Cookeina

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Cookeina
Cookeina tricholoma in Tikal National Park, Guatemala

Cookeina tricholoma in Tikal National Park, Guatemala

Systematics
Subdivision : Real ascent mushrooms (Pezizomycotina)
Class : Pezizomycetes
Order : Cuplets (Pezizales)
Family : Chalice relatives (Sarcoscyphaceae)
Genre : Cookeina
Scientific name
Cookeina
Kuntze

Cookeina is a genus of the ashlar from the family of the cup-cup relatives . The genus is widespread in the tropics. They are species with mostly bright colors.

features

Macroscopic features

The bowl-shaped fruiting bodies , the apothecia , are relatively large with a diameter of up to 3 centimeters. They are relatively flexible and not brittle. Due to carotenoids , the fruit layer is usually brightly colored from yellow and orange to scarlet or mauve. The fruiting bodies are rarely white or chestnut brown. Some species such as Cookeina colensoi or Cookeina venezuelae are sessile or have only a short stalk . Others have a stalk up to 8 centimeters long. As in Cookeina tricholoma or Cookeina sinensis, hairs are formed over the entire receptacle or only on the edge as in Cookeina insititia or Cookeina speciosa . Some species like Cookeina indica or Cookeina venezuelae do not have clear hair. All species are more or less tomentose.

Microscopic features

The tubes are quite large with up to 550 micrometers and up to 40 micrometers wide. They are thick-walled and do not stain with Melzer's reagent . They have a lid, the operculum , which can be colored with Congo red . The synchronous maturation of all ascospores is striking in all species . The spores are pink to yellow-brown and spindle-shaped, ellipsoidal or boat-shaped and are often flattened or curved on one side, as in Cookeina insititia . They are up to 52 micrometers long and 21 micrometers wide. They are either smooth or have a pattern with longitudinal ridges or grooves. Oil drops are mostly present. The paraphyses are 1–6 micrometers wide and thread-like. They often form a loose network around the tubes. The excipulum is built similarly in all species. It consists of an outer and an inner excipulum. The outer one is up to 175 micrometers thick and consists of a Textura globulosa (a tissue made of spherical elements with spaces in between) or a Textura angularis (a parenchymal- like tissue). In Cookeina colensoi , Cookeina colensoiopsis , Cookeina insititia and Cookeina venezuelae there is a gelatinous layer between the two layers .

Ecology and diffusion

Cookeina species live saprobically on fallen tree trunks, twigs and branches. All species live in the tropics. Cookeina tricholoma and Cookeina speciosa are pantropically widespread, both in the Paleotropic and in the Neotropic . Other species only occur in a much more limited area.

use

In parts of Mexico, Cookeina speciosa and Cookeina tricholoma are consumed as edible mushrooms . In Cameroon it is used for medical purposes against earache, whereby no distinction is made between Cookeina speciosa and Cookeina tricholoma .

Systematics and taxonomy

Charles Plumier was the first to make a drawing of a species of Cookeina as early as 1705 , namely Cookeina speciosa . In 1822 the species was described for the first time by Elias Magnus Fries as Peziza speciosa . Kuntze then established the genus in 1891 with Cookeina tricholoma as the type species . Phylogenetic studies showed the monophyly of the genus with two distinct clades , one around Cookeina tricholoma and another around Cookeina speciosa . Several species described, such as Cookeina sulcipes, are usually regarded as a synonym for Cookeina speciosa .

At the moment (December 2016) the following species belong to the genus:

  • Cookeina insititia

  • Cookeina speciosa

  • Cookeina tricholoma

  • Cookeina venezuelae

etymology

The generic name Cookeina honors the English mycologist Mordecai Cubitt Cooke .

swell

literature

  • Iturriaga, T .; Pfister, DH A monograph of the genus Cookeina (Ascomycota, Pezizales, Sarcoscyphaceae). Mycotaxon 95 (2006), pp. 137-180. ISSN  0093-4666

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j Iturriaga, T .; Pfister, DH: A monograph of the genus Cookeina (Ascomycota, Pezizales, Sarcoscyphaceae) . In: Mycotaxon . tape 95 , 2006, ISSN  0093-4666 , p. 137-180 ( online ).
  2. ^ H. Van Dijk, N. Awana-Onguene, TW Kuyper: Knowledge and Utilization of Edible Mushrooms by Local Populations of the Rain Forest of South Cameroon . In: Ambio . tape 32 , 2003, p. 19-23 , doi : 10.1579 / 0044-7447-32.1.19 .
  3. ↑ Cookeina . In: Mycobank . Retrieved November 29, 2016 .
  4. ^ Richard N. Weinstein, Donald H. Pfister, Teresa Iturriaga: A phylogenetic study of the genus Cookeina . In: Mycologia . tape 94 , 2002, ISSN  0027-5514 , p. 673-682 ( online ).
  5. ^ Bradley K. Kropp: Cookeina cremeirosea, a new species of cup fungus from the South Pacific . In: Mycoscience . 2016, p. in print , doi : 10.1016 / j.myc.2016.09.003 ( online ).
  6. ↑ Douanla-Meli C, E .: Long Notes on Discomycetes (Helotiales, Pezizales): New species and new records from Cameroon . In: Mycotaxon . tape 92 , 2005, ISSN  0093-4666 , p. 223-237 ( online ).
  7. ↑ Iturriaga, T .; Xu, F .; Pfister, DH: Cookeina korfii , a new species hidden in Cookeina tricholoma . In: Ascomycete.org . tape 7 , 2015, p. 331–335 ( online via ResearchGate [PDF]).
  8. ^ Mushroom books by Mordecai Cubitt Cooke . In: The Tintling . Retrieved November 25, 2016 .

Web links

Commons : Cookeina  - collection of images, videos and audio files