became - as measured by the market value of his Tesla shares and SpaceX shares - a multiple billionaire and one of the wealthiest Americans. In 2015 he was ranked 25th of the richest people in the world. In April 2017, he was ranked 29th on Forbes' list of the richest Americans with a fortune of $ 14.8 billion . His net worth was valued at $ 20.7 billion by Forbes in August 2017, ranking him 12th on the list of the richest people in technology.

In 2019, Forbes estimated his net worth at $ 22.3 billion, making him the 40th richest person in the world. About two-thirds of that came from his stake in SpaceX, and about one-third from Tesla shares.

In October 2019, Elon Musk donated $ 1 million to the TeamTrees charitable project run by the Arbor Day Foundation and YouTuber MrBeast to have a million trees planted. Tobias Lütke , the founder of the Shopify trading platform , then announced that he would finance 1,000,001 trees.

In May 2020 - days before his sixth child was born - Musk announced on Twitter that he was selling most of his physical possessions, including all of his homes.

On January 7, 2021, Musk's net worth was estimated to exceed Jeff Bezos 's $ 185 billion , making him the statistically wealthiest person in the world for the first time . The value of his assets fluctuates daily with the price of Tesla shares. As the value of his companies continued to grow, his net worth rose to nearly $ 283 billion by October 2021.

Gigaton Scale Carbon Removal

In February 2021, the X-Prize Foundation and Musk announced the Carbon Removal X-Prize . The research prize competition, which has the highest value to date with US $ 100 million, aims to inspire teams around the world to participate in order to develop sustainable solutions for reducing carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) in the atmosphere . Musk made an initial announcement of the project at the end of January.

Opinions and Varia

  • Musk cites the key factor for visionary entrepreneurship as “developing products and services with his team that make sense for people”. In addition, you have to constantly make sure that you have taken the right path and be open to criticism .
  • Musk believes an unconditional basic income is necessary as many types of work could be automated by artificial intelligence (AI) in the future .
  • Musk expressed the view in 2016 that there is an overwhelming probability that humanity lives in a simulation and that the world is not real, but only one among billions of simulated worlds. He helped make digital physics assumptions and the simulation hypothesis known to the public.
  • Musk identified artificial intelligence as the greatest threat to humanity. This statement has since been criticized by many AI experts and called scare tactics. In the television documentary Do you trust this computer? Nevertheless, Musk warns that artificial intelligence could create an "immortal dictator".
  • In December 2017, Musk described public transport as "absolutely terrible" because it is shared with strangers and one of those strangers could be a potential serial killer. Musk responded to a comment from the audience that public transport worked very well in countries like Japan by referring to the notoriously extreme crowd in the Tokyo subway during the daily rush hour, when specially assigned platform staff force the passengers into the wagons . Musk's statements were widely criticized in public and in expert circles. After a few days there was an argument between Elon Musk, public transport expert Jarrett Walker and economist Paul Krugman . Walker said Musk's disgust at sharing space with strangers was a luxury (or a pathology) only the rich could afford, since transportation systems designed with the preferences of a wealthy minority in mind are usually not for the majority of the population Citizens are suitable. Musk replied, "You are an idiot". He later wrote, "Sorry [...], I wanted to say that you are a sanctimonious idiot." Paul Krugman commented on this with his amazement that "you are an idiot" seemed to be Musk's idea of ​​a convincing argument.
  • Musk described measures against the COVID-19 pandemic as fascist in 2020 because the curfews are not covered by the constitution and affect people's freedoms in a way that is terrible and wrong, and is not the reason people go after America came and built this country. On May 9, Musk announced plans to relocate Tesla's headquarters to Texas or Nevada due to ongoing corona restrictions in California and an "ignorant" health officer . He also threatened to withdraw the Californian production. He justified this with the fact that Tesla was the only automaker in the USA to be prohibited from resuming operations. He also announced that he would resume production, contrary to local instructions, even if he was imprisoned for it.
  • After Musk tweeted the share prices of cryptocurrencies in 2021 , the hacker group Anonymous accused him of ruining lives. Anonymous threatened him and also criticized the fact that the majority of Tesla's income does not come from the sale of cars, but from government subsidies and CO₂ tax credits that Tesla receives for its production with renewable energy and sells on to other companies. In addition, Anonymous Musk accused to have the own employees work in poor conditions and that Tesla, the raw materials for car batteries with child labor in lithium - mines get.

Quote

When asked about ambitious space projects, before which one could first solve the problems on earth, he replied:

“Our existence cannot just be about solving one miserable problem after another. There need to be reasons to live. "

“Our existence cannot consist of solving one wretched problem at a time. There must be reasons to live. "

- Elon Musk : Twitter

Awards (selection)

Film appearances

  • In March 2010, Musk appeared in the documentary The 4th Revolution - Energy Autonomy .
  • In 2010 he made a cameo as himself in the movie Iron Man 2 .
  • In 2013 he was in the film Machete Kills , in which he played himself, alongside his company SpaceX with Danny Trejo.
  • In 2014, Musk was briefly seen as a viewer at a lecture in the AI-critical film Transcendence .
  • In 2015, episode 12 of season 26 of the TV series The Simpsons , entitled The Musk Who Fell From Heaven , made Elon Musk the main subject of the episode.
  • In 2015, Musk had a guest appearance in episode 9 The Platonic Permutation of the 9th season of the hit series The Big Bang Theory , in which he played himself.
  • In 2016, Musk was in the movie What Does the Internet Dream About? by Werner Herzog. There he explained his autonomous driving projects like that of SpaceX, which is preparing the relocation of humans to Mars.
  • In 2016 Elon Musk was in the film Why Him? to see. In this scene he played himself.
  • In 2016 he appeared in the National Geographic series Mars .
  • In 2016, Musk was featured in some episodes of South Park's season 20 associated with SpaceX.
  • In 2016, Musk appeared as an expert on sustainable energies in the documentary Before the Flood by Fisher Stevens and Leonardo DiCaprio .
  • In 2017, Musk was seen in episode 6 of the first season of the series Young Sheldon .
  • In 2018, Musk was one of the protagonists in the AI-critical documentary Do You Trust This Computer? . He even advertised the film - which was available free of charge on the Internet for a weekend - via Twitter , helping it to attract a large number of viewers.
  • In 2019, Musk spoke in the third episode of the fourth season of the animated series Rick and Morty, the character of Elon Tusk, which was based on him .

literature

Web links

Commons : Elon Musk  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

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  2. ↑ Mark Gimein: Mark Gimein, Fast track, Elon Musk is poised to become Silicon Valley's Next Big Thing. What put him in the driver's seat? In: Salon.com , August 17, 1999, accessed July 31, 2017.
  3. ↑ Notker Blechner: Elon Musk. The egocentric do-gooder. In: boerse.ard.de , June 3, 2015, accessed July 31, 2017.
  4. ↑ Seth Masia: innovators. Peter and Lyndon Rive, SolarCity. A Family Leads to the Installer Universe. ( Memento from August 1, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) In: Solar Today , Vol. 25, No. 4, May 2011, pp. 22-24, (PDF; 88 pp., 15.5 MB).
  5. ↑ Statement by his biographer Ashlee Vance during an interview in the TV series Triangulation on the TWiT.tv network . The discussion about Musk's family life begins at the 15th minute: Triangulation 203 , June 8th, 2015.
  6. ↑ Dana Hall and Patrick May: Rocket Man: The otherworldly ambitions of Elon Musk. In: San Jose Mercury News on April 12, 2014, accessed July 31, 2017.
  7. ↑ Ashlee Vance: Elon Musk: Tesla, SpaceX, and the Quest for a Fantastic Future . Ecco, New York 2015, ISBN 978-0-06-230123-9 .
  8. ↑ Alec Hogg: Errol Musk: "Elon was beaten so badly, I couldn't recognize him." In: biznews.com. July 22, 2015. Retrieved July 31, 2017 (American English).
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  10. ↑ Ashlee Vance: Elon Musk: Tesla, SpaceX, and the Quest for a Fantastic Future. Ecco, New York 2015, ISBN 978-0-06-230125-3 .
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  13. ↑ Kerstin Kohlenberg : The man who wants to go to Mars. In: Die Zeit , December 31, 2008.
  14. ↑ Ashlee Vance, Elon Musk: Tesla, PayPal, SpaceX: How Elon Musk changed the world , FinanzBook Verlag, Munich 2015, ISBN 978-3-89879-906-5 , p. 23.
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  21. ↑ Elon Musk's baby name isn't just weird, it may be against California regulations . The Washington Post , May 8, 2020.
  22. ↑ Elon Musk and Grimes change their son's name - a bit . At: Spiegel Online , May 25, 2020.
  23. ↑ Jack Guy CNN: Elon Musk and Grimes have changed their baby's name. A bit. Retrieved September 25, 2021 .
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  25. ^ Gael Fashingbauer Cooper: Elon Musk and Grimes saved a surprise for son X Æ A-12's birth certificate. Retrieved September 25, 2021 .
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  27. ↑ Ines Zöttl, DER SPIEGEL: Elon Musk is selling his real estate: blank or mad? -. In: Spiegel.de . Retrieved December 10, 2020 .
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  33. ↑ Katrin Seiss: The content is puzzling: Elon Musk launches mysterious website. In: Chip , July 14, 2017.
  34. ↑ Edoardo Maggio: Elon Musk has launched the 'X.com' website he bought back from PayPal recently. In: Business Insider , July 14, 2017.
  35. ↑ tagesschau.de: SpaceX capsule docked on the ISS. Accessed June 1, 2020 .
  36. ↑ Rogozin accused Musk of selling seats in the Dragon at dumping prices in order to undermine the Russian market share. NZZ of October 30, 2018, p. 30
  37. ↑ Russian Space Agency Roscosmos Blames SpaceX For Its Woes , futurism.com, December 2, 2018
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  39. ↑ Elon Musk: Moving to Mars will cost less than $ 500,000, 'maybe even below $ 100,000' . CNBC, February 11, 2019.
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  52. ↑ Samantha Masunaga: Elon Musk says he's received verbal approval to build a hyperloop on the East Coast. In: Los Angeles Times , July 20, 2017.
  53. ↑ Todd Spangler: Elon Musk Says He's Formed a Media Company Called 'Thud' After Hiring Ex-Staffers of The Onion. In: Variety . March 14, 2018, accessed March 15, 2018 .
  54. ^ Maxwell Tani: Elon Musk Wanted to Buy 'The Onion,' Now His Team's Hiring Its Staffers for a Secret Project. In: The Daily Beast . March 13, 2018, accessed March 15, 2018 . .
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  56. ^ Scott Nover: A Satire Venture Co-founded by Elon Musk Arrives With a Thud. In: The Atlantic. March 4, 2019, accessed March 30, 2019 .
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  71. ↑ Team Trees celebs: From Jeffree Star and Shopify CEO Tobi Lütke to Elon Musk . In: Evening Standard , October 31, 2019.
  72. ↑ Elon Musk lists two Bel Air homes after promising to sell off his possessions . CNN, May 6, 2020.
  73. ↑ Elon Musk homes reportedly for sale after vow to sell possessions . BBC News, May 5, 2020.
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  76. ↑ Carbon Removal X Prize: Elon Musk praises the biggest incentive prize in history , Paul Siethoff in: Frankfurter Rundschau , February 10, 2021
  77. ↑ Elon Musk offers $ 100 million for CO2 conversion . In: t3n magazine , January 25, 2021
  78. ↑ Tesla boss Musk wants to donate a $ 100 million prize. In: Spiegel Online , January 22, 2021
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personal data
SURNAME Musk, Elon
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Musk, Elon Reeve
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Canadian-US multi-entrepreneur
BIRTH DATE June 28, 1971
PLACE OF BIRTH Pretoria , South Africa