Cleistes

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Cleistes
Cleistes libonii

Cleistes libonii

Systematics
Monocots
Order : Asparagales (Asparagales)
Family : Orchids (orchidaceae)
Subfamily : Vanilloideae
Tribe : Pogonieae
Genre : Cleistes
Scientific name
Cleistes
Rich. ex Lindl.

Cleistes is a genus within the family of orchids (Orchidaceae). The 75 or so species are common in the Neotropics .

Description and ecology

Illustration of Cleistes vinosa (Fig. I, left) and Cleistes rodriguesii (Fig. II right) in the Flora Brasiliensis
Illustration of Cleistes brasiliensis (Fig. I, left), Cleistes rodriguesii (Fig. II, middle) and Cleistes latipetala (Fig. III, right) in the Flora Brasiliensis

Vegetative characteristics

The Cleistes species are perennial herbaceous plants . They thrive terrestrially. The roots are slender and fibrous, they form tubers. The shoot is erect and hollow. It bears one to several leaves . The sessile, simple, fleshy leaves surround the stem with the base and are oval to lanceolate in shape.

Generative characteristics

The terminal, racemose inflorescence sometimes contains only one, usually two to six flowers. The flowers are in the axils of foliage-like bracts . The flowers are resupinated , relatively large. The hermaphrodite flowers are zygomorphic and threefold. The color of the bracts is white, pink or red-brown. The three sepals are not grown together and have a narrow, lanceolate shape. The petals are roughly the same as the sepals, but are usually a bit wider and thinner textured. They point forward and form a flower tube above the column . The lip is free, hinged on the column, simple or indistinctly three-lobed. At the transition to the column are two glandular calluses, along the blade normally raised ridges and darker colored veins run. The column is elongated and club-shaped. The clearly stalked stamen , bent downwards in relation to the columnar axis, is surrounded by a hood-like tissue of the column (clinandrium), laterally this forms two toothed appendages. The stamen contains the pollen in two chambers , which is loose as individual pollen grains (monads) or four pollen grains (tetrads).

The flowers produce nectar , and bees and bumblebees have been observed to pollinate some species .

There are fruit capsules formed.

Occurrence

The genus Cleistes s. st. is common in the Neotropic . Of Costa Rica and Panama in the north and the island of Trinidad ranging distribution area as far as Argentina and Uruguay in the south. Most of the species are found in Brazil .

The locations are mostly on the edge of forests or in savannahs . The climate is humid in the growing season, but mostly has a distinctly dry season. The populated soils are often sandy and acidic. Only a few species colonize higher altitudes.

Systematics and botanical history

The genus Cleistes belongs to the tribe Pogonieae in the subfamily Vanilloideae within the family Orchidaceae . Most of the genus Cleistes , the South American species, form a monophyletic group, while the North American species are more closely related to Isotria and Pogonia . In 2008, Pansarin and de Barros proposed the splitting off of a new genus, Cleistesiopsis Pansarin & F.Barros , which has contained three species native to the southeastern United States since 2009.

The genus Cleistes was established in 1840 by Louis Claude Richard in John Lindley : The Genera and Species of Orchidaceous Plants , p. 409. The generic name Cleistes comes from the Greek word κλειστός kleistos for "closed" and refers to the flowers that are not wide open. Type species is Cleistes lutea Lindl. , a synonym of Cleistes grandiflora (Aubl.) Schltr.

Illustration of Cleistes aphylla (Fig. IV, middle), Cleistes pluriflora (Fig. I, left), Cleistes paranaensis (Fig. III, right) and Cleistes quadricallosa (Fig. II, bottom)
Cleistes libonii
Cleistes rosea
Cleistes rosea

The species of the genus Cleistes are:

supporting documents

Most of the information in this article comes from:

literature

  • Leslie A. Garay: 225 (1). Orchidaceae (Cypripedioideae, Orchidoideae and Neottioideae) . In: Gunnar Harling, Benkt Sparre (ed.): Flora of Ecuador . tape 9 , 1978, ISSN  0347-8742 , p. 40 .
  • Alec M. Pridgeon, Phillip Cribb, Mark W. Chase, Finn Rasmussen (Eds.): Genera Orchidacearum. Orchidoideae (Part 2). Vanilloideae . tape 3/2 . Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford 2003, ISBN 0-19-850711-9 , pp. 286-289 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Cleistes. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved April 1, 2020.
  2. ↑ Emerson R. Pansarin: Biologia floral de Cleistes macrantha (Barb. Rodr.) Schltr. (Orchidaceae: Vanilloideae: Pogoniinae) . In: Revista Brasileira de Botânica . tape 26 , no. 1 , 2003, ISSN  0100-8404 , doi : 10.1590 / S0100-84042003000100008 .
  3. ↑ Emerson R. Pansarin, Fábio de Barros: Taxonomic notes on Pogonieae (Orchidaceae): Cleistesiopsis, a new genus segregated from Cleistes, and description of two new South American species, Cleistes batistana and C. elongata . In: Kew Bulletin . tape 63 , no. 3 , 2008, ISSN  0075-5974 , doi : 10.1007 / s12225-008-9047-5 .
  4. ↑ a b Cleistes at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed November 24, 2016.

Further information

Commons : Cleistes  - album with pictures, videos and audio files