Caspar Tauber

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Caspar Tauber († September 17, 1524 in Erdberg near Vienna ) was a Protestant martyr .

Life

Tauber may have come from Brno in South Moravia . From 1508 he lived as a cloth merchant in Wiener Neustadt , from 1511 in Vienna. He soon enjoyed considerable prosperity, so that in 1519 he appeared as the “cloth arborist” and in 1521 was one of the “named” who held the tasks of the city government.

After coming into contact with Protestant ideas and being convinced of them, Tauber wrote a pamphlet on the Reformation. In it he criticized the auricular confession , the intercession of saints and the doctrine of purgatory . The origin of Tauber's position on the Lord's Supper , which he consistently interprets symbolically, is controversial . The most likely assumption seems that he had gained knowledge of Ulrich Zwingli's work and theology , who also represented a consistently symbolic interpretation. It is also possible that he combined elements of Waldensian theology with Luther's views .

In 1524 Tauber was finally arrested and held in the Kärntnerturm in Vienna. He finally revoked his previous convictions. As a sign of repentance he was on three Sundays in habit of a penitent - bareheaded, and a rope around his neck barefoot candle in hand - standing at the gate of St. Stephen's Cathedral and publicly revoked also he should live long black cross as a sign of heresy on the Wear clothing. For September 8, 1524 it was agreed that it should be publicly revoked. But on that day he refused, instead he referred to the Bible and appealed to the kingdom. On September 17, 1524, he was finally taken to the place of execution in Erdberg early in the morning and beheaded. His body was cremated - as is customary with alleged heretics; his ashes were scattered in the Danube. Tauber is considered to be one of the first Lutheran martyrs in what is now Austria (another Lutheran known by name was Martin Hofmann, who was executed in Carinthia in 1549 ); Luther was very impressed by Tauber's courage.

In 1894 the Taubergasse in Vienna- Hernals (17th district) was named after him.

The Evangelical Church in Germany honors him with a memorial day in the Evangelical Name Calendar on September 16 .

The trial against Tauber has "not yet been processed historiographically according to today's analytical standards".

literature

  • Johannes von Revellis: A very good story like Caspar Tawber Burger in Vienna in Austria for a heretic who was sentenced to death and expelled. Breslau 1524 ( digitized version )
  • sN: A herbermlich story So the pious Christian one Tauber of Vienna in Austria happened, on the day of the birth Marie Anno 1524. For the sake of the Ewangelion, from the geystlickeyt damned vn [d] vorurteylt. Wittenberg 1524
  • Leonhardt Guttmann: Caspar Tauber's responsibility, who was sentenced to Vienna and briefly taught who obeys God's word. 1524
  • Carl von Otto: Tauberiana ; in: Yearbook of the Society for the History of Protestantism in Austria (JGPrÖ) 4 (1883), pp. 1-19 (von Otto describes four old original writings or leaflets that concern Caspar Tauber, of which "Eyn warhrachtig geschicht ..." as early as 1524 was spread)
  • Peter F. Barton (ed.): The history of the Evangelicals in Austria and Southeast Central Europe: In the shadow of the peasant wars - The early days of the Reformation ; Vienna: Evangelical Press Association in Austria, 1985; Pp. 196-206; ISBN 3850731995
  • Egon Hajek : You should be my witness. Life paths of a German confessor. Historical novel ; Graz: Leopold Stocker Verlag , 1938
  • Daniel Heinz:  Tauber, Caspar. In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). Volume 11, Bautz, Herzberg 1996, ISBN 3-88309-064-6 , Sp. 572-573.  ( Article / beginning of article in Internet archive )
  • Alexander Nicoladoni:  Tauber, Kaspar . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 37, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1894, pp. 423-429.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Lyndal Roper: The man Martin Luther: The biography . S. Fischer Verlag, 2016, ISBN 978-3-10-490181-7 , note 927 ( limited preview in Google Book Search [accessed November 24, 2017]).
  2. ↑ Caspar Tauber in the Ecumenical Lexicon of Saints
  3. ↑ A. Burkardt / G. Schwerhoff (Ed.), Tribunal of the Barbarians? Germany and the Inquisition in the Early Modern Period. Konstanz / Munich 2012. p. 10.
personal data
SURNAME Deaf, Caspar
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Tauwer, Caspar
BRIEF DESCRIPTION evangelical martyr
DATE OF BIRTH 15th century
DATE OF DEATH September 17, 1524
Place of death Erdberg (Vienna)