Constanze Hallgarten
Constanze Hallgarten (born September 12, 1881 in Leipzig , † September 25, 1969 in Munich ) was a women's rights activist and pacifist, one of the leading women in the German peace movement. It warned early of the dangers of National Socialism and was already on a " black list " of the National Socialists during the Hitler-Ludendorff Putsch in 1923 .
Life
Constanze, daughter of the painter Philippine Wolff-Arndt and her husband Anton, married the privatizing Germanist and lawyer Robert Hallgarten (1870-1924) in Leipzig in March 1900 . The historian George WF Hallgarten and the painter Richard Hallgarten , known as Ricki , emerged from the marriage.
From 1919 she was head of the Munich group of the “ International Women's League for Peace and Freedom ”, and she was also intensively involved in the League of Nations . In 1931 she was one of the founders of the German section of the “World League of Mothers and Educators” and organized a peace rally in Munich on January 13, 1932, at which, in addition to the French pacifist Marcelle Capy, Erika Mann , the friend of her son Richard, also appeared as a speaker .
After the " seizure of power " by the National Socialists, she left Germany with her mother Philippine and her son Wolfgang . She first emigrated to Switzerland and some time later to France. She lived there with her mother, first in Versailles and later in Paris .
In 1941 Constanze Hallgarten was able to flee from occupied Paris via Marseille to her son George WF Hallgarten in American exile with great difficulty. In 1949 she took part in a congress of the "Women's Peace League".
In 1955, Constanze Hallgarten returned to Germany and continued to be involved in the “International Women's League for Peace and Freedom”. She was active there until her death in 1969.
See also
literature
- Detlef Garz, Anja Knuth: Constanze Hallgarten: Portrait of a pacifist . Kovac, J, 2004, ISBN 3-8300-1619-0 .
- Martha Schad : Women against Hitler. Fates under National Socialism . Heyne Verlag , Munich 2001, ISBN 3-453-19420-9 , especially pp. 31–35.
- Sybille Krafft : Between the fronts. Munich women in war and peace 1900-1950 . Buchendorfer, 2001, ISBN 3-927984-37-X .
Web links
- Literature by and about Constanze Hallgarten in the catalog of the German National Library
- Constanze Hallgarten. In: FemBio. Women's biography research (with references and citations).
- IFFF - International Women's League for Peace and Freedom
- Historical Lexicon Bavaria: Women's Peace Movement
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Hallgarten, Constanze |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | German pacifist and women's rights activist |
| DATE OF BIRTH | September 12, 1881 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Leipzig |
| DATE OF DEATH | September 25, 1969 |
| Place of death | Munich |