Charles Thomas Maillard de Tournon
Charles Thomas Maillard de Tournon (born December 21, 1668 in Turin , † June 8, 1710 in Macau ) was a cardinal of the Roman Church .
Life
Coming from the Savoyard aristocracy, Maillard de Touron studied at the University of Nice , where he obtained a master's degree in theology on August 28, 1688 and a doctorate in both rights on January 23, 1690.
After his ordination on June 12, 1695, he became an auditor of Cardinal Baldassare Cenci and then the private treasurer of Pope Clement XI. who also made him Prefect of the Dottrina Cristiana .
Pope Clement XI. appointed him not only on December 5, 1701 titular Patriarch of Antioch and on December 8, 1701 as papal assistant to the throne , but also donated him the episcopal ordination on December 21 or 27, 1701 himself .
On July 4, 1702 he was appointed Apostolic Visitator and Legate a latere for China and East India. On February 9, 1703, he left for the east. Here he should create order and among other things lead the missionaries and congregations back to the Roman liturgy and bind them more closely to the Apostolic See. After spending some time in India, he traveled to China via the Philippines . In December 1705 the Chinese Emperor Kangxi welcomed him in a friendly manner in Beijing. He was imprisoned in 1707 after the excommunication of the Catholics living in China, who continued to adhere to a naturalized ritual, had been pronounced. The emperor sent a protest delegation consisting of Jesuits to the Pope.
Created cardinal priest on August 1, 1707 , he was not assigned a title church .
He was later appointed papal envoy to Macao. The question was to what extent Confucian customs were compatible with Catholicism. The local Jesuits had a very liberal stance here, which was criticized by the Franciscans and Dominicans . Pope Clement XI. had sent Maillard De Tournon to settle the dispute, but ultimately the papal envoy died without having made a decision on the issue. It was only shortly before his death that he learned of his cardinal revolt.
His body was transferred to Rome by his successor in Macao, Carlo Ambrogio Mezzabarba , where he was buried in the church of the Propaganda Fide congregation on September 27, 1723.
Works
The cardinal's memoirs were published in eight volumes in Venice in 1771.
literature
- Claudia von Collani: Tournon, Charles-Thomas Maillard de. In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). Volume 12, Bautz, Herzberg 1997, ISBN 3-88309-068-9 , Sp. 374-377.
- Michael Ott: Charles-Thomas Maillard De Tournon . In: Catholic Encyclopedia , Volume 15, Robert Appleton Company, New York 1912.
- Gilles van Grasdorff: La belle histoire des missions étrangères 1658–2008 . Editions Perrin, Paris 2007, ISBN 978-2-2620-2566-3 .
Web links
- Maillard de Tournon, Charles Thomas. In: Salvador Miranda : The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church. ( Florida International University website), accessed December 7, 2016.
Individual evidence
- ^ A b c François Angelier: Dictionnaire des Voyageurs et Explorateurs occidentaux du XIIIe au XXe siècle . Pygmalion (Éditions Flammarion), Paris 2011, ISBN 978-2-7564-0156-0 , p. 666 .
- ↑ António de Albuquerque Coelho (Portuguese)
- ↑ Vida de António de Albuquerque Coelho ( Memento from June 4, 2002 in the Internet Archive )
| predecessor | Office | successor |
|---|---|---|
| Michelangelo Mattei |
Latin Patriarch of Antioch 1701–1710 |
Giberto Borromeo |
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Maillard de Tournon, Charles Thomas |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Cardinal of the Roman Church |
| DATE OF BIRTH | December 21, 1668 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Turin |
| DATE OF DEATH | June 8, 1710 |
| Place of death | Macau |