Charles Stark Draper Prize
The Charles Stark Draper Prize is awarded biennially by the United States National Academy of Engineering , annually between 2001 and 2015, to engineers whose skills have contributed significantly to the advancement of technical development, the reputation of engineering, the quality of life or promote access to information.
The award, which comes with a cash prize of $ 500,000, is named after Charles Stark Draper , MIT professor and founder of the MIT Instrumentation Laboratory (now Draper Laboratory), who is considered the "father of the inertial navigation system ".
Award winners
| year | person | power |
|---|---|---|
| 1989 | Jack Kilby and Robert Noyce | Development of the monolithic integrated circuit (independent of each other) |
| 1991 | Sir Frank Whittle and Hans Joachim Pabst von Ohain | Development of the jet engine (independent of each other) |
| 1993 | John W. Backus | Development of Fortran , one of the first high-level programming languages |
| 1995 | John R. Pierce and Harold A. Rosen | Development of communications satellite technology |
| 1997 | Vladimir Haensel | Invention of platforming |
| 1999 | Charles K. Kao , Robert D. Maurer , and John B. MacChesney | Development of fiber optic cables |
| 2001 | Vinton G. Cerf , Robert E. Kahn , Leonard Kleinrock, and Lawrence G. Roberts | Development of the Internet |
| 2002 | Robert Langer | Biotechnical basics of new types of application of drugs |
| 2003 | Ivan A. Getting and Bradford W. Parkinson | Development of the Global Positioning System |
| 2004 | Alan Kay , Butler Lampson , Robert W. Taylor, and Charles P. Thacker | Development of the Xerox Alto , the first personal computer |
| 2005 | Minoru S. Araki , Francis J. Madden , Edward A. Miller , James W. Plummer, and Don H. Schoessler | Design, development and operation of Corona , the first earth observation system in space |
| 2006 | Willard S. Boyle and George E. Smith | Invention of the CCD chip , the light-sensitive component of digital cameras |
| 2007 | Tim Berners-Lee | Development of the World Wide Web |
| 2008 | Rudolf Kálmán | Development of the Kalman filter |
| 2009 | Robert H. Dennard | Invention and further development of the DRAM |
| 2010 | not awarded | |
| 2011 | Frances H. Arnold and Willem Stemmer | for their contributions to directed evolution , a process that allows the creation of certain properties in proteins and cells to be controlled. |
| 2012 | T. Peter Brody , George H. Heilmeier , Wolfgang Helfrich and Martin Schadt | for their contributions to the development of liquid crystal displays (LCD). |
| 2013 | Martin Cooper , Joel S. Engel , Richard H. Frenkiel , Thomas Haug and Yoshihisa Okumura | for their pioneering work on the world's first mobile network , its system and its standards. |
| 2014 | John Goodenough , Yoshio Nishi , Rachid Yazami and Akira Yoshino | for their contributions to the development of the lithium-ion battery. |
| 2015 | Isamu Akasaki , George Craford , Russell Dupuis , Nick Holonyak and Shuji Nakamura | for the invention, development and commercialization of materials and processes for light emitting diodes . |
| 2016 | Andrew J. Viterbi | for his development of the Viterbi algorithm and its application in the field of wireless digital communication and speech recognition |
| 2018 | Bjarne Stroustrup | for the concept and development of the programming language C ++ |
| 2020 | Jean Fréchet , C. Grant Willson | for the invention, development and commercialization of chemically reinforced materials for micro- and nanofabrication, which made the extreme miniaturization of microelectronic devices possible |