Carl Eduard Cramer (publicist)

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Carl Eduard Cramer

Carl Eduard Cramer (born April 26, 1817 in Langenbach (Vogtland) , † April 30, 1886 in Leipzig ) was a private scholar and petty-bourgeois, democratic publicist in Leipzig. In 1844 he took over the Sächsische Vaterlands-Blätter as editor . He was one of the leaders of the moderate anti-republican wing of the Leipzig Fatherland Association and advocated the “ constitutional monarchy ”.

Life

Origin, high school and studies 1817–1839

Carl Eduard Cramer's father Johann Friedrich August Cramer was a pastor in Langenbach. Even with the other ancestors there were mainly cantors and pastors who exercised their office in Thuringia.

500 years Jubilee of the University of Leipzig

Carl Cramer attended the Lyceum zu Plauen (grammar school from 1835) from 1827 to 1834. In 1834 he moved from the Vogtland to Leipzig to study theology and philosophy at the University of Leipzig from May 2, 1834 to June 1, 1839.

Private life

He was married on December 27, 1843 in the Thomaskirche in Leipzig with Friederike Henriette Dorothea Jacobine Wirth. His wife Friederike Henriette Dorothea Jacobine geb. Wirth was the great cousin of Johann Georg August Wirth and the daughter of the royal postmaster Franz August Wirth from Hof ​​in Bavaria. If we trace back their line of ancestors, we mainly come across craftsmen and merchants. The marriage resulted in three sons and two daughters.

Carl Eduard Cramer was the father of Rudolf Lavant (actually Richard Cramer).

Act

The period from the Vormärz to the Revolution of 1848/49

Fraternity Kochei

On August 12, 1839, Carl Eduard Cramer became an honorary member of the Old Leipzig Burschenschaft / " Kochei " (after the name of the Koch inn in Fleischergasse, where the pub was). With the honorary members Robert Blum, Georg Günther and Carl Cramer, the Leipzig fraternity reached its heyday. In 1852 the fraternities in Leipzig were banned again. The Leipzig fraternity continued to exist underground until 1855.

German Fatherland Association

Carl Cramer was a member of the German Fatherland Association in Leipzig. In addition to Robert Blum and Heinrich Wuttke , he was a member of the provisional committee of this association . The same names can also be found in a directory on "Leipzig's Wühler und Wühlerinnen", in which the term Wühler is equated with revolutionary.

The German Fatherland Association in Leipzig was divided into a right center and a left center. The right center to which CE Cramer belonged was called Bertling'scher Vaterlands-Verein.

Each burrower was represented according to his character:

CE Cramer; simple burrower. Motto: “Always move slowly so that I can keep up with the Vaterlandblatt.” Like Bertling, likes to be broad and doctrinal in the stands; firm in his view (but “he sees no reaction ”) and very active in his work; large figure, black-brown, with henriquatre (goatee).

Fatherland Papers, last edition
No. 154, of December 31, 1850.
The Saxon Fatherland Papers

On August 17, 1844, Carl Eduard Cramer took over as editor of the Saxon Fatherland Papers . In an introductory contribution, he announced his political views.

On December 23, 1845, the fatherland papers were banned.

Because of the ban on the Vaterlandsblätter , Carl Cramer took a different route to publish his opinion. In January 1846 he published the pamphlet A flying sheet from the fatherland . Voices from the Fatherland followed in February and, in December, the identical “A flying leaf from the Fatherland”, with the subtitle “The Ministry of the Interior and - I!”. In 1847 he published Saxon Conditions .

The Vaterlandsblätter did not appear again until April 1, 1848, several editors took over the papers: Robert Blum, Carl Eduard Cramer, J. Georg Günther and, as the editor in charge, Dr. Rudolph Rüder .

Robert Blum was shot dead by the "victorious reaction" for his participation in the October uprising in Vienna in 1848. The close relationship between the two revolutionaries is evident from the fact that the martyr Blum wrote a letter to his comrade Cramer the morning before his execution:

Letter to C. Cramer dated November 9, 1848.

Dear friend!
It's five o'clock, and at six o'clock I'll be - shot. So just two words: Farewell, you and all friends. Slowly prepare my wife for fate - war. Write my last greeting to Günther. I die a man - it has to be.
Farewell! Farewell!
Blum

On the morning of November 13th, Carl Cramer appeared at Jenny Blum's, with the most ungrateful of all tasks; it was given to him by Blum himself. Son Hans remembers: “I will always remember the terrible scene. Like my poor mother, I understood what Cramer was trying to say more when he hesitantly replied to her suggestion that she wanted to travel to Vienna herself: 'I'm afraid - you will be late.' "

Cramer edited the Vaterlandsblätter until 1850. On December 31, 1850, Carl Eduard Cramer published the “! Vorwärts! Fatherland Papers ”.

Cramer was repeatedly punished for his political articles in the fatherland newspapers to prison terms, which were often converted into fines. There are e.g. B. from the holdings of the "United Criminal Police Office" the files Rep. I No. 7372, 12 818 and 15 259c. These files were created between 1845 and 1851 and are 66, 145 and 271 sheets thick (usually written on both sides). He is listed in it for spreading disturbing rumors, for defamation of honor and for publicly degrading religion and provoking the government.

The last entry from 1853 reads:

7.lt. Crim. Act. No. 15065 in 1853 was punished with 3 weeks imprisonment for public degradation of religion and incitement against the government by pardon.
Carl Eduard Cramer
Writers Association

In the winter of 1840/41 the Leipzig writers joined forces. At the instigation of Robert Blum and Robert Heller, 17 Leipzig writers gathered for the founding meeting of the literary association in January 1842.

The "Leipziger Literatenverein" called itself from 1846 "Leipziger Writerserverein".

Carl Cramer was a member of the Leipzig Writers' Association founded by his friend Robert Blum .

Heinrich Wuttke headed the Leipzig Writers' Association from 1852 to 1863, after which Dr. J. Fürst , Dr. Friedrich Friedrich, Dr. Gustav Eduard Benseler and G. Sandbank held this office. Carl Eduard Cramer took over the role of secretary from 1863 to 1870 and from 1876 to 1883 he was chairman of the writers' association.

State Lexicon

At the end of 1847, Cramer and the popular democratic politician Robert Blum began to publish a popular state lexicon, which was also Blum's most important article during his work as editor. The thirty most extensive definitions of terms by Carl Cramer bear his signature, the longest article with ten pages is the "Bund" (German Confederation, Federal Act, Federal Assembly, Bundestag, Federal Decrees).

In the first volume the terms from A to K are dealt with. The second volume was continued from his handwritten estate by like-minded people after the death of Robert Blum and went on sale in 1851. It contains the terms L to Z. This popular state encyclopedia was Blum's most important work while he was editor.

The time of the founding era

The Landhaus in Dresden in 1843
Member of the state parliament

In 1849/50 the writer Cramer represented the 27th electoral district (Borna) in the second chamber of the Saxon state parliament . There are two volumes of the communications on the negotiations of the Ordinary Landtag in the Kingdom of Saxony during the years 1849 and 1850 of the Second Chamber. Carl Cramer was recorded there with over one hundred requests to speak. Mention should also be made of his speech at the forty-third public session on March 6, 1850 on "The German Constitutional Affair."

Viennese press

Between 1863 and 1865 Carl Eduard Cramer wrote articles for the Viennese press in the magazines “Der Adler” and the “Leipziger Abendpost”. Carl Cramer was the editor of the magazine “Der Adler, Zeitung für Deutschland”, which appeared from November 2, 1861 to December 31, 1864, and was supported by Prof. Wuttke. The paper was supposed to replace the “Leipziger Journal”. The eagle only existed for two years, however, and the paper had proven to be too expensive an organ that the Vienna treasury could no longer hold.

In place of the "eagle" came the "Leipziger Abendpost" on January 1, 1865. A daily in larger format that, like the “Adler”, represented the Saxon-Austrian policy against the Prussian one and was to be distributed in central and northern Germany. The publisher was the bookseller Otto Voigt, it was printed by Ludwig Roßberg. In the war of 1866 the paper was banned after Prussia invaded Saxony.

Writers' Day in Leipzig 1865

On August 19 and 20, 1865, all writers in Germany were invited to the Writers' Day in Leipzig, signed by Hermann Friedrich Friedrich as chairman and Carl Cramer as secretary. The subject of the negotiations was the formation of a general German Writers' Union, the establishment of the concept of literary property and reprinting, and the German theater situation and the royalty for stage writers.

The Leipzig event house "Odeon" at Elsterstrasse 12, opened in 1847 as an Odeon from 1868 to 1895 Tonhalle, later the Sanssouci establishment, destroyed in the Second World War
Popular assembly in the Odeon of 1866

In the people's assembly of 1866 in the great hall of the Odeon in Leipzig, which was directed against the war drive of Prussia against Austria, spoke in front of about 5000 people, first Heinrich Wuttke then Carl Eduard Cramer the other speakers were the young August Bebel , Wilhelm Liebknecht and Friedrich Wilhelm Fritzsche etc.

With the pamphlet “Saxony's present and future, a warning to the Saxon people”, Carl Cramer directed himself sharply against Otto von Bismarck on October 14, 1866 , because he claimed supremacy in Germany by all means and therefore began a war with Austria.

Civil rights

On December 19, 1872, Carl Cramer, who previously had the status of a protective relative , obtained the civil rights of the city of Leipzig.

Petition to the German Reichstag in 1873.

On behalf of the Leipzig Writers' Association, Carl Cramer sent a petition to the German Reichstag in 1873 , asking it to reject the new draft law through the press. The Leipzig Writers' Association did not want to lose the basic rights of 1848.

proofreader

Cramer probably earned most from proofreading, either for magazines or for authors and their works. For example, Cramer worked as a proofreader for the "Leipziger Zeitung" . C. Cramer worked for the lawyer and legal historian Professor Gustav Friedrich Hänel as a proofreader for decades . In 1862 he corrected the history of French literature by Dr. Hermann Semmig .

death

Carl Cramer married as a private scholar and died as a writer at the age of 69 on April 30, 1886 in Leipzig / Reudnitz. He was buried in the New Johannisfriedhof (today Friedenspark).

Works

  • Voices from the fatherland. Carl Eduard Cramer. Published by Robert Friese, Leipzig 1846, digital
  • A flying leaf from the fatherland . Carl Eduard Cramer. Published by Robert Friese, Leipzig 1846, digital
  • A flying leaf from the fatherland. The Ministry of the Interior and - me! Carl Eduard Cramer. Published by Robert Friese, Leipzig 1846, digital
  • Saxon conditions. Carl Eduard Cramer. Leipzig 1847. In: Constitutional yearbooks by Dr. Carl Weil, Jg. 2. Verlag Adolph Krabbe, Stuttgart 1847, pp. 44-82. digital
  • Saxony's present and future. A warning to the Saxon people. Carl Eduard Cramer (published anonymously). Printing and publishing: Roßberg'sche Buchhandlung, Leipzig 1866, digital
  • Gerd Cramer (Ed.): Carl Eduard Cramer. His life and work in times of upheaval and upheaval . For the 200th birthday of Carl Eduard Cramer * 26. April 1817 † 30. April 1886. Pro Business, Berlin 2017, ISBN 978-3-86460-640-3

Letters

literature

  • Franz Ulrich Nordhausen: Leipzig's rooters and rooters . Self-published, 1849
  • Handbook of Political Science and Politics A state encyclopedia for the people. Founded by Robert Blum, Leipzig: Verlag von Heinrich Matthes Second volume 1851 S.VII
  • Letters from a German citizen (two letters to the editor of the Vaterlandsblätter) from Otto Wigand_Leipzig 1851 PPN 318835266
  • Memories of a Social Democrat . First volume. Wilhelm Blos, 1914, p. 148
  • Hans Uhlig: Life and work of Rudolf Lavants . Dissertation. Greifswald 1965
  • Blum letters and documents. Reclam, Leipzig 1981, pp. 90 f., 93, 95, 125
  • Wolfgang Emmerich:  Lavant, Rudolf. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 13, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1982, ISBN 3-428-00194-X , p. 745 ( digitized version ).
  • Ralf Zerback: Robert Blum. A biography . Lehmstedt, Leipzig 2007, ISBN 978-3-937146-45-4 , pp. 289, 297
  • Peter Reichel: Robert Blum. A German revolutionary 1807–1848 . Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2007, ISBN 978-3-525-36136-8 , pp. 69, 175
  • From Robert Blum's life (5) . In: The Gazebo . Issue 23, 1878, pp. 378 ( full text [ Wikisource ]).
  • Wilhelm Blos: Memories of a Social Democrat . 1st volume. The people's state .
  • Sächsische Vaterlands-Blätter , Vol. 1–5, 1840–1845.

Web links

Wikisource: Carl Eduard Cramer  - Sources and full texts
Commons : Carl Eduard Cramer  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ The register of the University of Leipzig: The years 1832 to 1863, Jens Blecher, Gerald Wiemers, University of Leipzig, Publishing House and Database for the Humanities, 2006, page 87.
  2. ^ Hanna Delf von Wolhaben, Itta Shedletzky, Christine Hehle: Theodor Fontane and Wilhelm Wolfsohn, an intercultural relationship . 2006, p. 317.
  3. ↑ Reinhard Vogelsang, Rolf Westheider: A region on the move: the revolution of 1848/49 in Ostwestfalen-Lippe . Verlag für Regionalgeschichte, 1998, p. 193.
  4. ^ Juliane Brandsch, Andreas Herzog: The literary Leipzig: cultural-historical mosaic of a book city . Ed. Leipzig, 1995, p. 180.
  5. ^ Franz Ulrich Nordhausen: Leipzig's Wühler und Wühlerinnen, Daguerreotypes and club figures . Self-published, 1849, pp. 10, 12 and 31.
  6. ^ Carl Eduard Cramer 1817–1886 . In: Sächsische Vaterlandsblätter , August 17, 1844, No. 131, p. 525 f.
  7. ↑ A flying leaf from the fatherland
  8. ^ Voices from the Fatherland .
  9. ↑ A flying leaf from the fatherland. The Ministry of the Interior and - me!
  10. ^ Carl Eduard Cramer: Saxon conditions . Leipzig 1847. In: Dr. Carl Weil: Constitutional Yearbooks . Vol. 2. Verlag Adolph Krabbe, Stuttgart 1847, pp. 44-82.
  11. ^ "Deutsche Zeitung" Heidelberg, October 26, 1847, No. 118, p. 940
  12. ^ Sächsische Vaterlandsblätter: Carl Eduard Cramer 1817–1886 , from December 9, 1848, No. 227, p. 952
  13. ↑ Ralf Zerback: Robert Blum. A biography . Lehmstedt, Leipzig 2007, p. 297.
  14. ↑ Last edition of the Vaterlandsblätter No. 154 of December 31, 1850.
  15. ↑ Development and changes in the objectives, the structure and the effects of the professional associations . Volume 6. 1966, p. 90 ff.
  16. ↑ Popular handbook of political science and politics. Two volumes 1851
  17. ↑ List of the members of the Saxon State Parliament 1849/50
  18. ↑ Statistical Bureau in the Ministry of the Interior (ed.): State Handbook for the Kingdom of Saxony 1850 , p. 46
  19. ↑ Communications on the negotiations of the ordinary parliament in the Kingdom of Saxony during the years 1849 and 1850, Second Chamber, Volume 1
  20. ↑ Communications on the negotiations of the ordinary parliament in the Kingdom of Saxony during the years 1849 and 1850, Second Chamber, Volume 2
  21. ^ Subject index on the royal Saxon state parliament negotiations in 1849 and 1850
  22. ^ The Leipzig newspaper press under the supervision of Austria in the 19th century . In: Wiener Geschichtsblätter , 49th year, 1994, issue 2.
  23. ↑ German Museum. Journal of literature, art and public life. 1865 July - December page 191.
  24. ^ "To the German writers" . In: Nürnberger Abendzeitung , August 1, 1865, No. 211.
  25. ↑ Magazine for the Literature of Foreign Countries , 1865, No. 35, p. 499.
  26. ↑ Allgemeine Deutsche Arbeiter-Zeitung , Arbeiterbildungsverein in Coburg, May 13, 1866, pp. 1013, 1014
  27. ↑ "Saxony's present and future, a reminder to the Saxon people". The anonymously written book comes from Carl Eduard Cramer, as evidenced by a letter to Mr. Haenel dated December 28, 1866.
  28. ^ Collection of all printed matter of the German Reichstag. I. legislative period. IV. Session 1873. No. 59, page 1, 23-24.
  29. ^ Letters from Carl Eduard Cramer to the lawyer and legal historian Gustav Friedrich Hänel
  30. ^ Rubric / Died . In: Über Land und Meer , Illustrierter Unterhaltungsblatt, 1886, 28th year, 56th volume, No. 35, p. 776, Textarchiv - Internet Archive
personal data
SURNAME Cramer, Carl Eduard
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German publicist in Leipzig, MdL
DATE OF BIRTH April 26, 1817
PLACE OF BIRTH Langenbach
DATE OF DEATH April 30, 1886
Place of death Leipzig