Calenberg
The Calenberg is an elevation in the Leiniederung near Pattensen in the Schulenburg district . It is located 13 km west of Hildesheim in the south of Lower Saxony on the edge of the low mountain range . It consists of a lime marl bank and is 70 m above sea level. NN and arose almost 100 million years ago at the beginning of the Upper Cretaceous in the Cenomanium . The Calenberg became historically significant due to the headquarters of the House of Hanover, which was built here as a castle, fortress and palace .
etymology
The word syllables Kal , Kalen- , Calen- in the word Calenberg go back to the word kal in the Middle High German and Middle Low German language and mean bare, naked, unwooded . The name formation with Kal , Kalen or Calen can also be related to the geological subsoil ( rocks, stones ). The word syllable -berg goes back to Old High German berg , Middle High German berc (g) , Middle Low German berch and the dialect word barch . It can refer to a mountain , a hill or a hill . So the word Calenberg means the same as bare mountain , bare hill or bare hill .
The word syllable Klei in the word Klei-Kamp goes back to the word klei in Old High German and Middle Low German and the dialect word klaibodden and means: heavy loam soil, fat earth, tough clay. The word syllable -Kamp goes back to the Old High German word champf as well as the Middle Low German and dialect word kamp and means enclosed piece of land . From the middle of the 17th century onwards, larger property plots are often given this name, even if they are not enclosed.
The word syllable Kälber in the word Kälber-Kamp goes back to the word kalver in Middle Low German and the word kälwer in the dialect and means calves . Parcels with the term calves served as calf pastures.
geography
The Calenberg lies in the nature reserve Calenberger Leinetal . It is bounded in the north by the Leine , in the west and south by the state road 460 and in the east by gravel ponds. The northern area is used agriculturally by the House of Hanover's Calenberg estate , while the moats, ramparts and ruins of Calenberg Castle and some of the former workers' houses of the Calenberg estate are in the south . The area of Calenberg Castle , together with the workers' houses in the north, is listed as a historical monument and is named Alt Calenberg on maps . The Hanover region measured Alt Calenberg with its tree population in 2008, assigned a number to each tree and labeled it with the number after the Hausgut Calenberg felled trees there in 2007-2008.
The houses of Lauenstadt are located south of Alt Calenberg on Landesstraße 460 . This settlement, founded as a city in 1327, never developed into a city. In 1613 it was last in the list of towns in the Principality of Calenberg . Until around 1900, Krammarkets were held north of Lauenstadt , where everyday items were sold at open stands.
geology
To the north of the moat of Calenberg Castle, next to the former workers' houses, there was an old quarry that supplied the stones for the foundation walls and fortifications of Calenberg Castle . There four meters of the cenomans that make up the Calenberg were exposed. The layers consisted of platy gray-white limestone , which in the upper parts was quite rich in fossils . Otto Seitz identified different varieties of ammonites (Mantelliceras Mantelli Sow., Turrilites costatus Lam., Schloenbachia varians) and Inoceramen (Inoceramus Cripsi Ment., Inoceramus tenuis Ment.). The quarry was used as a landfill in the second half of the twentieth century and then covered with mother earth.
archeology
There have been at least two barrows since the Bronze Age on the Calenberg. In 1840 two skulls were handed over to the Hannover Provincial Museum, which had been discovered in a barrow near the ruins of Calenberg ; the exact location of the barrow was not given at the time.
history
The calenberg castle (names of the later state: Schloss Calenberg and festivals Calenberg ; current name of the ruin: Alt Calenberg ) was a medieval lowland castle . It was built from 1292 by the Guelph Duke Otto the Strict in the Leineaue as a moated castle on the southern part of the Calenberg.
The Calenberg stood about 10 feet from the front of the building of the castle Calenberg between the former arms of the River Leine meadowlands out. It not only includes the area of Calenberg Castle, but also extends 500 meters further north to the Leine. Therefore the moat of the castle had to be worked more than ten meters deep into the limestone bank. When there is a strong flood, the Calenberg still protrudes as an island from the floods.
The name Calenberg indicates that the limestone marl bank was not overgrown, but protruded from the Leineaue as a bare mountain . In earlier times, the river terrace of the Leine had deposited gravel in the north and south of the marl bank, which were later covered with loess and alluvial clay . The builders of the moated castle used this gravel, loess and alluvial clay in the construction of the ramparts . At the beginning of the 16th century, the moated castle was converted into Calenberg Castle and the Calenberg Fortress. After the Thirty Years' War the Calenberg Fortress lost its military importance and was razed . Today it is a ruin with underground vaults surrounded by high walls.
Landfill
To the east of the former workers' houses, above the moat, was a large quarry that was built when Calenberg Castle was being built to extract building materials. The small- bore shooting club KKSV Schulenburg / Calenberg , founded on June 12, 1928, built a shooting range there in 1930 with a depth indicator in a lime tube and, from 1932, a rifle house . Since the low indicator stand was often under water, it was replaced by a high indicator stand between 1935 and 1936.
On April 26, 1949, the British occupying forces blew up the shooting range and all its equipment. The then Schulenburg / Leine community then used the quarry as a landfill and then covered it with mother earth. Today there is arable land above the landfill. Apart from the castle ruins and some former workers' houses, the Calenberg is used for agriculture by the Calenberg estate.
The State Office for Mining, Energy and Geology runs the landfill under the name Nordrand Alt Calenberg and under the location number 2530124004, speaks of a landfill area of 7570 m² and a landfill volume of 21990 m³ and mentions rubble, excavated soil, household waste and bulky waste as waste types.
cards
- Geological map of Prussia and neighboring German states. Delivery 265: Blatt Elze. No. 2089. Berlin 1927. With an accompanying booklet by Adolf Hoffmann: Explanations of the geological map of Prussia and neighboring German countries… Elze sheet. Berlin 1927.
- Field name map 1: 10,000 sheet 5/3 Gestorf of the district of Hanover, Cartography department, undated [1986].
- District of Hanover (Hrsg.): Flurnamenlexikon zur Flurnamekarte. Editing Heinz Weber Part 5,3: Gestorf. Series of publications: Field names collection of the district of Hanover. n.d. [1986].
- Field name map 1: 10,000 sheet 6/3 Alt-Calenberg of the district of Hanover, Cartography department, undated [1981].
- District of Hanover (Hrsg.): Flurnamenlexikon zur Flurnamekarte. Edited by Heinz Weber Part 6.3: Alt-Calenberg. Series of publications: Field names collection of the district of Hanover. no J. [1987].
Web links
- Landscape protection area "Calenberger Leinetal" (LSG-H 70) (PDF; 4.08 MB)
Individual evidence
- ↑ bald 2). In: Jacob Grimm , Wilhelm Grimm (Hrsg.): German dictionary . tape 11 : K - (V). S. Hirzel, Leipzig 1873, Sp. 27–30 ( woerterbuchnetz.de ). “Especially also from barren rocks, from mountains that have lost the forest: bald head of mountains, bald mountain peaks, bare rock faces, cf. the frequent mountain and place names Kahlenberg, Calenberg, Callenberg, Kahlenstein, also Kahlefeld…. "
- ↑ Landkreis Hannover (Hrsg.): Flurnamenlexikon zur Flurnamenkarte. Edited by Heinz Weber Part 6.3: Alt-Calenberg. Series of publications: Field names collection of the district of Hanover. o. J. (1987), pp. 77 and 79.
- ^ Geological map of Prussia and neighboring German states. Delivery 265: Blatt Elze. No. 2089. Berlin 1927. With an accompanying booklet by Adolf Hoffmann: Explanations of the geological map of Prussia and neighboring German countries… Elze sheet. Berlin 1927. Explanations p. 18.
- ^ Eckard Steigerwald: Pattensen. On the history and development of the villages (until the end of the 16th century). Publication and distribution: Stadt Pattensen 1986, p. 16.
- ↑ Assumed river arms are shown on the field name map 1: 10,000 sheet 6/3 Alt-Calenberg of the district of Hanover, Cartography Department, undated (1981). Today they are no longer recognizable in aerial photos because of the gravel mining.
- ↑ Gerd Lüttig: New results of quaternary geological research in the Alfeld-Hameln-Elze area. In: Geological Yearbook. Volume 77, Hanover, June 1960, p. 382.
- ↑ The KKSV Schulenburg / Calenberg now bears the name KKSV "Ernst August" Schulenburg - Calenberg von 1928 e. V. ( Memento of the original from August 17, 2005 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. .
Coordinates: 52 ° 12 ' N , 9 ° 48' E