Candida (fungi)

Candida
Different types of Candida on agar plate
Systematics
Department : Ascomycota mushrooms Subdivision : Saccharomycotina Class : Saccharomycetes Order : Real yeast (Saccharomycetales) Family : incertae sedis Genre : Candida
Scientific name
Candida
Berkhout

Candida is a genus of fungi whose representatives grow yeast-like : They form round to egg-shaped individual cells thatmultiplythrough budding (sprouting fungi , " yeast fungi "). This means that new cells are formed by a mother cell by growing out and constricting daughter cells, so-called "blastoconidia". It is characteristic of the Candida genusthat, depending on the environmental conditions, the daughter cells that emerge from budding remain short or grow into long cells. As a rule, only short yeast-like cells are formed at higher oxygen concentrations; longer hyphae -like cells are also formed at low oxygen concentrations. Through multiple budding of a mother cell, threads ( hyphae ) are formedon the one hand, which branch at the cell boundaries, so that a mycelium-like structure emerges, a so-called pseudomycelium. On the other hand, in addition to another long hyphae-like cell, several round to oval, i.e. yeast-like cells, are sometimes formed at the ends of the hyphae-like cells. Candida species do not form spores , they are "asporogenic".

About 150 species belong to the genus Candida . Candida species grow in the laboratory as large, round, white or cream-colored ( albicans means “whitish”) colony on agar plates .

As symbionts, some Candida species are a normal part of the intestinal flora of vertebrates and insects. Some types are pathogenic , they cause mycoses in humans and animals, referred to here as candidoses . This is particularly true of the species Candida albicans . Candidiasis are treated with antifungal drugs .

The most important species of the genus Candida is Candida albicans , another Candida species is Candida dubliniensis , which in some cases causes opportunistic infectious diseases in HIV- positive patients.

Harmless Candida

• Candida robusta Diddens & Lodder - baker's yeast, outdated for syn. Saccharomyces cerevisiae Hansen, 1883
• Candida boidinii - a methylotrophic yeast species , d. that is, it is capable of growth with methanol oxidation as an energy source and methanol as a carbon source.
• Candida utilis - playsa rolein the production of kefir (old synonym : Torulopsis utilis , Torula utilis )
• Candida kefyr - (obsolete) syn. For the sexual form ( teleomorph ) of Kluyveromyces marxianus

Several types are potential pathogens ( pathogenic Candida , "yeast"):

• Candida albicans (CPRobin) Berkhout
• Candida auris - detected in the ear of a Japanese woman in 2007, in Austria for the first time in 2018, resistant to many antimycotics, dangerous
• Candida blankii
• Candida stellatoidea
• Candida dubliniensis Sullivan et al
• Candida famata
• Candida glabrata (HWAnderson) SAMey. & Yarrow
• Candida guilliermondii

• Candida krusei (Castell.) Berkhout
• Candida lusitaniae Uden & Carmo Souza
• Candida parapsilosis (Ashford) Langeron & Talice
• Candida tropicalis (Castell.) Berkhout

One type is used as a fungicide against fruit rot:

• Candida oleophila

Web links

Commons : Candida (mushroom)  - album with pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

1. ^ SO Suh, NH Nguyen, M. Blackwell: Yeasts isolated from plant-associated beetles and other insects: seven novel Candida species near Candida albicans . In: FEMS Yeast Res . tape 8 , no. 1 , February 2008, p. 88-102 , PMID 17986254 .
2. ↑ DJ Sullivan, TJ Westerneng, KA Haynes, DE Bennett, DC Coleman: Candida dubliniensis sp. nov .: phenotypic and molecular characterization of a novel species associated with oral candidosis in HIV-infected individuals. In: Microbiology . tape 141 , no. 3 , February 1995, p. 1507-1521 , PMID 7551019 .
3. ↑ Candida robusta in the Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)
4. ↑ Uniprot: Taxonomy - Candida boidinii (Yeast) , accessed on July 24, 2016
5. ↑ CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Center: Yeasts species - Candida boidinii , accessed July 24, 2016
6. ↑ Y. Sakai, TK Goh, and Y. Tani: High-frequency transformation of a methylotrophic yeast, Candida boidinii, with autonomously replicating plasmids which are also functional in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In: Journal of Bacteriology . tape 175 , no. June 11 , 1993, pp. 3556-3562 , PMC 204756 (free full text).
7. ↑ Werner Heinz: infections caused by fungi. In: Marianne Abele-Horn (Ed.): Antimicrobial Therapy. Decision support for the treatment and prophylaxis of infectious diseases. With the collaboration of Werner Heinz, Hartwig Klinker, Johann Schurz and August Stich, 2nd, revised and expanded edition. Peter Wiehl, Marburg 2009, ISBN 978-3-927219-14-4 , pp. 269–287, here: p. 273.
8. ↑ peg.org Non_Albicans
9. ↑ Styrians infected with "Japanese" yeast orf.at, June 5, 2018, accessed June 5, 2018.
10. ↑ medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com Medical Dictionary
11. ↑ laborlexikon.de
12. ^ M. Mari, P. Bertolini, GC Pratella: Non-conventional methods for the control of post-harvest pear diseases. In: J Appl Microbiol . tape 94 , no. 5 , 2003, p. 761-7666 , PMID 12694440 (English).

This article is about a health issue. It is not used for self-diagnosis and does not replace a diagnosis by a doctor. Please note the information on health issues !