Lübeck Cathedral Monastery
The cathedral monastery on the south side of Lübeck Cathedral was the center of life of the Lübeck Cathedral Chapter until 1803 . Large parts of the building were demolished in the 19th century.
history
The cathedral monastery Lübeck as an institution was founded as early as 1160 by Heinrich the Lion together with the diocese of Lübeck as the place where the cathedral chapter lived together. It is unclear whether the canons followed a rule; it is believed that this was Augustine's rule. The obligation to live together existed until the end of the 13th century. The statutes of 1263 mention no rule; Since then the canons lived in their curiae and only met for chapter meetings and in the refectory of the cathedral monastery. The monastery, the buildings of which were built between the 13th and 15th centuries, remained the center of life for the cathedral clergy until the Reformation under Eberhard von Holle took place in 1571, and it later housed the cathedral school and the cathedral library.
With the dissolution of the Hochstift Lübeck as a corporation as a result of the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss 1803, the cathedral monastery fell to the Free Hanseatic City of Lübeck as a state. It existed as a traditional structure until the dilapidated south wing was demolished in 1816; the east wing and the preaching house forming the west wing were preserved until the building of the museum at the cathedral in 1889/1893. Individual components were integrated into the new museum building. Some of them persist after the cathedral museum was destroyed by the air raid on Lübeck in 1942 and are included in the reconstruction structure.
State before cancellation
The cloister and the vaulted ground floor of the south wing, demolished in 1816, were used from 1413 for the Lübeck Cathedral School , whose school building had previously burned down. In 1850 the cathedral school moved into the buildings of the former Lübeck bishop's court . According to a report by cathedral pastor Johann Friedrich Petersen, the upper floor contained the apartments of the two teachers of the school, the old assembly rooms of the cathedral chapter and the apartment of the night watchman.
The originally late Romanesque east wing, which was demolished in 1889 except for five yokes of the cloister, housed the choralia , i.e. the rooms of the choirboys , on the ground floor . The refectory and dormitory , i.e. the priests' bedrooms, were located on the upper floor . The building burned down in 1412 except for the vaults on the ground floor and was rebuilt in the Gothic style.
The preaching house built around 1466 formed the west wing. It is mentioned in a document with which Bishop Albert II. Krummendiek and the Lübeck council agreed in 1466 on the reuse of funds from an offering box as being under construction. An agreement between the executors of the will of Schwerin Bishop Nicolaus Böddeker, who died in Lübeck in 1469, and the Lübeck canon Magister Johann Lange and the other heirs of Lüneburg Mayor Heinrich Lange also benefited the preaching house. The preaching house had two aisles with eight bays on the ground floor. In the new museum building in 1889/1893, the two northern yokes were removed. The wall facing the inner courtyard was retained. On the upper floor there were bedrooms and the cathedral library, the holdings of which came to the city library when the chapter was closed and at that time still consisted of 130 manuscripts and 500 prints.
The cathedral monastery used as a hospital, the preaching house on the left (Photo: Joseph Wilhelm Pero before 1847)
Floor plan of the cathedral and the monastery building with cloister before the demolition in 1889
Received structural components
Display wall of the preaching house
On the western side of the courtyard, the display wall of the preaching house has been preserved from the late Gothic around 1460. It is two-story and included in the new building of the archive of the Hanseatic City of Lübeck as a reconstruction substance from 1959–1963.
Cloister
The late Romanesque eastern wing of the cloister in front of the gable of the south transept (approx. 1250) with five cross-vaulted bays is the remainder of the cloister that presumably surrounds the inner courtyard. While the cloister was certainly present on the south wing, which was demolished in 1816, this is only suspected for the west side in front of the preaching house.
Inner courtyard, view of the cloister
Cloister (2009)
Carl Julius Milde , Cloister in Lübeck ABC , 1857
Gable of the south porch of the transept
Due to the loss of the Second World War, it was possible to expose the gable of the south transept again. Today it is not built up except for the late Romanesque cloister wing. The Rochus Chapel to the east was also not rebuilt as a side chapel after 1945. The earlier additions (including the vaults of the Rochus Chapel) can still be seen on the masonry.
See also: Chapels in Lübeck Cathedral
patio
The inner courtyard of the former monastery is now used jointly by the Museum for Nature and Environment Lübeck and the cathedral community. It is accessed from the model runway through an access gate in the east wing .
Skeleton of a sperm whale on the south wall of the courtyard
Johann Julius Walbaum's tombstone moved into the inner courtyard
literature
- Johannes Baltzer and Friedrich Bruns : The architectural and art monuments of the Free and Hanseatic City of Lübeck. Issued by the building authorities. Volume III: Church of Old Lübeck. Dom. Jakobikirche. Aegidia Church. Publishing house by Bernhard Nöhring: Lübeck 1920, pp. 102-107
- Hartwig Beseler (ed.): Art-Topography Schleswig-Holstein. Wachholtz, Neumünster 1974, p. 56
- Dieter-Jürgen Mehlhorn: Monasteries and monasteries in Schleswig-Holstein: 1200 years of history, architecture and art , Ludwig, 2007, p. 178
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Schleswig-Holstein monastery project Augustinian canons
- ^ Adolf Friederici: The Lübeck Cathedral Chapter in the Middle Ages 1160–1400. Neumünster: Wachholtz 1998 (Sources and research on the history of Schleswig-Holstein 91) ISBN 3-529-02191-1 , p. 77
- ^ Diarium ecclesiasticum des Doms I, p. 313.
- ↑ Heinrich Lange's son Gottfried Lange succeeded Böddeker as Bishop of Schwerin on the basis of a supply agreement made with the Lange family.
Coordinates: 53 ° 51 '37.9 " N , 10 ° 41' 7.3" E