Carl Neuberg

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Carl Neuberg (second from left, in the background) at the inauguration of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute in Berlin Dahlem, 1913. Also from right: Adolf von Harnack , General Doctor von Ilberg, Wilhelm II., August von Trott zu Solz .

Carl Neuberg (born July 29, 1877 in Hanover , † May 30, 1956 in New York ) was a German biochemist .

Life

Carl Neuberg studied chemistry at the University of Berlin , where he received his doctorate in 1900 as an academic student of Alfred Wohl . In 1903 he became a private lecturer and in 1906 adjunct professor at the Institute of Pathology. From 1909 to 1913 he headed the Animal Physiological Institute at the Agricultural University in Berlin . From 1916 he was a professor, from 1919 a full professor at the University of Berlin, where he was forced to retire on September 30, 1934 due to the law on civil servants.

From 1913 Neuberg headed the Biochemistry Department of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Experimental Therapy. This institute was renamed the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Biochemistry in 1925. He remained its director until his dismissal due to his Jewish origins in 1934. His successor was Adolf Butenandt . He then founded with Theodor Sabalitschka in Berlin-Steglitz, the "Biological-Chemical Research Institute". In 1939 he emigrated to the USA via France, the Netherlands and Palestine, where he carried out further research at various institutes in New York.

plant

Neuberg worked on fermentation and the effects of enzymes . He discovered carboxylase . In 1906 he founded the " Biochemische Zeitschrift ", which he published until 1935. He enjoyed "great scientific reputation as one of the founders - and namesake - of modern biochemistry".

Furthermore, during the First World War, he developed a method of extracting glycerine , which is important for the military (for example for dynamite), from a capture process in which certain chemicals stopped alcoholic sugar fermentation. This avoided the extraction of fats that are important for nutrition. This glycerine fermentation (at that time kept secret) was technically implemented by Wilhelm Connstein and Karl Lüdecke at the Vereinigte Chemische Werke AG in Berlin-Charlottenburg (see Benno Jaffé ) (they received the Adolf von Baeyer medal for this ).

Memberships

Fonts (selection)

  • with Albert Albu: Physiology and Pathology of Mineral Metabolism. In addition to tables on the mineral composition of human food and beverages as well as mineral fountains and baths. Springer, Berlin 1906.
  • as editor: The urine as well as the other excretions and body fluids of humans and animals. Their examination and composition in normal and pathological conditions. A handbook for doctors, chemists, and pharmacists. 2 volumes. Springer, Berlin 1911.
  • with Bruno Rewald: The simple types of sugar. In: Emil Abderhalden (Ed.): Biochemisches Handlexikon. Volume 2: Rubber Substances. Hemicelluloses. Plant slimes. Pectin substances. Humic substances. Strength. Dextrins. Inulins. Celluloses. Glycogen. The simple sugars. Carbohydrates containing nitrogen. Cyclose. Glucosides. Springer, Berlin 1911, pp. 265-526.

literature

  • Ekkehard Hieronimus : Carl Neuberg , in: Life and fate. On the inauguration of the synagogue in Hanover , with photos by Hermann Friedrich et al., Publisher: Landeshauptstadt Hannover, press office, in cooperation with the Jewish Community of Hanover eV, Hanover: [Beeck in commission], [1963], pp. 176-181
  • Hinderk Conrads, Brigitte Lohff: Carl Neuberg - Biochemistry, Politics and History. The life and work of an almost displaced researcher (= history and philosophy of medicine. 4). Steiner, Wiesbaden 2006, ISBN 3-515-08894-6 .
  • Michael Engel:  Neuberg, Carl. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 19, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1999, ISBN 3-428-00200-8 , p. 102 f. ( Digitized version ).
  • Lothar Jaenicke : "Before I’m so surprised, I’ll not say". Carl Neuberg 1877-1956. In: Biospectrum. Vol. 7, No. 2, 2001, ISSN  0947-0867 , pp. 133-136 .
  • Carl Neuberg . In: Karin Orth: Expulsion from the science system. Commemorative book for the committee members of the DFG expelled under National Socialism, Stuttgart: Steiner 2018 (Contributions to the History of the German Research Foundation; 7), pp. 310-324. ISBN 978-3-515-11953-5

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Louis Fieser, Mary Fieser: Organische Chemie , Verlag Chemie Weinheim, 2nd edition, 1972, p. 1335, ISBN 3-527-25075-1 .
  2. ↑ Karin Orth: Expulsion from the science system. Memorial book for the committee members of the DFG who were expelled under National Socialism . In: Rüdiger von Bruch; Ulrich Herbert (Ed.): Contributions to the history of the German Research Foundation . tape 7 . Stuttgart 2018, ISBN 978-3-515-11955-9 , S. 316 .
  3. ↑ Reinhard Rürup, with the participation of Michael Schüring: Fates and Careers: Memorial book for the researchers expelled from the Kaiser Wilhelm Society by the National Socialists. Wallstein 2008, p. 276
  4. ^ Hinderk Conrads, Brigitte Lohff: Carl Neuberg - Biochemistry, Politics and History. 2006, p. 73.
  5. ↑ Holger Krahnke: The members of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen 1751-2001 (= Treatises of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen, Philological-Historical Class. Volume 3, Vol. 246 = Treatises of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen, Mathematical-Physical Class. Episode 3, vol. 50). Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2001, ISBN 3-525-82516-1 , p. 177.
  6. ^ Member entry by Carl Neuberg at the German Academy of Natural Scientists Leopoldina , accessed on February 12, 2016.
  7. ^ Member entry of Carl Neuberg at the Bavarian Academy of Sciences , accessed on February 12, 2016.
personal data
SURNAME Neuberg, Carl
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German biochemist
DATE OF BIRTH July 29, 1877
PLACE OF BIRTH Hanover
DATE OF DEATH May 30, 1956
Place of death New York City