Camposanto Monumentale
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The Camposanto Monumentale (German: monumental cemetery ) is a cemetery complex in Pisa .
The Camposanto is the northern end of the Piazza dei Miracoli with the cathedral , the baptistery and the famous Leaning Tower . The Gothic facade with marble blind arcades acts like a backdrop.
history
The cemetery is said to contain traditions from Earth from the Holy Land , which Archbishop Ubaldo de 'Lanfranchi is said to have brought back from his journey with the Crusaders in 1203. The rectangular structure was started in 1278 by Giovanni di Simone , interrupted after the defeat at the Battle of Meloria and only completed around 1358.
Inside, the Camposanto has the shape of an elongated cloister with arched arcades that surrounds a courtyard with green lawn and cypress trees . Late antique sarcophagi are still housed inside as burial places . They served the nobles of Pisa as graves as early as the Middle Ages and were initially set up around the cathedral in Pisa.
Before the severe destruction of Camposanto by the bombs of the Allied forces in World War II, the walls were painted with frescoes . After the war they were removed from the walls using the A-strappo technique and restored. Under the plaster layer, so-called sinopias of the frescoes came to light, which were also removed from the walls and can now be viewed in the Museo delle Sinopie .
The Florentine Buonamico Buffalmacco is ascribed the most famous cycle of frescoes depicting a triumph of death (Trionfo della Morte), the Last Judgment, hell and the life of the holy hermits, the so-called Thebais . Previously they were attributed to Francesco Traini.
In the southern part, the stories of Job by Taddeo Gaddi were painted in 1342 , the stories of Saint San Ranieri by Antonio Veneziano from 1384 to 1386 and the stories of Saints Efisio and Potito by Spinello Aretino from 1390 to 1391 . In the northern part, the Stories of Genesis by Piero di Puccio were painted from 1389 to 1391 and are on display in the Cappella dal Pozzo . This last part was completed between 1468 and 1483 by Benozzo Gozzoli with stories about the Old Testament . The eastern part of the Camposanto Monumentale was painted with frescoes between the 16th and 17th centuries.
In Germany, similar cemeteries were built based on the Camposanto model. With the exception of the Stadtgottesacker in Halle (Saale) , which was built in 1557, all German Camposanto cemeteries have been lost in the past centuries due to city expansions, wars or the abandonment of the cemetery facilities.
Web links
- The Open University - History of Art
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Literature: Friederike Wille: The Allegory of Death in Camposanto in Pisa, Munich 2002
Individual evidence
- ↑ The Pisan Death Allegory in the History of Research. ( Memento of the original from November 27, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF file; 72 kB)
Coordinates: 43 ° 43 ′ 26 " N , 10 ° 23 ′ 41" E