Choral Mass (Gregorian chant)

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Beginning of the first choral mass in the Graduale Novum

A choral mass is a cycle of the ordinarium chants of Holy Mass in Gregorian chant . The term has become naturalized in German and is also used in praise of God , the Latin chorale books number the ordinarium series with Roman numerals ( Ordinarium I. to Ordinarium XVIII. )

Structure and characteristics

The individual rows are in different church modes . They vary in the degree of solemnity and are intended for different celebrations and occasions in the church year. The Kyrie has a Latin title, after which the entire choral mass is sometimes named. These names go back to the beginnings of the text of the tropics , textual extensions of the Kyrie melodies, which originated in the Middle Ages and were removed from the liturgical texts by the Council of Trent .

The following parts belong to the choral mass:

  1. Kyrie ; some series of measurements contain two or three Kyrie melodies to choose from.
  2. Gloria - Choral masses for weekdays and Sundays during Advent and Lent do not contain Gloria.
  3. Sanctus
  4. Agnus Dei
  5. Ite, missa est or Benedicamus Domino .

The melody of Ite, missa est and Benedicamus Domino is each identical to the melody of Kyrie.

Overview of the 18 measurement series

Graduale Romanum 1908 Surname Kyriale German 1911 Gradual Novum (2011) Parts Praise to god
I. Tempore Paschali Lux et origo I. Mass during the Austrian. time Tempore Paschali KGSAI Third Choral Mass - Lux et origo (KGSA, No. 113–116)
II. In Festis Solemnibus. 1. Kyrie fons bonitatis II. Mass on the highest festivals I. In Sollemnitatibus I KGSAI
III. In Festis Solemnibus. 2. Kyrie Deus sempiterne III. Mass on the highest festivals 2. In Sollemnitatibus II KGSA (without own ite , missa est )
IV. In Festis Duplicibus. 1. Cunctipotens Genitor Deus IV. Fair at Duplex festivals I. In Festis Apostolorum KGSAIB
V. In Festis Duplicibus. 2. Kyrie magnae Deus potentiae V. Fair at duplex festivals 2. KGSAI
VI. In Festis Duplicibus. 3. Kyrie rex Genitor VI. Fair at duplex festivals 3. KGSAI
VII. In Festis Duplicibus. 4th Kyrie Rex splendens VII. Fair at duplex festivals 4. KGSAI
VIII. In Festis Duplicibus. 5. De Angelis VIII. Fair at duplex festivals 5. KGSAIB Second Choral Mass - Missa de Angelis (KGSAI, No. 108–112)
IX. In Festis B. Mariae V. 1. Cum Jubilo IX. Mass on the feasts of Our Lady 1. In Festis BMV KGSAIB
X. In Festis B. Mariae V. 2. alma mater X. Mass on the Feast of Our Lady 2. In Memoribus BMV KGSA
XI. In Dominicis infra annum Orbis factor XI. Mass on ordinary Sundays In Dominicis infra annum KGSAIB
XII. In Festis Semiduplicibus. 1. Father cuncta XII. Fair at semiduplex festivals 1. KGSAI
XIII. In Festis Semiduplicibus. 2. XIII. Fair at semi-duplex festivals 2. KGSAIB
XIV. Infra Octavas quae non sunt de B. Maria Virgine Jesus Redemptor XIV. Mass within non-Marian octaves KGSAI
XV. In Festis Simplicibus Dominator Deus XV. Mass at simplex festivals KGSAIB
XVI. In holidays per annum XVI. Mass on the weekdays of the year In holidays per annum KSAB
XVII. In Dominicis Adventus et Quadragesimae XVII. Mass on the Sundays of Advent and Lent In Dominicis Adventus et Quadragesimae two different Kyrie, KSAB Fourth Choral Mass - Adventus et Quadragesima (KSAI, No. 117–120)
XVIII. In Feriis Adventus et Quadragesimae. In Vigiliis, Feriis IV Temporum et in Missa Rogationum Mass on the weekdays of Advent and Lent In Feriis Adventus et Quadragesimae et ad Missam pro defunctis KSAB, possibly "Requiescant in pace"

Missa mundi

Any selection can be made from the series of masses and individual chants (e.g. the Kyrie and Sanctus from one mass, the Gloria and Agnus Dei from another mass), but the more ornate melodies should be preferred on festive days.

Such a combination became common as "Missa mundi" ("spread all over the world") towards the end of the 20th century . It contains the Kyrie XVI., The Gloria XV., Sanctus XVIII. and Agnus Dei XVIII. This compilation was first to be found in 1965 in the Kyriale simplex under the name "Dispositio I", the name "Missa mundi" for the first time in God's praise (1975) . In the current Praise to God it is listed as First Choral Mass - Missa mundi under nos. 104 to 107.

More liturgical chants

The series of masses in the liturgical books are usually preceded by the chants for the distribution of holy water before Holy Mass on Sunday, the Asperges me and the Vidi aquam for the Sundays of Easter.

The series of measurements are usually followed by:

  • Credo I. to Credo IV.
  • Cantus ad libitum
    • Kyrie: I. (Clemens Rector), II. (Sum deus), III. (Rector cosmi pie), IV. (Kyrie altissime), V. (Kyrie Conditor omnium), VI. (Te Christe Rex supplices), VII. (Splendor aeterne), VIII. (Firmator sancte), IX. (O Pater excelse), X. (In Dominicis per annum (= above XI. Orbis factor)), XI. (In Dominicis Adventus et Quadragesimae (= above XVII. 1.))
    • Gloria I - III., Sanctus I. -III., Agnus I. - II.
    • Missa pro Defunctis (mass for the deceased) with proprium and ordinarium; the Ordinarium has its own Kyrie, Sanctus and Agnus Dei come from the XVIII. Mass, instead of Ite, missa est , Requiescant is in pace (you may rest in peace).
  • Cantus varii in Ordine Missae occurentes ( acclamations )
  • Modus cantandi Alleluia tempore Paschali secundum octo tonos (ways of singing the Alleluja at Easter according to the eight church modes )

literature

  • Anton Stingl jun .: The names of the five choral masses in GOD'S LOB. In: Werkbuch zum Gotteslob. IV. Sundays and men's festivals in the annual cycle, reading year B. Freiburg 1976, pp. 87–92 ( [1] ).

Individual evidence

  1. August Gerstmeier: Kyrie. II. Church music . In: Walter Kasper (Ed.): Lexicon for Theology and Church . 3. Edition. tape 6 . Herder, Freiburg im Breisgau 1997, Sp. 553 .
  2. ^ Kyriale seu Ordinarium Missae. The standing mass chants of the Graduale Romanum according to the Vatican edition with German translation of the rubrics and texts. Friedrich Pustet, Regensburg, Rome, New York and Cincinnati 1911 / Appendix to: Archabbey Beuron (ed.): Volks-Schott. Missal for Sundays and public holidays following the larger missal by P. Anselm Schott OSB Freiburg im Breisgau 1933, after p. 480.
  3. K = Kyrie, G = Gloria, S = Sanctus, A = Agnus Dei, I = Ite, missa est, B = Benedicamus Domino (The Benedicamus Domino has not been sung since the liturgical reform of 1970 and has been through since the Graduale Novum Ite, missa est replaced.)
  4. Among the Franciscans this ordinarium became common in the masses of the holy angels in the 17th century . (Anton Stingl jun.: The names of the five choral masses in GOTTESLOB. In: Werkbuch zum Gotteslob. IV. Sundays and men's festivals in the annual cycle, reading year B. Freiburg 1976, pp. 87-92.)
  5. In Festis Beatae Mariae Virginis, on feasts of the Blessed Virgin Mary
  6. On the feast days of the Blessed Virgin Mary
  7. On the weekdays of Advent and Lent, on Vigil days , on the Quatembert days and during the Mass on the Prayer days
  8. On the weekdays of Advent and Lent and during the funeral mass
  9. Graduale Romanum 1979, p. 709.
  10. Anton Stingl jun .: The names of the five choral masses in GOTTESLOB. In: Werkbuch zum Gotteslob. IV. Sundays and men's festivals in the annual cycle, reading year B. Freiburg 1976, pp. 87–92.