Bastard goosefoot

Bastard goosefoot
	Bastard goosefoot [ Chenopodiastrum hybridum ]
Systematics
Order :	Clove-like (Caryophyllales)
Family :	Foxtail family (Amaranthaceae)
Subfamily :	Chenopodioideae
Tribe :	Atripliceae
Genre :	Chenopodiastrum
Type :	Bastard goosefoot
Scientific name
	Chenopodiastrum hybridum
	( L. ) S. Fuentes , Uotila & Borsch

The bastard goosefoot ( chenopodiastrum hybridum (L.) P. Fuentes, Uotila & Borsch , Syn. : Chenopodium hybridum L. ), also Unechter goosefoot , Stechapfelblättriger goosefoot or Sautod-goosefoot called a domestic in Central Europe representative of the subfamily is chenopodioideae the Amaranthaceae . Due to its leucine content, it is said to be toxic to pigs.

Inflorescence close up

Illustration of the bastard goosefoot

Fruit cluster

description

The bastard goosefoot is an annual herbaceous plant . It reaches heights of growth of 30 to 70 cm, the roots reach up to 120 cm deep. The plant is stinky, when young it is lightly floured, later it becomes bald. The stem is erect, simple or branched, angular and with furrows.

The leaves are stalked, glandless and glabrous. The leaf blade is egg-shaped-triangular to broadly seven- or nine-cornered, roughly dentate, the teeth are large and entire. The blade is long, pointed, truncated to heart-shaped at the base. It is 5 to 20 cm long and 5 to 16 cm wide.

The inflorescence is a pyramidal panicle. The flower clusters are in terminal or axillary false ears or in umbels. The five bracts are only fused at the base, spread out. When the fruit ripens, they spread, the seeds are then visible. There are five stamens and two to three stigmas .

The seed is 1.75 to 2.0 mm in diameter, black, and has crater-like dimples.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 18.

ecology

The bastard goosefoot is a food plant for the caterpillars of the Log-blade tensioner ( Pelurga comitata ).

Distribution and locations

The bastard goosefoot occurs in Europe , India and Asia in the temperate climate zone up to the People's Republic of China .

The species is an archaeophyte in Central Europe . It is common in the Pannonian region , otherwise rather rare. It occurs from the colline to the montane elevation . In Tyrol it rises to 1383 m. They are found scattered in the weed corridors of hacked fields, in gardens, on debris and dung sites, and in rock grottos. It prefers nutrient-rich humus soils of all kinds. According to Ellenberg , it is a semi-light plant, a freshness indicator, a pronounced nitrogen indicator and a class character of ruderal societies and related arable and garden weed societies (Chenopodietea).

Systematics

It was first described as Chenopodium hybridum in 1753 by Carl von Linné in Species Plantarum 1, p. 219. Molecular genetic investigations showed that the species does not belong to the goosefoot in the narrower sense. Therefore, it was placed in the newly described genus Chenopodiastrum in 2012 by Suzy Fuentes-Bazan , Pertti Uotila and Thomas Borsch . Chenopodiastrum hybridum (L.) S. Fuentes, Uotila & Borsch is grouped in the Atripliceae tribe .

Synonyms that are based on the same type specimen are Chenopodium hybridum L. , Atriplex hybrida (L.) Crantz and Botrys hybrida (L.) Nieuwl. Other synonyms are Anserina stramonifolia (Chev.) Montandon , Chenopodium angulatum Curtis ex Steud. , Chenopodium angulosum Lam. , Chenopodium serotinum Suter (nom illeg.) And Chenopodium stramoniifolium Chev.

Common names

For the bastard goosefoot the other German-language trivial names exist or existed : Gänsfuß, Gänsfüßel, Nightshade ( Graubünden ), Pitzer ( Silesia ), Saumelde ( Low German ), Schweinstod, Sewplag and Steinspitze.

supporting documents

Manfred A. Fischer, Karl Oswald, Wolfgang Adler: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 3rd, improved edition. State of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2008, ISBN 978-3-85474-187-9 .
Siegmund Seybold (Ed.): Schmeil-Fitschen interactive . CD-ROM, version 1.1. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2002, ISBN 3-494-01327-6 .
Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 .

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c Susy Fuentes-Bazan, Pertti Uotila, Thomas Borsch: A novel phylogeny-based generic classification for Chenopodium sensu lato, and a tribal rearrangement of Chenopodioideae (Chenopodiaceae) . In: Willdenowia 42, 2012, p. 14. DOI: 10.3372 / wi.42.42101
↑ Chenopodium hybridum , chromosome number at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
^ Gaden S. Robinson, Phillip R. Ackery, Ian J. Kitching, George W. Beccaloni & Luis M. Hernández: Entry at HOSTS - A Database of the World's Lepidopteran Hostplants , accessed on January 26, 2012.
↑ Chenopodiastrum hybridum in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
↑ Heinz Ellenberg : Vegetation of Central Europe with the Alps in an ecological, dynamic and historical perspective (= UTB for science. Large series . Volume 8104 ). 5th, heavily changed and improved edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1996, ISBN 3-8252-8104-3 .
↑ Carl von Linné: Species Plantarum. Volume 1, Lars Salvius, Stockholm 1753, p. 219 ( digitized version ).
^ Entry in The Plant List , accessed January 26, 2012.
^ Georg August Pritzel , Carl Jessen : The German folk names of plants. New contribution to the German linguistic treasure. Philipp Cohen, Hannover 1882, page 92 ( online ).

Web links

Commons : Bastard Goosefoot ( Chenopodiastrum hybridum ) - Album with pictures, videos and audio files

Bastard goosefoot. In: FloraWeb.de.
Distribution map for Germany. In: Floraweb .
Chenopodium hybridum L. In: Info Flora , the national data and information center for Swiss flora .
Distribution in the northern hemisphere from: Eric Hultén, Magnus Fries: Atlas of North European vascular plants. 1986, ISBN 3-87429-263-0 at Den virtuella floran. (swed.)
Thomas Meyer: Data sheet with identification key and photos at Flora-de: Flora von Deutschland (old name of the website: Flowers in Swabia )
More pictures: www.guenther-blaich.de , www.biopix.dk

[Fuentes_2012-1] Susy Fuentes-Bazan, Pertti Uotila, Thomas Borsch: A novel phylogeny-based generic classification for Chenopodium sensu lato, and a tribal rearrangement of Chenopodioideae (Chenopodiaceae) . In: Willdenowia 42, 2012, p. 14. DOI: 10.3372 / wi.42.42101

[Tropicos-2] Chenopodium hybridum , chromosome number at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis

[HOSTS-3] Gaden S. Robinson, Phillip R. Ackery, Ian J. Kitching, George W. Beccaloni & Luis M. Hernández: Entry at HOSTS - A Database of the World's Lepidopteran Hostplants , accessed on January 26, 2012.

[GRIN_hybridum-4] Chenopodiastrum hybridum in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.

[Ellenberg5-5] Heinz Ellenberg : Vegetation of Central Europe with the Alps in an ecological, dynamic and historical perspective (= UTB for science. Large series . Volume 8104 ). 5th, heavily changed and improved edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1996, ISBN 3-8252-8104-3 .

[SpPl-6] Carl von Linné: Species Plantarum. Volume 1, Lars Salvius, Stockholm 1753, p. 219 ( digitized version ).

[ThePlantList-7] Entry in The Plant List , accessed January 26, 2012.

[8] Georg August Pritzel , Carl Jessen : The German folk names of plants. New contribution to the German linguistic treasure. Philipp Cohen, Hannover 1882, page 92 ( online ).