Blue-fronted lancet beak

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Blue-fronted lancet beak
Blue-fronted lancet illustrated by John Gould and Henry Constantine Richter (Delivery 4 from 1853)

Blue-fronted lancet illustrated by John Gould and Henry Constantine Richter (Delivery 4 from 1853)

Systematics
Class : Birds (aves)
Order : Sailor birds (Apodiformes)
Family : Hummingbirds (Trochilidae)
Genre : Doryfera
Type : Blue-fronted lancet beak
Scientific name
Doryfera johannae
( Bourcier , 1847)

The blue-fronted lancet beak ( Doryfera johannae ) is a species of bird in the hummingbird family (Trochilidae). The species has a large distribution area that extends over the countries Colombia , Ecuador , Peru , Venezuela , Guyana and Brazil . The IUCN assesses the population as Least Concern .

features

The blue-forehead lancet beak reaches a body length of 9 cm, whereas the beak, which is straight slightly upwards, is 2.7 cm long. They have a weight of 3.7 g. The male looks very dark with a purple glittering front skull and a small, white spot behind the eye. The nape of the neck is copper-colored, the rest of the top with a dark metallic green color, which merges into the bluish tint at the upper tail-ceilings. The underside is blackish blue-green, the rounded tail blue-black. The females have a narrower glittering blue-green headband. The underside is lighter with a grayish complexion. The tail feathers are streaked with gray.

behavior

They behave rather inconspicuously. When they are seated, their navel is usually pointed upwards. You can usually see the birds collecting nectar alone in the lower to middle strata . They prefer long, tubular flowers directed downwards or horizontally, such as. B. heather plants , Gesneria plants and red plants , which they fly to in quick succession from one to the other and visit regularly (traplining). They particularly prefer flowering vines. They also regularly catch smaller insects in flight. Only occasionally do they defend their flowers.

distribution and habitat

Distribution area (green) of the blue-fronted lancet beak

Usually you can find them alone near rushing mountain rivers. There they regularly visit flowering bushes and smaller trees on the edge of the forest. They behave in a similar way to the green-fronted lancet beak ( Doryfera ludovicae ), with which they partly share the same habitat. Blue-fronted lancet beaks are much more often found close to water. They move at altitudes between 400 and 1400 meters. They are often found on shady, wet rock formations or caves, very rarely in sunny, open terrain.

Reproduction

They build the chalice-shaped nest on stone overhangs in caves. They use moss and cobwebs for construction.

Vocalizations

Occasionally they give off a bright- sounding tsit , especially when in flight.

Subspecies

There are two known subspecies:

  • Doryfera johannae johannae ( Bourcier , 1847) - The nominate form occurs in southeastern Colombia, in eastern Ecuador and in northeastern Peru.
  • Doryfera johannae guianensis ( Boucard , 1893) - This subspecies occurs in southern Venezuela, southern Guyana, and northern Brazil.

Etymology and history of research

Jules Bourcier described the blue- fronted lancet beak under the name Trochilus Johannae . The type specimen was Andrew Mathews in (1801-1841) Peru collected. In 1847 John Gould introduced the genus Doryfera for the green-fronted lancet-beak ( Doryfera ludovicae ( Bourcier & Mulsant , 1847)) and the blue-fronted lancet-beak. This name is derived from the Greek words dory , doratos , δορυ, δορατος for 'spear' and pherō , φερω for 'carry'. It is unclear who should be honored with the species name "johannae", as Bourcier did not provide any information. Possibly Jane Cooke, b. Loddiges (1812–1843), meant a daughter of George Loddiges (1786–1846). Bourcier had received his father's manuscript and the bellows from Conrad Loddiges II (1821–1865). "Guianensis" refers to British Guiana , the country in which Henry Whitely had collected the type specimen.

literature

  • Robert Sterling Ridgely, Paul J. Greenfield: Birds of Ecuador Field Guide: Status, Distribution, and Taxonomy . tape 1 . Princeton University Press, Princeton 2001, ISBN 978-0-8014-8720-0 .
  • Robert Sterling Ridgely, Paul J. Greenfield: Birds of Ecuador Field Guide: Field Guide . tape 2 . Princeton University Press, Princeton 2001, ISBN 978-0-8014-8721-7 .
  • Steven Leon Hilty, John A. Gwynne, Guy Tudor : Birds of Venezuela . Princeton University Press, Princeton 2002, ISBN 978-0-691-09250-8 .
  • James A. Jobling: Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names . Christopher Helm, London 2010, ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4 .
  • Jules Bourcier: Description de quinze espèces Trochilidées du cabinet de M. Loddiges . In: Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London . tape 15 , 1847, p. 42-47 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Adolphe Boucard: Description of several supposed new species of humming birds . In: The Humming Bird. A quaterly Scientific, Artistic and Industrial Review . tape 3 , no. 1 , 1893, p. 6-10 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • John Gould: Drafts for a new arrangement of the Trochilidae, with the characters of two new Genera and descriptions of three new species . In: Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London . tape 15 , no. 171 , 1847, pp. 94-196 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).

Web links

Commons : Blue-fronted Lancet-beak ( Doryfera johannae )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d Robert Sterling Ridgely u. a. (Volume 2), p. 249.
  2. ↑ a b Steven Leon Hilty u. a., p. 398.
  3. ↑ Robert Sterling Ridgely et al. a. (Volume 1), p. 340.
  4. ^ IOC World Bird List Hummingbirds
  5. ↑ a b c Jules Bourcier, p. 45.
  6. ↑ a b Adolphe Boucard, p. 10.
  7. ^ John Gould, p. 95.
  8. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 139.
  9. ↑ Jules Bourcier, p. 42.

Remarks

  1. ↑ Trochilus Louise is a synonym for Doryfera ludovicae , Trochilus (Doryfera) violifrons for Doryfera johannae .