David Albertowitsch Frank-Kamenezki

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David Frank-Kamenetski

Dawid exhilarated Frank Kamenezki ( Russian Давид Альбертович Франк-Каменецкий , English transcription David Albertovich Frank Kamenetskii ; * 3. August 1910 in Vilnius , † 2. June 1970 in Moscow ) was a Russian plasma physicist and chemist ( Physical Chemistry ).

Life

Frank-Kamenezki came from a Jewish family who left Vilna during the Russian Revolution and went to Irkutsk via Moscow , where his father Albert Frank-Kamenezki (1873–1935) became a chemistry professor at the newly founded university. Frank-Kamenezki studied metallurgy and mining engineering at what is now the Polytechnic University in Tomsk , graduating in 1931, and then worked as an engineer in the mines of Chita in eastern Siberia. From 1934 he studied at the Institute of Chemical Physics with Nikolai Nikolajewitsch Semjonow in Leningrad, where he received his doctorate in chemistry in 1938. At the institute he also met Jakow Borissowitsch Seldowitschknow with whom he became friends. At that time he dealt with the theory of combustion and explosions and chemical chain reactions, collaborating with Seldowitsch ( Seldowitsch equation ).

During the Second World War he was evacuated to Kazan with the institute and dealt with the production of artificial diamonds. In 1943 he completed his habilitation (Russian doctorate). From 1944 to 1946 he taught technical chemistry in Gorki, from 1947/48 to the Institute for Chemical Physics in Moscow and from 1948 to 1956 in the secret Soviet atomic and hydrogen bomb program in Sarov (Arzamas-16), where he again worked with Seldowitsch. Then he was back in Moscow, where he headed a laboratory at the Kurchatov Institute and headed the plasma physics department at the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology . He died of a heart attack.

He wrote textbooks on plasma physics that were also translated into German. He is known for his theory of combustion and thermal explosion (exothermic reactions) and also dealt with astrophysics (plasma in the interior of stars and nuclear astrophysics) and vibrations and magnetoacoustic resonance in plasmas (also in the tokamak). In 1940 he introduced the quasi steady state approximation of differential equations. 1960 to 1970 he published the popular science magazine Priroda .

Frank-Kamenezki was married twice (marriage in 1932 and 1935). His son Maxim Frank-Kamenezki (* 1941) is a professor of biomedical engineering at the Institute for Chemical Physics in Moscow.

Awards

He received the Order of Lenin , the Order of the Red Banner of Labor and three Soviet state awards .

Fonts

  • Diffusion and heat exchange in chemical kinetics, Princeton University Press 1955, 2nd edition Plenum Press 1969 (Russian first 1947)
    • German edition: Material and heat transfer in chemical kinetics, Springer Verlag 1959
  • Physical Processes in Stellar Interiors, Washington DC 1962
  • Lectures on plasma physics, Berlin, Deutscher Verlag der Wissenschaften 1967 (Russian edition Atomisdat , Moscow 1964)
  • Plasma - the fourth state of matter, Moscow: Progress 1964 (Russian first 1961)
  • Energy in nature and technology (Russian), Moscow 1948
  • with Ya. B. Zeldovich, P. Ya. Sadovnikov: The oxidation of nitrogen in combustion and explosions (Russian), Moscow 1947
  • Nuclear Astrophysics, Pleum Press 1972

literature

  • Obituary in Nature , Volume 228, 1970, p. 790.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Work by Frank-Kamenezki at JETP Letters
  2. ^ Frank-Kamenezki, Conditions for the applicability of the Bodenstein method in chemical kinetics (Russian), Journal für Physikalische Chemie, Volume 14, 1940, pp. 695-700
  3. ↑ Homepage of Maxim Frank-Kamenetskii ( Memento of the original from July 11, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.bu.edu
  4. ^ German edition, it also appeared on commission in Frankfurt am Main and Zurich.
personal data
SURNAME Frank-Kamenezki, David Albertowitsch
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Frank-Kamenezki, Dawid Albertowitsch; Франк-Каменецкий, Давид Альбертович (Russian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Russian plasma physicist and chemist (physical chemistry)
DATE OF BIRTH August 3, 1910
PLACE OF BIRTH Vilna
DATE OF DEATH 2nd June 1970
Place of death Moscow