Codonorchis
| Codonorchis | ||||||||||||
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Codonorchis lessonii |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name of the tribe | ||||||||||||
| Codonorchideae | ||||||||||||
| PJCribb | ||||||||||||
| Scientific name of the genus | ||||||||||||
| Codonorchis | ||||||||||||
| Lindl. |
Codonorchis is a genus from the family of the orchid (Orchidaceae). Itcolonizes temperate South Americawith two species . They are small, perennial , herbaceous plants. The genus Codonorchis forms its own tribe Codonorchideae.
description
The terrestrial plants have underground storage organs, some of which consist of root tissue and some of shoot tissue. They can reproduce vegetatively through stolons on which daughter bulbs form. The roots are fibrous and surrounded by velamen . The sprout has two to four leaves in the lower third , which - rarely in orchids - are arranged in a whirlwind. The leaves are oval or slightly spatulate, spread out horizontally and hairless. There is no separating tissue between the leaf and the stem.
The stem axis continues above the leaves as a single-flowered inflorescence . The ovary is not stalked, rounded and short. The bract is slightly longer than the ovary. The flowers are resupinated , the petals are not fused together. The lip is abruptly narrowed (“nailed”) at the base and there fused with the column . The lip is slightly three-lobed, the sides turned up around the column. The front part of the lip is bent downwards. Tiny head- or mushroom-shaped appendages sit along the central veins of the lip. The edges of the lip can be a little wavy. The column is long and thin, curved, roughly semicircular in cross-section and narrowly winged. The stamen sits at the end of the column and is bent down relative to the column axis. The stamen sticks to the column even when the pollinia is removed . The two pollinia are yellow and oblong in shape. The pollen is present as individual pollen grains (monads), these measure around 30 micrometers in diameter and have no opening (inaperturat). The stigma sits ventrally (in the resupinated flower on the underside of the column), it is unlobed and elongated along the axis of the column. The capsule fruit stands upright.
distribution
The two species of the genus Codonorchis are common in temperate and subtropical South America. Codonorchis lessonii occurs in Chile, Argentina and the Falkland Islands. Codonorchis canisioi inhabits a small distribution area in southern Brazil. Both species occur in the shade of moist forests. They survive the unfavorable season with their underground tubers.
Systematics and botanical history
The genus Codonorchis was established by Lindley in 1840. The name is made up of the Greek words kodon , "bell", and orchis , "testicles" (here: "orchid"). It refers to the shape of the small appendages on the lip. Lindley was only aware of the species Codonorchis lessonii , which had already been described by d'Urville and Brongniart under other generic names . The second species was described by Mansfeld in 1936 .
Schlechter classified the genus Codonorchis in the tribe Diurideae in 1926 . Their systematic position within this tribe was unclear for a long time: Schlechter placed them in the Subtribe Caladeniinae , Brieger wanted to set up their own Subtribe Codonorchidinae, Dressler placed them in the Chloraeinae .
Only molecular genetic studies showed that Codonorchis is not very closely related to the tribe Diurideae. It represents a basal group within the subgenus Orchidoideae , for which Cribb has set up a separate tribe, the Codonorchideae.
There are only two types:
- Codonorchis canisioi Mansf. : It occurs in Brazil.
- Codonorchis lessonii (d'Urv.) Lindl. : It occurs from Chile to Argentina and the Falkland Islands.
literature
The information in this article comes from:
- Alec M. Pridgeon, Phillip Cribb, Mark W. Chase, Finn Rasmussen (Eds.): Genera Orchidacearum. Orchidoideae (Part 2). Vanilloideae . tape 3/2 . Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford 2003, ISBN 0-19-850711-9 , pp. 17th ff .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Rafaël Govaerts (ed.): Codonorchis. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew .
- ^ Robert L. Dressler: Phylogeny and Classification of the Orchid Family . Cambridge University Press, 1993, ISBN 0-521-45058-6 , pp. 21 .
- ^ John Lindley: The Genera and Species of Orchidaceous Plants . 1840, p. 410.
- ^ Robert L. Dressler: Phylogeny and Classification of the Orchid Family . Cambridge University Press, 1993, ISBN 0-521-45058-6 , pp. 129 .
- ↑ a b Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Codonorchis. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved July 9, 2018.
Further information
Wikispecies: Codonorchis - Species Directory