Darlingia ferruginea
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Darlingia ferruginea with lobed leaves |
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| JFBailey |
Darlingia ferruginea is a species of the genus Darlingia within the silver tree family(Proteaceae). It thrives in the rainforest of north Queensland .
description
Appearance and leaf
Darlingia ferruginea grows as an evergreen, large tree in the rainforest and reaches heights of about 30 meters, as an ornamental plant it is only about a third that high. No buttress roots are formed. The bark of the young twigs is dense, finely haired, short rusty brown or dark brown ( indument ). The terminal bud is covered with dark brown hairs ( trichomes ). The leaf buds are densely haired with short rusty brown or dark brown hair.
The two cotyledons ( cotyledons ) are 4 to 5 centimeters long and 18 to 20 millimeters wide. There is heterophyllia . The alternate leaves are arranged in a petiole and a leaf blade. The petiole is 1.2 to 3.5 inches long. The first leaves are simple and have a smooth edge. On young specimens from the tenth leaf, the 70 cm long leaf blades are lobed and have fine rust-brown hair on the underside of the leaf veins , on the upper side of the leaf there are only a few dark brown trichomes along the midrib. In adult specimens, the leaf blades are 20 to 46 centimeters long and 5 to 21 centimeters wide in outline, lanceolate, linear-lanceolate to almost spatula-shaped with a narrowed blade base and a pointed, blunt or edged upper end; they can sometimes be lobed. The upper side of the leaf is bare except for the midrib and the underside of the leaf is densely hairy rust-brown. The 25 to 50 pairs of easily recognizable lateral nerves form an arch on the leaf margins. Stipules are missing.
Inflorescence and flower
The flowering time in Australia is in winter and early spring. The lateral, almost terminal-looking, more or less upright, compound inflorescences are 14 to 22 centimeters long. The bracts are 10 to 15 millimeters long, 10 to 15 millimeters and fall off in front of the anthesis . The bracts are over 5 millimeters long. Cover sheets are missing.
The hermaphroditic flowers are radial symmetry and four-fold. The four bracts are 2.5 to 3.3 inches long. There is only one circle with four stamens . The 2.5 to 3.5 millimeter long dust bags open with a longitudinal slit. There is secondary pollen presentation on the 2.2 to 3.5 centimeter long, reshaped upper end of the stylus. There are four spherical nectar glands under the carpel. The only rust-brown haired, 1.7 to 2.8 millimeters long, upper carpel contains four ovules . The stylus is 2 to 3 inches long.
Fruit and seeds
The follicle fruit 7 to 8 inches long, 2.5 to 3.5 inches wide and 1 to 1.5 inches thick. The flat seeds are 7 to 8 inches long and 2.5 to 3 inches wide. The seeds have a 4 to 15 millimeter wide wing on the edge. The embryo is 30 to 40 millimeters and 15 to 20 millimeters wide.
Occurrence
Darlingia ferruginea grows in well-developed highland and mountain rainforests only in the Atherton Tableland at altitudes of 650 to 1300 meters in northern Queensland . It probably thrives best on soils that have grown on basalt . Darlingia ferruginea belongs to the upper tree layer of the rainforest.
Taxonomy
The first description of darlingia ferruginea was made in 1899 by the Australian botanist John Frederick Bailey in Queensland Agricultural Journal , Volume 5, Issue 4, p 402. A synonym for darlingia ferruginea JFBailey is Darlingia spectatissima var. Ferruginea CTWhite. The specific epithet is derived from the Latin word ferruginea for rust-colored and refers to the rust-brown trichomes of the bark and the leaves.
Common names
Common English names are brown silky oak , rose silky oak and rusty silky oak . The common name in the local Dyirbal language was gurray , although a less specific word gurruŋun "oak" was also used in the taboo language Dyal ,uy , which was also used for Cardwellia sublimis and Helicia australasica .
use
Darlingia ferruginea is used as an ornamental plant in tropical to subtropical parks because of its beautiful inflorescences and leaves .
It has a decorative wood with an oak grain .
literature
- Bernard Patrick Matthew Hyland: Flora of Australia , Volumes 16, 1995, p. 357, Fig. 164, Map 407; 17A 2000; 17B 1999: "Darlingia ferruginea" in the Flora of Australia ( Online. Department of the Environment and Heritage, Australian Government. )
- Bernard Patrick Matthew Hyland, T. Whiffin, FA Zich et al., 2010: Data sheet - Darlingia ferruginea at Australian Tropical Rainforest Plants. Edition 6.1, online version: Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, through its Division of Plant Industry; the Center for Australian National Biodiversity Research; the Australian Tropical Herbarium, James Cook University, Cairns, Australia. Last accessed on June 9, 2014.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Bernard Patrick Matthew Hyland: Flora of Australia , Volumes 16, 1995, p. 357, Fig. 164, Map 407; 17A 2000; 17B 1999: "Darlingia ferruginea" in the Flora of Australia ( Online. Department of the Environment and Heritage, Australian Government. ( Memento of the original dated October 30, 2006 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this note. )
- ^ A b c d e f John Walter Wrigley: Banksias, Waratahs and Grevilleas . Angus & Robertson, Sydney 1991, ISBN 978-0-207-17277-9 , Darlingia , pp. 150 (English, illustrated by Murray Fagg).
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i B. PM Hyland, T. Whiffin, FA Zich et al., 2010: Data sheet - Darlingia ferruginea at Australian Tropical Rainforest Plants. Edition 6.1, online version: Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, through its Division of Plant Industry; the Center for Australian National Biodiversity Research; the Australian Tropical Herbarium, James Cook University, Cairns, Australia. Last accessed on June 9, 2014.
- ↑ a b Darlingia ferruginea JFBailey. Data sheet at Australian Plant Name Index (APNI), IBIS database. Center for Plant Biodiversity Research, Australian Government.
- ↑ RMW Dixon : The Origin of "Mother-in-Law Vocabulary" in two Australian Languages . In: Anthropological Linguistics . Volume 32, No. 1/2 , 1990, pp. 1-56 , JSTOR : 30028138 .
