Cohors I Augusta Nerviana Germanorum

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The altar of Paternius Maternus

The Cohors I Augusta Nerviana (or Nervia ) Germanorum [milliaria] [equitata] ( German  1st cohort Augusta Nervia (na) of the Teutons [1000 men] [partly mounted] ) was a Roman auxiliary unit . It is evidenced by military diplomas and inscriptions. In the military diploma of 105 and an inscription it is referred to as Cohors I Nerviorum , in the diplomas from 122 to 127 as Cohors I Nervia Germanorum and in the diplomas of 178 as Cohors I Augusta Nerviana (or Nerviorum ). In inscriptions it is referred to as Cohors I Nervana or Cohors I Nervana Germanorum .

Name components

  • I : The Roman number stands for the ordinal number, the first ( Latin prima ). Hence the name of this military unit is pronounced as Cohors prima ...
  • Augusta
  • Nerviana , Nervana or Nervia : The name probably refers to either Nerva (96–98) or the Nervier tribe .
  • Nerviorum : the Nervier . When the unit was established, the soldiers of the cohort were recruited from the Belgian tribe of the Nervier in the Roman province of Gallia Belgica .
  • Germanorum : the Teutons . The soldiers of the cohort were recruited from the various Germanic tribes when the unit was set up.
  • milliaria : 1000 men. Depending on whether it was an infantry cohort ( Cohors milliaria peditata ) or a mixed association of infantry and cavalry ( Cohors milliaria equitata ), the nominal strength of the unit was either 800 or 1040 men. The addition appears in the military diplomas from 122 to 158 and in three inscriptions.
  • equitata : partially mounted. The unit was a mixed association of infantry and cavalry. The addition appears in three inscriptions.

The unit was a Cohors milliaria equitata . The nominal strength of the unit was therefore 1040 men, consisting of 10 Centurien infantry with 80 men each and 8 tower cavalry with 30 riders each.

history

The cohort was stationed in the province of Britannia . It is listed on military diplomas for the years 105 to 178 AD.

The first evidence of unity in the province of Britannia is based on a diploma dated 105. In the diploma, the cohort is listed as part of the troops (see Roman Forces in Britannia ) that were stationed in the province. Other diplomas, dated 122 to 178, prove unity in the same province.

The latest evidence of unity in Britannia is possibly based on an inscription dated 253/258.

Locations

Cohort locations in Britannia Province may have been:

Members of the cohort

The following members of the cohort are known:

Commanders

Others

  • Sisceus, a horseman: a diploma of 178 ( RMD 4, 294 ) was issued to him.

See also

Web links

Commons : Cohors I Augusta Nerviana Germanorum  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

literature

  • John Spaul : Cohors² The evidence for and a short history of the auxiliary infantry units of the Imperial Roman Army , British Archaeological Reports 2000, BAR International Series (Book 841), ISBN 978-1-84171-046-4

Remarks

  1. ↑ Paul A. Holder assumes that the name component is an honorary designation, which was bestowed by Nerva (96-98). He cites other examples of Nerva naming, including the town of Sitifis ( Colonia Nerviana Augusta Martialis Veteranorum Sitifensium ) and two auxiliary units from the province of Mauretania Caesariensis : the Ala I Nerviana Augusta and the Cohors I Augusta Nerviana Velox . John Spaul, on the other hand, considers a reference to Nerva to be ruled out, since in analogy to other units in which emperors gave their gentile name (e.g. Aelia, Flavia or Ulpia) as an honorary designation, in Nerva's case this would have to be Cocceia .
  2. ↑ a b John Spaul assumes that the Cohors I Nerviorum is identical to the Cohors I Augusta Nerviana Germanorum . Possibly the original Cohors I Nerviorum was expanded by (a unit of) Teutons to Cohors I Nervia Germanorum miliaria .
  3. ↑ The scenario given here is based on two units: the Cohors I Augusta Nerviana Germanorum , which was stationed (under different names) in the province of Britannia and the Cohors I Augusta Nerviana Velox , which was stationed in the province of Mauretania Caesariensis .
  4. ↑ If Flavius ​​Vibianus was in command of the unit, the cohort would have been stationed in Britannia around 253/258 .
  5. ↑ a b c d The assignment to the unit is assumed, but is not certain.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Inscription from Caer Gai ( RIB 418 ).
  2. ↑ Inscription with Nervana ( RIB 966 ).
  3. ↑ Inscriptions with Nervana Germanorum ( RIB 2041 , RIB 2093 , RIB 2097 ).
  4. ↑ Inscriptions with milliaria ( RIB 2041 , RIB 2093 , RIB 2097 ).
  5. ↑ Inscriptions with equitata ( RIB 2041 , RIB 2093 , RIB 2097 ).
  6. ↑ Military diplomas of the years 105 ( CIL 16, 51 ), 122 ( CIL 16, 69 , RMD 5, 360 ), 127 ( RMD 4, 240 ), 132 ( ZPE-174-189 ), 158 ( RMD 5, 420 ) and 178 ( RMD 3, 184 , RMD 4, 293 , RMD 4, 294 ).
  7. ^ A b c John Spaul , Cohors², pp. 205-208, 217-219.
  8. ^ Jörg Scheuerbrandt : Exercitus. Tasks, organization and command structure of Roman armies during the imperial era. Dissertation, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg im Breisgau 2003/2004, p. 157 Table 1 ( PDF ).
  9. ↑ inscription ( RIB 2042 ).
  10. ^ Paul A. Holder : A Roman Military Diploma from Ravenglass, Cumbria. In: Bulletin of the John Rylands Library. Volume 79, number 1 (1997), pp. 3-42, here pp. 17-18, 28-31 ( PDF ).
  11. ↑ Inscriptions from Aballava ( RIB 2041 , RIB 2042 ).
  12. ↑ Inscriptions from Blatobulgium ( RIB 2093 , RIB 2097 ).
  13. ^ Inscription from Castra Exploratorum ( RIB 966 ).
  14. ↑ Inscriptions from Fanum Cocidi ( RIB 988 , RIB 989 ).