Cloxazolam

Structural formula
General
Non-proprietary name	Cloxazolam
other names	10-chloro-11b- (2-chlorophenyl) -2,3,7,11b-tetrahydro [1,3] oxazolo [3,2- d ] [1,4] benzodiazepin-6-one ( IUPAC ) ; Cloxazolazepam; CS-370; MT 14-411;
Molecular formula	C 17 H 14 Cl 2 N 2 O 2
External identifiers / databases
PubChem	2816
ChemSpider	2714
DrugBank	DB01553
Wikidata	Q4385221
Drug information
ATC code	N05 BA22
Drug class	Benzodiazepine; Anxiolytic; Tranquilizers;
properties
Molar mass	349.21 g · mol -1
Physical state	firmly
Melting point	202-204 ° C
safety instructions
	Please note the exemption from the labeling requirement for drugs, medical devices, cosmetics, food and animal feed
H and P phrases	H: 302-361
	P: 201-281-301-312
Toxicological data	3300 mg kg −1 ( LD 50 , mouse , oral ) ; > 2000 mg kg −1 ( LD 50 , mouse , ip ) ;
	As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions .

Cloxazolam is a drug from the benzodiazepine group and has amnestic , anxiolytic , anticonvulsant , hypnotic , sedative and muscle relaxing potential. It is used in medicine as an anxiolytic and as a premedication before surgical interventions.

Cloxazolam was patented by Daiichi Sankyō in 1973 and launched on the Japanese market as early as 1974 under the finished drug name Sepazon . Some time later it was launched on the European market.

Pharmacokinetics

Cloxazolam itself is a prodrug and virtually ineffective. Only the main active metabolites delorazepam and lorazepam produce the calming and anxiety-relieving effect typical of benzodiazepines. Delorazepam has about 1000 times more affinity for the benzodiazepine receptor than cloxazolam. After oral ingestion, cloxazolam is rapidly absorbed by up to 75% and the maximum plasma concentration of delorazepam occurs after 2–3 hours. The biological half-life of the parent compound is 55–75 hours, that of the main active metabolite delorazepam is up to 100 hours. The equivalent dose to 10 mg diazepam is 2 mg.

Side effects

Common side effects are drowsiness, dizziness, headache, drowsiness, and confusion. In rare cases, a paradoxical (opposing) effect with excitement (fear, aggressiveness, agitated state of confusion) can occur, which must never be answered by increasing the dose. Like all drugs from the benzodiazepine class, cloxazolam has a high potential for dependence and abuse.

Trade names

Monopreparations

Akton (BE, LU), Anoxolan (BR), Cloxam (PT), Lubalix (CH, no longer available), Olcadil (AT, D, also no longer available), Sepazon (JP)

Individual evidence

↑ Patent US3772371 : Benzodiazepine derivatives and process for preparing the same. Published September 13, 1973 , Applicant: Sankyo Co Ltd, Inventor: Ryuji Tachikawa; Hiromu Takagi; Toshiharu Kamioka; Tetsuo Miyadera; Mitsunobu Fukunaga; Yoichi Kawano. ‌
↑ ^a ^b Entry on Cloxazolam at Toronto Research Chemicals , accessed on September 6, 2019 ( PDF ).
↑ ^a ^b George WA Milne (Ed.): Drugs: Definitions and Properties . Routledge, 2018, ISBN 978-1-315-20406-2 ( limited preview in Google Book Search).
^ William Andrew Publishing (Ed.): Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Encyclopedia . CLOXAZOLAM. Elsevier Science, 2013, ISBN 978-0-08-094726-6 ( limited preview in Google Book Search).
↑ Peter Riederer; Gerd Laux; Walter Pöldinger (Ed.): Neuro-Psychopharmaka A Therapy Manual Volume 2 . Overview tables. Springer, 2013, ISBN 978-3-7091-6593-5 ( limited preview in Google book search).

[1] Patent US3772371 : Benzodiazepine derivatives and process for preparing the same. Published September 13, 1973 , Applicant: Sankyo Co Ltd, Inventor: Ryuji Tachikawa; Hiromu Takagi; Toshiharu Kamioka; Tetsuo Miyadera; Mitsunobu Fukunaga; Yoichi Kawano. ‌

[TRC-2] Entry on Cloxazolam at Toronto Research Chemicals , accessed on September 6, 2019 ( PDF ).

[Drugs-3] George WA Milne (Ed.): Drugs: Definitions and Properties . Routledge, 2018, ISBN 978-1-315-20406-2 ( limited preview in Google Book Search).

[Sepazon-4] William Andrew Publishing (Ed.): Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Encyclopedia . CLOXAZOLAM. Elsevier Science, 2013, ISBN 978-0-08-094726-6 ( limited preview in Google Book Search).

[Äquivalenzdosis-5] Peter Riederer; Gerd Laux; Walter Pöldinger (Ed.): Neuro-Psychopharmaka A Therapy Manual Volume 2 . Overview tables. Springer, 2013, ISBN 978-3-7091-6593-5 ( limited preview in Google book search).