Cato Maximilian Guldberg

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Cato Maximilian Guldberg (left) and Peter Waage in 1891

Cato Maximilian Guldberg (born August 11, 1836 in Kristiania (now Oslo ), † January 14, 1902 in Kristiania) was a Norwegian mathematician and chemist . Together with his brother-in-law Peter Waage , he formulated the law of mass action in 1864 . In 1890 he formulated the Guldberg rule .

Life

Guldberg completed a science degree in Kristiana in 1859 and became a math teacher at the Royal Military Academy in 1860. After long trips through France, Germany and Switzerland, he became a teacher of applied mathematics at the Royal Military College. There he also taught advanced mechanics from 1863 until his death. In addition, Guldberg worked from 1867 at the Kristiana University, since 1869 as a professor of applied mathematics.

The University of Uppsala awarded him an honorary doctorate in 1877 . Guldberg was a knight of the Wasa Order (1866), the Dannebrog Order (1872), the North Star Order (1882) as well as a knight (1891) and commander (1896) of the Saint Olav Order .

Guldberg was a committed Freemason ; he became a knight of the royal Swedish order Charles XIII. which is reserved for Freemasons.

plant

The work of Guldberg and Waage was influenced by the work of Marcelin Berthelot and Péan de Saint-Gilles on the formation and decomposition of esters (Ann. Chim. Phys., 1861--1863). At that time they also used the now outdated but then common idea of ​​a chemical force. The first paper by Guldberg and Waage appeared in the treatises of the Norwegian Academy of Sciences in Norwegian in 1864, followed by a more extensive treatise in French in 1867 (with a modified theory). Their work was taken up by Julius Thomsen in Denmark in 1869 , for example , and August Friedrich Horstmann in 1873, especially after the publications by Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff in 1877, they had the impression that they were once again drawing attention to their discoveries in a more widely distributed magazine what happened in 1879 (Van 't Hoff then gave them priority). In the work of 1879, they also included molecular kinetic and energetic aspects, which Horstmann (1873) and Leopold Pfaundler (1867, 1874) did (the first applications of the second law of thermodynamics to chemical equilibria, soon after by Josiah Willard Gibbs expanded). Irishman John Hewitt Jellett also came across the law of mass action independently in 1873.

Fonts

  • Thermodynamic Treatises on Molecular Theory and Chemical Equilibria (1867, 1868, 1870, 1872). Translated from Norwegian and edited by R. Abegg, Ostwalds Klassiker 139, Leipzig 1903, Archive
  • with Peter Waage: Investigations into chemical affinities (1864, 1867, 1879). Translated and edited by Richard Abegg. Ostwalds Klassiker 104, Leipzig 1899, archive
    • Therein: Studies on Affinity I (Norwegian), Forhandlinger i Videnskabs-Selskabet i Christiania 1864, ´Études sur les affinités chimique, Christiania (Oslo) 1867, About chemical affinity, Erdmanns Journal für Praktische Chemie, Volume 127, 1879, p . 69–114 (published simultaneously in Norwegian in Forh. Vid. Selsk 1879)

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Winfried R. Pötsch, Annelore Fischer and Wolfgang Müller with the assistance of Heinz Cassebaum: Lexicon of important chemists , VEB Bibliographisches Institut Leipzig, 1988, p. 181, ISBN 3-323-00185-0 .
  2. ^ Anton Frans Karl Anjou: Riddare af Konung Carl XIII: s orden 1811-1900. Biografiska anteckningar. Eskjö 1900, p. 180f.
  3. ↑ Published in Ostwalds Klassiker, Volume 173, 1910.
  4. ^ EW Lund, Guldberg and Waage and the law of mass action, Journal of Chemical Education, Volume 42, 1965, p. 548.
  5. ↑ You published this in French in Les Mondes, Volume 12, 1864, pp. 107–113 as early as 1864.
personal data
SURNAME Guldberg, Cato Maximilian
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Norwegian mathematician and chemist
DATE OF BIRTH August 11, 1836
PLACE OF BIRTH Christiania
DATE OF DEATH January 14, 1902
Place of death Kristiania