Telegraph plant
| Telegraph plant | ||||||||||||
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left: leaves during the day, right: leaves at night |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Codariocalyx motorius | ||||||||||||
| ( Houtt. ) H. Ohashi |
The telegraph plant ( Codariocalyx motorius ), also called the Indian telegraph plant, is a species of the legume family (Fabaceae). Special features of Codariocalyx motorius are the nastia , rapid movements, as can also be found in the Venus flytrap (thigmonastia) and the mimosa (seismo- or thigmonastia).
description
Vegetative characteristics
The telegraph plant is an upright shrub with heights of 0.60 to 1.20 meters. The bark of young twigs is hairy.
The leaves are divided into a petiole and a leaf blade. The petiole is 1 to 2.5 inches long. The pinnate leaf blade has one to three leaflets. The two side feathers are 1 to 2 inches long and 3.5 to 4.5 millimeters wide. The terminal leaflet is 2.5 to 7.0 inches long and 6.5 to 13 millimeters wide. The upper side of the leaf is smooth and the underside of the leaf is silky hairy. The elongated stipules are about 6.5 mm long.
The terminal leaflets are lowered in the evening and thus hang down almost vertically in the sleeping position, in the morning they are raised again and are almost horizontal. This happens regardless of external influences such as temperature and illuminance. This is a circadian rhythm . The lateral feathers perform rotational movements, the frequency of which depends on the temperature. As the temperature rises, so does the frequency. Usually this frequency is one complete rotation every three to five minutes. The function of this ultradian rhythm is still completely unclear. Both the movements of the terminal leaflets and those of the lateral leaflets are brought about by joints and turgor changes in the cells of these joints. The common German name telegraph plant goes back to the earlier assumption that this plant species was able to communicate with each other by means of the movements of the feathers .
Generative characteristics
The flowering period in Pakistan extends from August to September. The terminal or lateral, racemose inflorescences have large bracts . The flower stalk is 3.5 to 6.5 millimeters long.
The hermaphrodite flowers are zygomorphic and five-fold with a double flower envelope . The 2.5 millimeter long sepals are fused, with the calyx teeth being shorter than the calyx tube. The 7.5 to 8.5 millimeter long petals are pink.
The hairy legume is sickle-shaped with a length of 3 to 4.4 centimeters and a width of 5 to 6.5 centimeters.
distribution
Codariocalyx motorius originally has a wide distribution on the Indian subcontinent , Bhutan , Nepal , Myanmar , Cambodia , Thailand , Vietnam , China , Taiwan , Malaysia , Brunei , Indonesia , the Philippines , East Timor , the Lesser Sunda Islands and Australia . In Mauritius and Martinique is Codariocalyx motorius wild. It is unclear whether the populations in Jamaica and the Society Islands are natural or whether they are neophytes .
Taxonomy
It was first published in 1779 under the name ( Basionym ) Hedysarum motorium by Maarten Houttuyn in Natuurlijke Historie , Part 2, 10, pp. 246–247. The new combination to Cod o riocalyx motorius (Houtt.) H. Ohashi was published in 1965 by Hiroyoshi Ohashi in the Journal of Japanese Botany , Volume 40, Issue 12, pp. 367-368. In 2011, Hiroyoshi Ohashi and Kazuaki Ohashi proposed to keep the generic name Cod a riocalyx for the genus. Other synonyms for Codariocalyx motorius (Houtt.) H.Ohashi are: Codoriocalyx motorius (Houtt.) H.Ohashi , Codariocalyx gyrans (L. f.) Hassk. , Desmodium gyrans (L.) DC. , Desmodium gyrans (L.) DC . var. roylei (Wight & Arn.) Baker , Desmodium motorium (Houtt.) Merr. , Desmodium roylei Wight & Arn. , Hedysarum gyrans L. f. , Hedysarum motorium Houtt. , Hedysarum motorius Houtt. , Meibomia gyrans (L. f.) Kuntze .
ingredients
Codariocalyx motorius contains small amounts of tryptamine - alkaloids N , N - dimethyltryptamine and 5-methoxy-dimethyltryptamine in the vegetative parts of the plant .
swell
- SI Ali: Papilionaceae in the Flora of Pakistan : Desmodium motorium - Online.
- Data sheet at International Legume Database Information Service = ILDIS - LegumeWeb - World Database of Legumes , Version 10.38 of July 20, 2010. (Sections Distribution and Synonyms)
- Hiroyoshi Ōhashi: Asiatic sp. of Desmodium & allied , in Ginkgoana 1 . Aca. Sc. BookCo., 1973.
- W. Engelmann: How plants grow and move , Institut f. Botany, Tübingen, 2003: PDF.
Individual evidence
- ^ A b Ohashi & Ohashi 2011: (1994) Proposal to conserve the name Codariocalyx (Leguminosae / Fabaceae) with that spelling. Taxon, Vol. 60 (1), p. 239.
- ^ A b c d e SI Ali: Papilionaceae in the Flora of Pakistan : Desmodium motorium - Online.
- ↑ a b Data sheet at International Legume Database Information Service = ILDIS - LegumeWeb - World Database of Legumes , Version 10.38 from July 20, 2010.
- ↑ Puhua Huang & Hiroyoshi Ōhashi: Codoriocalyx motorius (Houtt.) H. Ohashi, p. 283 online with the same text as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven & Deyuan Hong (eds.): Flora of China , Volume 10 - Fabaceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 2010. ISBN 978-1-930723-91-7
- ↑ a b Codariocalyx motorius at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed July 11, 2013.
- ^ S. Ghosal, UK Mazumder, R. MehtaIndole bases of Desmodium gyrans, Phytochemistry, 11 (1972), pp. 1863-1864
