Specialist
A Fachwirt is a higher commercial vocational training qualification in the Federal Republic, which is acquired through business management professional training . He is branch-related and differs from the function-oriented specialist clerks and the cross-functional certified business economists .
history
After there was no form of further training for clerks that was equivalent to the master craftsman's examination for a long time , at the beginning of the 1970s employer and employee organizations created various concepts for qualifying middle management levels. The advanced training to become a specialist was developed under the chairmanship of the German Industry and Trade Conference. The focus was on the acquisition of specific specialist knowledge and organizational and methodological know-how.
In 2003, the NRW Economics Minister Harald Schartau tried with the support of the chamber organizations ( DIHK , ZdH ), parts of the trade unions ( IG Metall ), the Conference of Economists and Trade Associations ( IMV ) to establish the designation or translation aid Bachelor Professional for the specialist. The reason was that the terms master, specialist, etc. are not common in the world of international business. The project met with massive opposition from universities, the Conference of Ministers of Education and Cultural Affairs and the Federal Ministry of Education and Research and initially failed, not least because of the counter-argument that there is a clear distinction between vocational training and a bachelor's degree abroad and that the name is therefore grossly misleading. (Qualifications comparable to those in business administration are also known abroad, namely as higher professional certification or higher professional qualification .) Despite Section 132a (2) StGB, which the discussion ultimately revolves around, the translation aid spread to career networks on the Internet very strong and was largely unmolested there as an academic degree. The IHKs also created facts and, as institutions under public law, used the designation for their degrees quite openly, which means that criminal prosecution for providing translation assistance was de facto ruled out under Section 17 of the Criminal Code. In addition, it was no longer possible to convey why titles could be awarded for part-time and dual study programs despite the great similarity, but not for advanced training. At the end of 2018, the Ministry of Education finally announced that it wanted to officially establish the “Professional Bachelor” title by 2020, namely in 2020 as part of the reform of the Vocational Training Act and yet under the original title of “Bachelor Professional”. However, the universities registered protests and warned of the consequences. The Federal Council also initially rejected the attempt to introduce designations that are similar to university degrees, in all of the variants discussed. Despite loud protests from the universities until recently, the Federal Council finally decided at the end of November to introduce the "Bachelor Professional" and "Master Professional" degrees on January 1, 2020
Training content
Specialists in the Chamber of Commerce and Industry
The Fachwirt of the Chamber of Industry and Commerce (IHK) is an advanced training course , which is equivalent to the master craftsman examination and usually follows a commercial professional training with subsequent comprehensive professional practice. The final exams are regulated by uniform legal provisions of the Vocational Training Act (BBiG) and are carried out by the committees of the responsible Chamber of Industry and Commerce .
The framework plans drawn up by the German Chamber of Commerce and Industry, which define the learning objectives, provide for the acquisition of practical and theoretical competencies for a specific industry; The content of the training is mainly of a business management nature as well as an industry-specific subject component, which varies in scope depending on the examination regulations. The nationwide examination of business-related qualifications (law and taxes, accounting, corporate management, economics and business administration) is the same for specialist advanced training courses in some disciplines and leads to the service specialist , which, however, does not represent a separate qualification but serves as a common basis for the subsequent specialist specializations. the action-specific qualifications. However, these action-specific qualifications also always include business management requirements with regard to the costs and performance of a company .
Private educational institutions in particular offer courses for the final exams. They usually last 6 to 24 months (full-time or part-time), but participation in a course is not mandatory for admission to the final exams.
Specialists of the Chamber of Crafts
The final examinations of the HWK specialists no longer take place as part of the master craftsman's examination, but represent independent qualifications that have been assigned to level 6 in the DQR. After the nationwide training and examination, the graduates are allowed to call themselves certified commercial specialist (HWO) and have the opportunity to train to become certified business economist (HWO), which was assigned level 7 in the DQR. The prerequisites for participating in the courses and examinations are completed commercial training, such as B. Office management clerks, automobile clerks or specialist salespeople but also certified specialists for commercial management (HwO), master craftsmen, master craftsmen and employees with many years of commercial experience (at least 5 years) are granted access to the exam .
Skill level
The DQR maps the business administrator to EQF level 6 and evaluates the final terms of its aspiration levels so as equal valent to master , state-certified technician or bachelor , but not as the same manner to a university degree .
The DQR is only indicative and does not influence university admission regulations. As an example, the University of Oldenburg evaluates the degree as a part-time Bachelor's degree from one to two semesters.
In terms of career law for federal civil servants , a business management exam is not equivalent to a bachelor’s degree, since a business management exam is the first to acquire a general university entrance qualification and a qualification that provides a university entrance qualification cannot be equivalent to a university degree . In this respect, the legal requirements for admission to a career in the higher service are not met with a business administration examination (including the administration examination ). The same applies to master craftsman exams.
further education
The next level in the IHK advanced training system after the specialist is the certified business economist or the certified business economist designed for the craft according to the craft regulations .
An alternative is lateral entry into the academic system with a degree. According to a resolution of the Conference of Ministers of Education and Cultural Affairs of March 6, 2009, successful graduates of specialist business training courses for which examination regulations according to § 53 , § 54 BBiG as well as §§ 42, 42a HwO exist and comprise at least 400 teaching hours (recommended scope according to DIHK framework plan) receive, the general university entrance qualification .
The DQR classification is for guidance only; academically, the business administrator is still only considered a general university entrance qualification and at most universities, especially universities of applied sciences , offer credit options for passed master craftsman / business administrator examinations on courses of study; Several years of professional experience must be proven to be admitted to the examination. It is therefore not possible to apply directly to a Master’s degree as a specialist.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Fachwirt / in - Wirtschaft , subsection review
- ↑ 200 hours to become a specialist
- ↑ Miriam Olbrisch: Training: Karliczek wants to completely change training in Germany - job & career. In: Spiegel Online . November 8, 2018, accessed April 17, 2020 .
- ↑ Federal Government: Vocational Education Act, draft bill. In: bmbf.de. Federal Government, May 13, 2019, accessed on May 27, 2019 .
- ↑ https://www.forschung-und-lehre.de/politik/hrk-warnt-bmbf-vor-berufsbachelor-1773/
- ↑ https://www.forschung-und-lehre.de/recht/bundesrat-lehnt-berufsbachelor-und-berufsmaster-ab-1908/
- ↑ https://www.sueddeutsche.de/bildung/bachelor-professional-bundesrat-1.4703152
- ↑ BUSINESS-RELATED QUALIFICATIONS (SERVICE SPECIALIST FAMILY) (PDF; 48 kB)
- ↑ Certified business administrator (HwO). Retrieved July 6, 2019 .
- ↑ FAQ DQR ( Memento of the original from June 9, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20130202035140/http://www.ihk-oldenburg.de/aus-_und_weiterbildung/weiterbildung/pruefungsangebote_der_oldenburgischen_ihk/credit-points_fuer_ihk-fortbildungsabschluesse.php
- ↑ General administrative regulation for the Federal career regulation. December 1, 2017, accessed August 1, 2020 .
- ↑ University admission for professionally qualified applicants without a higher education entrance qualification (PDF; 22 kB)
