Caliciviridae

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Caliciviridae
Norwalk.jpg

Human noroviruses in TEM
after negative contrasting
(marking corresponds to 50 nm)

Systematics
Classification : Viruses
Area : Riboviria
Empire : Orthornavirae
Phylum : Pisuviricota
Class : Pisoniviricetes
Order : Picornavirales
Family : Caliciviridae
Taxonomic characteristics
Genome : (+) ssRNA linear
Baltimore : Group 4
Symmetry : icosahedral
Cover : no
Scientific name
Caliciviridae
Left
NCBI  Taxonomy: 11974
ViralZone ( ExPASy , SIB): 32
ICTVdB Virus Code : 00.012

The family Caliciviridae (Caliciviruses) currently comprises four genera of non-enveloped viruses with a single-stranded, linear RNA with positive polarity . Caliciviridae cause various diseases in humans and animals, including rabbits , hares , pigs , cats , mice, cattle, whales , pinnipeds ( seals ) and reptiles . With the exception of the species of the genus Vesivirus , the respective caliciviruses show a narrow host range and can only be transmitted from one host species to another with difficulty.

morphology

The spherical virus particles of the Caliciviridae appear with negative contrast in the TEM about 27 to 40 nm in diameter (picture on the right with 50 nm marking), in the cryoelectron microscope 35–40 nm. In the TEM image, the caliciviruses show a small, cup-shaped indentation, from which they got their name (lat. calix : cup, cup). The particles are non-enveloped capsids made up of 90 dimers of the main structural protein. They show an icosahedral T = 3 symmetry .

Systematics

Internal system

There are various suggestions for the internal system. What they have in common is that the Calciviridae are divided into two main groups:

  • 'Sapovirus group': genera Lagovirus , Nebovirus , Vesivirus and Sapovirus (with the typical appearance of the virions)
  • 'Norovirus group': genus Norovirus together with other proposed genera (with small, rounded, structured virions)

The following cladogram is based on the suggestion by Siqueira et al. (2018), supplemented by proposed genera according to Mikalsen et al. (2014):

 Caliciviridae 
 "Norovirus group" 

" Salovirus "


   

Norovirus


   

" Tulane Virus "


   

" Recovirus "





 "Sapovirus Group" 

Lagovirus


   

Nebovirus


   

Vesivirus


   

Sapovirus






Template: Klade / Maintenance / Style

Partially deviating suggestions - without taking into account the positive genres - can be found in older publications such as B .:

  • Ian N. Clarke et al. (2017)
  • Ian N. Clarke et al. (2012)
  • Scipioni et al. (2008)
  • Espinosa, et al. (2004) - no deviation from Siqueira et al. (2018)

External system

In 2015, Koonin et al assigned the Caliciviridae taxonomically (due to their relationship) to a supergroup postulated by them, “Picornavirus-like superfamily”. The members of this proposed supergroup belong to different groups of the Baltimore classification , usually single-stranded RNA viruses of positive polarity ((+) ssRNA, Baltimore group 4), but they are also - like the Birnaviridae - double-stranded representatives (marked with dsRNA, Baltimore Group 3). This suggestion has now been replaced by the ICTV Master Species List # 35 of March 2020. A comparison of the cladograms can be found in Picornavirales §ICTV Master Species List # 35 .

literature

  • KY Green, RM Chancock, and AZ Kapikian: Human caliciviruses . In: David M. Knipe, Peter M. Howley et al. (Ed.): Fields' Virology . 4th edition. Philadelphia 2001
  • CM Fauquet, MA Mayo, et al. : Eighth Report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses , Family Caliciviridae pp. 843-851, London, San Diego, 2005

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ ICTV Master Species List 2018b v1 MSL # 34, Feb. 2019
  2. ↑ a b c d e ICTV: ICTV Taxonomy history: Rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus , EC 51, Berlin, Germany, July 2019; Email ratification March 2020 (MSL # 35)
  3. ↑ Ian N. Clarke et al. : The Calcivirus Pages: Bavovirus
  4. ↑ SIB: Lagovirus , on: ViralZone
  5. ↑ Ian N. Clarke et al. : The Calcivirus Pages: Minovirus
  6. ↑ Ian N. Clarke et al. : The Calcivirus Pages: Nacovirus
  7. ^ A b A. Scipioni, Axel Mauroy, Jan Vinjé, E. Thiry: Review of Animal Noroviruses. In: Veterinary Journal 178 (Jan 2008), pp. 32-45, Public Health Resources, University of Nebraska - Lincoln
  8. ↑ Turhan Turan et al. : Detection and Molecular Analysis of Bovine Enteric Norovirus and Nebovirus in Turkey . In: J Vet Res. , 2018 June; 62 (2), pp. 129–135., Doi: 10.2478 / jvetres-2018-0021 , PMC 6200295 (free full text)
  9. ↑ JR Smiley, KO Chang, J. Hayes, J. Vinjé, LJ Saif: Characterization of an Enteropathogenic Bovine Calicivirus Representing a Potentially New Calicivirus Genus . In: J Virol. , 2002 Oct; 76 (20), pp. 10089-10098. doi: 10.1128 / JVI.76.20.10089-10098.2002 , PMC 136553 (free full text)
  10. ↑ Feray Alkan et al. : Identification of a Bovine Enteric Calicivirus, Kırklareli Virus, Distantly Related to Neboviruses, in Calves with Enteritis in Turkey. In: J Clin Microbiol. , 2015 Nov; 53 (11), pp. 3614-3617. doi: 10.1128 / JCM.01736-15 , PMC 4609679 (free full text)
  11. ↑ Farkas T, Sestak K, Wei C, Jiang X (2008) Characterization of a rhesus monkey calicivirus representing a new genus of Caliciviridae. J Virol 82, pp. 5408-5416. doi: 10.1128 / JVI.00070-08
  12. ↑ Ian N. Clarke et al. : The Calcivirus Pages: Recovirus
  13. ↑ a b ICTV: Proposal 2018.014S
  14. ↑ Najoua Drouaz, Julien Schaeffer, Tibor Farkas, Jacques Le Pendu, Françoise S. Le Guyader; KE Wommack, Editor (Ed.): Tulane Virus as a Potential Surrogate To Mimic Norovirus Behavior in Oysters . In: Appl Environ Microbiol 81, pp. 5249-5256. American Society for Microbiology, July 7, 2015, PMID 26025893 , doi: 10.1128 / AEM.01067-15
  15. ↑ Ian N. Clarke et al. : The Calcivirus Pages: Salovirus
  16. ↑ SIB: Sapovirus , on: ViralZone
  17. ^ Y. L'Homme, R. Sansregret, E. Plante-Fortier, AM Lamontagne, M. Ouardani, G. Lacroix, C. Simard: Genomic characterization of swine caliciviruses representing a new genus of Caliciviridae . In: Virus Genes , 39, pp. 66-75, PMID 19396587 . Epub 2009 Apr 26.
  18. ↑ Ian N. Clarke et al. : The Calcivirus Pages: Valovirus
  19. ^ B. Di Martino, V. Martella, F. Di Profio, C. Ceci, F. Marsilio: Detection of St-Valerien-like viruses in swine, Italy .] In: Vet Microbiol. , 2011 Apr 21; 149 (1-2), pp. 221-224. doi: 10.1016 / j.vetmic.2010.10.008 , PMID 21115307 . Epub October 16, 2010
  20. ↑ Go Sato, Hisayuki Ido, Masahiro Kiuchi, Michiyo Kataoka, Kazuhiko Katayama, Yukinobu Tohya: Characterization of St-Valerien-Like Virus Genome Detected in Japan, in: J Vet Med Sci. , 2014 Jul; 76 (7), pp. 1045-1050. doi: 10.1292 / jvms.13-0468 , PMC 4143647 (free full text), PMID 24662519
  21. ↑ SIB: Vesivirus , on: ViralZone
  22. ↑ Ian N. Clarke et al. : The Calcivirus Pages: Sanovirus
  23. ↑ Ian N. Clarke et al. : The Calcivirus Pages: Secalivirus
  24. Jump up ↑ Jacob F. Kocher, Lisa C. Lindesmith, Kari Debbink, Anne Beall, Michael L. Mallory, Boyd L. Yount, Rachel L. Graham, Jeremy Huynh, J. Edward Gates, Eric F. Donaldson, Ralph S. Baric ' ; W. Ian Lipkin (Ed.): Bat Caliciviruses and Human Noroviruses Are Antigenically Similar and Have Overlapping Histo-Blood Group Antigen Binding Profiles. In: mBio May 2018, 9 (3) e00869-18; doi: 10.1128 / mBio.00869-18
  25. ↑ Malak M. El-Hazmi; Julius Chambers (Ed.): Viral Gastroenteritis , GI T Block, Microbiology: 2013, Slide 24
  26. ↑ Juliana D. Siqueira, Maria Gloria Dominguez-Bello, Monica Contreras, Orlana Lander, Eric Delwart: Complex virome in feces from Amerindian children in isolated Amazonian villages. In: Nature Communications 9 (1), December 2018, doi: 10.1038 / s41467-018-06502-9
  27. ↑ Aase B Mikalsen, Pål Nilsen, Marianne Frøystad-Saugen, Karine Lindmo, Trygve M Eliassen, Marit Rode, Øystein Evensen: Characterization of a Novel Calicivirus Causing Systemic Infection in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.): Proposal for a New Genus of Caliciviridae. In: PLoS ONE 9 (9): e107132, September 2014, doi: 10.1371 / journal.pone.0107132
  28. ↑ Ian N. Clarke et al. : The Calicivirus Pages: Calciviridae , on: The Pirbright Institute, UK (2006–2017)
  29. ^ Ian N. Clarke, MK Estes, Kim Y. Green, GS Hansman, Nick Knowles, Marion Koopmans, DO Matson, G. Meyers, John Neill, A. Radford, AW Smith, Michael Studdert, H.-J. Thiel, Jan Vinjé: Caliciviridae, Virus taxonomy: the classification and nomenclature of viruses. In: The ninth report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses, January 2012, pp. 977-986.
  30. ↑ Sarbelio Moreno Espinosa, Tibor Farkas, Xi Jiang: researchgate.net. In: Seminars in Pediatric Infections Diseases 15 (4), pp. 237–245, November 2004, doi: 10.1053 / j.spid.2004.07.004
  31. ^ Eugene V. Koonin, Valerian V. Dolja, Mart Krupovic: Origins and evolution of viruses of eukaryotes: The ultimate modularity , in: Virology from May 2015; 479-480. 2-25, Epub March 12, 2015, PMC 5898234 (free full text), PMID 25771806
  32. ↑ ICTV: ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1 , New MSL including all taxa updates since the 2018b release, March 2020 (MSL # 35)