Dragon Bridge (Ljubljana)
Coordinates: 46 ° 3 ′ 7 ″ N , 14 ° 30 ′ 37 ″ E
| Dragon bridge Zmajski most |
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| Crossing of | Ljubljanica | |
| place | Ljubljana | |
| construction | Arch bridge (melan construction) | |
| overall length | 45 m | |
| width | 15.2 m | |
| Longest span | 33.34 m | |
| Arrow height | 4.37 m | |
| start of building | 1900 | |
| completion | 1901 | |
| planner | Joseph Melan , Jurij Zaninović | |
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The Dragon Bridge , in Slovenian Zmajski most , is probably the most famous of the numerous bridges over the Ljubljanica in the center of Ljubljana (Laibach) in Slovenia , where it connects the streets Resljeva cesta and Kopitarjeva ulica on the way from the train station to the Castle Hill .
Its name is derived from the four winged dragons at the ends of the bridge, which in turn embody the dragon in the Ljubljana coat of arms.
The bridge, opened in 1901, is considered a masterpiece of Art Nouveau architecture. She was one of the first in Melan construction erected concrete bridges , the first bridge with a paved road in Slovenia and the first reinforced concrete bridge in Ljubljana.
story
The precursor of the Dragon Bridge in the then to Austria-Hungary belonging Ljubljana was the wooden slaughterhouse bridge built in 1819. On the occasion of the celebration of the forty-year anniversary of emperor Franz Joseph I in 1888, not the City Council decided the defective become and the increase in traffic more replace the grown bridge with a new one and name it Franz Josef I. Jubilee Bridge . It took, however, until 1900, until the bridge tender was and Construction Pittel & Brausewetter the contract was awarded for a concrete arch bridge , which by the engineer Joseph Melan constructed and from the Dalmatian architect Jurij Zaninović , a student of Otto Wagner designed, has been.
The groundbreaking ceremony took place on August 5, 1900. The work turned out to be more difficult than expected, as the well-known rock ridge in the underground of Laibach contained a previously undetected fracture and no load-bearing soil was encountered at a greater depth during the subsoil investigations under the bridge. The planned abutments therefore had to be widened to 22.2 m and founded on 150 wooden piles on each side . The construction work then proceeded as planned. Only the removal of the girders supporting the falsework was difficult, as the 56 sand pots were flooded with mud during a flood and could therefore no longer be emptied later easily. After successful endurance tests, the bridge was officially opened on October 4, 1901.
Like many streets and structures, the names of which are reminiscent of members of the imperial family and other representatives of the old order, the bridge was renamed after the end of the monarchy in 1919 - in its case after the dragon figures at the ends of the bridge.
description
The bridge, which crosses the river at a slight angle, is 45 m long and 15.2 m wide. It has a 10 m wide carriageway and walkways that are 2.00 m wide on both sides, which are bordered by balustrades . At their ends, four winged dragons made of sheet copper sit on pedestals with Art Nouveau ornaments. Including the pedestal, the kites are each almost 4.5 m high. On each of the balustrades there are four ornate candelabras , each with four frosted glass spheres , which originally contain gas lamps , now electric lamps . In the middle of the bridge the balustrades are interrupted by parapets , on the outside of which there is a strongly stylized coat of arms of Emperor Franz Joseph I, flanked by the dates 1848 and 1888.
The bridge has a 33.34 m wide cage arch with an arrow height of 4.37 m. It is constructed as a three-hinged arch . The vault thickness is in the arch apex 0.50 m, m in the middle of the leg and 0.70 at the fighters m 0.65. The spandrel each contain three saving sheets of 2.25 m width 0.50 m thick intermediate pillars. In accordance with the Melan construction method, a supporting structure consisting of 14 lattice arch girders was erected at a lateral distance of 1.0 m below the roadway and 1.15 m below the sidewalks, which is reinforced with 4 light cross-frame connections. The girders are made of Siemens-Martin steel from Waagner . The falsework with the formwork for the concrete , which completely envelops the girders , was then attached to the steel arches . The savings arches are also reinforced by curved I-beams .
The roadway girder consists of an 18 cm thick stamped concrete slab with a 4 cm mastic asphalt layer; the sidewalks are 15 cm of concrete and 2 cm of mastic asphalt.
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literature
- Joseph Melan: The Kaiser Franz Josefs Jubilee Bridge in Laibach. In: Journal of the Oesterr. Ingenieur- und Architekten-Verein , No. 21, May 22, 1903, pp. 305–308 (in PDF on p. 43 of 68); with panels XV and XVI after p. 316 (in the PDF on p. 55 of 68)
- L. Slivnik: Three-hinged structures in a historical perspective . In: Paulo J. Cruz (Ed.): Structures and Architecture: New concepts, applications and challenges . CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 2013, ISBN 978-1-4822-2461-0 , pp. 1092 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Dragon Bridge on visitljubljana.com
- ^ Ljubljana: The Dragon Bridge from 1901 on ponton's bridges
- ^ Dragon Bridge (Jurij Zaninović, 1901). In: Art Nouveau city tour in Ljubljana, St. Stanislav High School, Ljubljana 2016, p. 14, on schule.mallinckrodt-gymnasium.de
- ↑ a b c d e Joseph Melan: The Kaiser Franz Josefs Jubilee Bridge in Laibach.
- ↑ Kako so Ljubljančani "pospravili" za Habsburžani in se prikupili novim oblastnikom ( How the residents of Ljubljana "cleaned up" the Habsburgs and gathered under the new rulers ) MMC RTV Slovenija. RTV Slovenija, March 10, 2012, on rtvslo.si