Coburg barracks
The oldest barracks in Coburg has been around since 1850, and three more facilities followed in the 1930s.
In the then royal seat of Coburg , military units were already at home in the early 19th century. The regular troops had a small barracks in the Veste Coburg . In winter, the troops were demobilized and they were billeted in the villages during exercises. After the conclusion of a convention between the Kingdom of Prussia and the Duchy of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha , according to which command of the Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Gothaische Infantry Regiment was taken over by Prussian staff officers, troops were restructured in 1850. A musketeer battalion was stationed in Gotha and a fusilier battalion in Coburg. Barracks for the four companies of the battalion were built there. On October 1, 1867, the Fusilier Battalion became part of the 6th Thuringian Infantry Regiment No. 95 , from 1889 under the name III. Battalion. In 1914, the 95th Infantry Regiment belonged to the 38th Division as part of the XI. Army Corps . After the First World War , the unit was dissolved in 1919.
With the takeover of the Nazi regime the opportunity presented itself again for Coburg garrison town to be. 30,000 inhabitants were required for this, which is why Ketschendorf , Wüstenahorn , Cortendorf and Neuses were incorporated on July 1, 1934 . This increased the population by 3,331 to 29,094. On October 2, construction began on the Hindenburg barracks and a refreshment camp in Neuses, and on October 4, with the 2nd Battalion of the 42nd Infantry Regiment “Bayreuth”, the first stationing of Wehrmacht units . The Von Berg barracks and the Passchendaele barracks were built as additional accommodation for the troops in the following years.
After the end of the Second World War , the barracks were occupied mainly by so-called displaced persons from the Soviet Union and Poland , as well as refugees and prisoners of war . After 1945 Coburg was again a garrison town for 45 years due to its proximity to the inner German border and thus on the front line of the Cold War . Various units of the US Army and the Federal Border Guard were stationed to secure the border. The US Army ended its border service in 1990 and the Federal Border Guard withdrew in 1999.
95 barracks
( 50 ° 16 ′ 13 ″ N , 10 ° 57 ′ 57 ″ E )
The main building was built in 1804 on the grounds of the Herrenhof domain. The former ducal farm and factory building had apartments, stables, a spinning mill, a brewery and a distillery. In 1850, the renovation and expansion of the new barracks followed according to plans by the court and theater builder Karl Balthasar Harres. A Coburg-Gotha fusilier battalion was stationed there until 1867 , from which the III. Battalion of the 6th Thuringian Infantry Regiment No. 95 emerged . It was at home in the barracks until 1919. From 1921 to 1933, a hundred of the Bavarian State Police were stationed in the complex. In October 1934, the 2nd Battalion of the 42nd Infantry Regiment "Bayreuth" followed, which was renamed in October 1936 to the 2nd Battalion 95th Infantry Regiment. In June 1939 the barracks got the name "General-von-Selle-Barracks" in honor of the former commander of the 6th Thuringian Infantry Regiment No. 95 Fritz von Selle . After the Second World War , the city of Coburg used the property for residential purposes until 1979 after a renovation. In 1980, the Free State of Bavaria, as the owner, carried out extensive repairs and gutting the building so that the facilities of the state and border police could use the facility . In 2010 the Coburg Police, Traffic Police and Criminal Police Inspection were based there. In 1981, the Free State erected a new building for the tax office on the western barracks area, and the Jean-Paul elementary school and a kindergarten were located in the northern area.
The classicist building, characterized by its clear design and balanced proportions, is an excellent example of the economic architecture of the 19th century. The two-storey mansard roof hipped building is 180 meters long and has 41 window axes. In the middle is a three-storey, eleven-axis risalit with corner pilasters. At the top it ends with a triangular gable and a central oculus. At the bottom there is an arched entrance gate to which a wide driveway leads. The mansard roof has dormers in the window axes. Ribbons between the floors serve as a horizontal structure.
Hindenburg barracks
( 50 ° 16 ′ 43 ″ N , 10 ° 58 ′ 46 ″ E )
In October 1936, the new Wehrmacht barracks named after Paul von Hindenburg was completed and over 800 soldiers and 400 vehicles of the 6th machine gun battalion moved into it. On August 20, 1939, the battalion was relocated to Silesia. The barracks was then used by the MG 6 / K40 replacement and training battalion until November 1940. Thereafter, the infantry replacement battalion 95 and the infantry training battalion 95 or their successor units occupied the barracks and from April 1943 the Meiningen Panzergrenadier replacement and training battalion 12. Originally located on Dörfleser Flur, the barracks area was incorporated into Coburg in 1937.
Harris Barracks
From July 1, 1946, the US Army stationed units of the 18th Infantry Regiment of the 1st Infantry Division in the barracks for border surveillance and security , which was replaced by the 6th Constabulary Battalion, a police force. The associated 6th Constabulary Regiment was stationed in Bayreuth. As part of a reorganization, the 6th Constabulary Regiment was replaced by the 6th Armored Cavalry (Light) Regiment at the end of 1948. On October 7, 1949, the barracks was renamed Harris Barracks in memory of Lieutenant James L. Harris, who died in France on October 7, 1944 . On January 7, 1951 finally took the 2nd Armored Cavalry Regiment (2nd Armored Cavalry Regiment), 1955-1958 replaced by the 3rd Armored Cavalry Regiment (3rd Cavalry Regiment), the responsibility for the military border security. These starting in March 1952 at least one reinforced company of the second was Squadron (2nd Squadron) alternately stationed in Coburg, while the battalion was stationed in Bamberg itself in the barracks of the former Army munitions plant. In 1960, Coburg became a Border Camp for the 2nd Squadron, i.e. the camp of the duty unit, which was deployed on the border service for 30 days at 24-hour intervals and then replaced on a rotation basis. In addition to the changing units, a “Border Residence Office” was permanently stationed in the barracks. On March 1, 1990, the border service was suspended and Camp Harris abandoned.
Federal Border Guard barracks
After negotiations in the summer of 1951, the US Army released parts of the Hindenburg barracks for use by the Federal Border Guard . On September 21, 1951, Coburg was then the location of the Federal Border Guard and the former Hindenburg barracks as BGS barracks accommodation for two hundred of the Border Guard Department South III. In 1952 two buildings in the neighboring Passchendaele barracks were also occupied. It made headlines in the newspapers when, on March 25, 1952, the stationed US unit closed the main gate of the Harris Barracks to members of the Federal Border Guard and drew a barbed wire fence between the US and BGS units across the barracks. The north gate was used as access until 1953 as well as a specially equipped gate for pedestrians on the south side.
From 1954 the Border Guard Department South 2 and from 1963 the Border Guard Training Department South were stationed in Coburg. From June 1, 1959 to November 2, 1982, a hundred were housed outside the barracks at Calendarweg 29 in a building of the former Brase fur factory. From the mid-1970s, major repairs were carried out on the buildings of the Hundreds, in 1982 a northern extension with a new Hundreds building and in 1986 with a new sports hall. With up to 1000 civil servants and 200 civil employees, the BGS was temporarily the third largest employer in Coburg. The downsizing began in 1992, and the last departments left the barracks in 1999. Since then, the older barracks area with an area of around 21 hectares has been largely unused.
Reuse
The city of Coburg acquired the northern part of the former BGS site in 2001 and partially sold it on to HUK-Coburg for the construction of a new logistics center in the immediate vicinity of the previous company headquarters. One of the buildings on the site has been in use again since the beginning of 2000: a project by a local association that is unique in Bavaria attracts musicians from all over the region. There are now up to 50 music groups of all genres in the former soldiers' rooms, which find space for their rehearsals there.
In 2016, plans to build a health campus in the Coburg area became known. The main component is to replace the existing Coburg Clinic with a new large clinic with around 750 beds, which will be supplemented by further care and service components, such as patient hotels or rehabilitation facilities. One possible plot of land for the campus is the barracks area. A change in the land use plan would be necessary.
Von Berg barracks
( 50 ° 16 ′ 20 ″ N , 10 ° 58 ′ 10 ″ E )
The barracks complex, located at Neustadter Strasse 9-11 between Neustadter Strasse and the Werra Railway, was occupied by units of the 95th Infantry Regiment in October 1937. The barracks were kept in memory named to the commander of the Thuringian Infantry Regiment No. 95 Colonel von Berg, who died on November 19, 1914 south of Janowice in Poland. On September 1, 1948, the city of Coburg acquired the area, especially for the purpose of living space. At times the technical relief organization and until 2004 the vehicle registration and driving license office of the city of Coburg were located there. In March 1999, large parts of the barracks building for two hypermarkets and a fast food restaurant were demolished.
Passchendaele barracks
( 50 ° 16 ′ 48 ″ N , 10 ° 59 ′ 0 ″ E )
With the aim of stationing the entire 95th Infantry Regiment in Coburg, work began in the mid-1930s on the Passchendaele barracks, which is to the northeast of the Hindenburg barracks in the corridor the municipality Dörfles-Esbach was established. The planned incorporation of the area to Coburg, as with the Hindenburg barracks, no longer came about. In 1938 they moved into the barracks, which were named after the town of Passchendaele in Flanders. There, the 6th Thuringian Infantry Regiment No. 95 had achieved an important defensive success in early December 1917 in the loss-making trench warfare on the western front of the First World War . The commander Colonel Fritz von Selle was awarded the order Pour le Mérite for this. After the Second World War, large parts of the area were no longer used for military purposes, only a few western buildings were integrated into the neighboring BGS barracks. From 1946, refugees and displaced persons were housed in the complex. In 1949, the team and farm buildings were converted into 228 makeshift apartments. In 1994 the housing association of the district of Coburg acquired the property and arranged for a building modernization as well as a structural redensification with new buildings for a new residential area in the municipality of Dörfles-Esbach, which in its final expansion will include 600 apartments.
literature
- Harald Sandner: Coburg in the 20th century. The chronicle of the city of Coburg and the House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha from January 1, 1900 to December 31, 1999 - from the "good old days" to the dawn of the 21st century. Against forgetting . New Press Publishing House, Coburg 2002, ISBN 3-00-006732-9 .
- Hans-Jürgen Schmidt: Coburg and the American armed forces 1945-1990 . Volume 10 of the publication series of the historical society Coburg eV, Coburg 1995, ISSN 0947-0344
- Hans-Jürgen Schmidt: 50 years of BGS - data, people, facts - 1951–2001 . Fiedler-Verlag, Coburg 2001, ISBN 3-923434-26-X .
Web links
- Ulrich Göpfert: Development of the former Hindenburg and Paschendaele barracks
- Occupancy plan of the Harris Barracks
Individual evidence
- ↑ Harald Sandner: Coburg in the 20th century. P. 127.
- ↑ Harald Sandner: Coburg in the 20th century. P. 129.
- ^ Walter Eichhorn: Dörfles-Esbach; From old Franconian farms to the modern large community. Pages on the history of the Coburg country, Coburg 1988, ISBN 3-926480-05-X , p. 164.
- ↑ HCS-Content GmbH: First step towards the health campus . In: New Press Coburg . ( np-coburg.de [accessed on March 9, 2018]).
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