Cabaña Real de Carreteros
The Cabaña Real de Carreteros was a merchant's organization that dominated long-distance trade in the Kingdom of Castile from 1497 until the early 19th century . It was recognized by the Catholic Monarchs in 1497 under the name Real Cabaña de Carreteros . From 1629 on it was officially called Cabaña Real de Carreteros, trajineros, cabañiles y sus derramas .
The privileges of the carreteros were based on the model of the Mesta , they were confirmed again in 1516 and 1533. The members of the Cabaña Real de Carreteros were exempt from all local taxes, had their own jurisdiction and the right to graze their oxen on all undeveloped areas of the kingdom. In return, the carreteros undertook to trade in the country in times of peace and to provide their equipment for the transport of troops in times of war.
The members of the Cabaña Real de Carreteros came from the cities of Old Castile , Madrid , Valladolid , Toro , Zamora , Salamanca and Tordesillas .
history
Between 1485 and 1489 carters from the villages around Soria and Burgos joined forces in the Hermandad de Carreteros Burgos-Soria . They transported guns and other armaments from San Ildefonso to Baza , where they were used for the siege of Granada .
In 1497, under the reign of Isabella I of Castile , the Real Cabaña de Carreteros was founded. It was renamed Cabaña Real de Carreteros, trajineros, cabañiles y sus derramas in 1629 in order to be able to accommodate other traders such as muleteers . From 1599 on, its members were subject to their own jurisdiction, there was a juez conservador , which was supposed to defend their privileges. He was also a member of the Consejo Real . Procuradores generales der Carreteros had their seat in Madrid, Granada and Murcia .
The cabaña consisted of regional hermandades ( brotherhoods ). The Hermandad of Burgos-Soria was the largest; at the end of the 17th century, 5000 ox carts were on the road for her. There were also the hermandades of Cuenca - Guadalajara , Navarredonda de Gredos ( province of Avila ) and Granada - Murcia.
During the Trienio Liberal in 1821, the privileges of the Cabaña Real de Carreteros were revoked, but restored with the return of absolutism in Spain. The Cabaña Real was dissolved in 1836. Transport by ox carts remained common in Spain for a long time, as the railway network could not be expanded due to the mountainous landscape. Only after the Spanish Civil War did the increasing motorization make the ox carts superfluous.
Trade routes
The trade routes of the carreteros followed a certain system: the oxen spent the winter on pastures south of Toledo . In April they transported charcoal from the Montes de Toledo to Talavera de la Reina , where it was needed for ceramic production. They arrived there in June. From there they moved to Seville , loaded with ceramics for export to America. They then turned north again, bringing salt to Coria and Plasencia . From there the carreteros turned to the southeast, loaded wood for the Almadén mine in the mountains of Alcudia , from where they in turn brought mercury to the coast for the gold mines in South America.
After spending the winter near Toledo, the ox caravans moved on a different route to Madrid and bought cattle there. In Segovia they exchanged the cattle for wool, which they transported to Vitoria. In Vitoria , the carts were loaded with iron that went to the Cantabrian coast. There the traders bought salt for the Bierzo and Ponferrada and moved further east to Pozas near Burgos . Here the roads parted, the carts brought salt to Valladolid , Salamanca and other cities in Castile.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Julius Klein : The Mesta: A Study in Spanish Economic History 1273–1836 ( Memento of the original from July 28, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . Harvard University Press, 1920, pp. 22-23 (PDF file; 16.88 MB)
