Dark-streaked Scheidling

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Dark-streaked Scheidling
Dark-striped Scheidling (Volvariella volvacea)

Dark-striped Scheidling ( Volvariella volvacea )

Systematics
Class : Agaricomycetes
Subclass : Agaricomycetidae
Order : Mushroom-like (Agaricales)
Family : Roof fungal related (Pluteaceae)
Genre : Scheidlinge ( Volvariella )
Type : Dark-streaked Scheidling
Scientific name
Volvariella volvacea
( Bull  .: Fr. ) Singer

The dark-streaked or black-streaked Scheidling ( Volvariella volvacea ) is a species of fungus from the genus of the Scheidlinge ( Volvariella ) in the family of the roof mushroom relatives (Pluteaceae). It is mainly grown in East Asia as an edible mushroom on straw. This is where the names straw mushroom , rice straw mushroom or rice straw scabbard come from .

features

Macroscopic features

The hat reaches a diameter of 3 to 10 cm. On a light background it is sooty brown to blackish radially overfiber, appears partly completely black in the middle and becomes significantly lighter towards the edge due to the diverging fibers. The hat skin can be peeled off, but in contrast to several related species, it has a dry surface and is often covered with shreds of velum . The densely packed, initially whitish lamellae soon show a flesh-red color. The white stem measures 3 to 9 cm in length and 1.5 to 9.5 cm in width. It has a finely flaky surface and is enveloped at the bulbous base by an often bilobed, bag-like and predominantly dark brown to gray- blackish volva . Basally it is often pale straw-colored to almost whitish and also clearly tomentose. The odor spectrum ranges from unspecific to slightly pelargonium-like .

Microscopic features

1 to 4 spores mature on the basidia , the latter being the rule. The spores are 6 to 8, more rarely 8.5 to a maximum of 9 µm long and at least 4, but usually 4.5 to 5.5 and a maximum of 6 µm wide. They are somewhat thick-walled and very variable in shape. On the lamellar edges there are voluminous, broad, balloon-shaped cystids with a length of up to 110, occasionally also 130 µm and a width of up to 38 µm. At the tip there is often a short or longer beak up to 25 µm long - rarely two beaks per basidia can appear. The volva is covered with up to 50 µm long, cylindrical, septate and rounded hairs. They are pigmented yellowish intracellularly.

ecology

Compost heaps are also part of the substrate spectrum of the dark-striped Scheidling.

The dark-striped Scheidling is a saprobiont . Its fruiting bodies grow from July to October on the edges of forests and roads, under hedges, on fertilized dry grass and meadows as well as in parks and gardens. The fungus can also occur on heavily rotten hardwood and coniferous wood, detritus and bare earth. The species also colonizes compost heaps, pomace , hotbeds and similar secondary habitats .

distribution

The occurrence of the dark-striped Scheidling extends to tropical Asia, Africa and the meridional to temperate Holarctic . In East Asia the species is native to Japan, in North America in the USA and in North Africa in Morocco. Evidence of the European continent exists from the south (Italy, Romania), west (France, Netherlands), the middle (Germany, Austria, Poland, Switzerland, Czech Republic) and the north-east ( Kaliningrad Oblast ). There are even reports from northern Europe (Denmark, southern Norway and Sweden), although the fungus does not usually exceed the 58th parallel northwards. Only in Norway are isolated collections up to the 62nd parallel reported.

In Germany, the dark-striped Scheidling spreads extremely gaps over Bavaria and Baden-Württemberg. The species can occasionally be found in Saarland, North Rhine-Westphalia, Thuringia, Saxony-Anhalt, Saxony, Brandenburg and southern Lower Saxony. However, evidence from Hesse, Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Rhineland-Palatinate and Schleswig-Holstein is still pending.

meaning

The rice straw mushroom has a firm place in Asian cuisine.

In the Thai and Chinese cuisine finds agaric in stir-fries, soups and stews numerous applications and has as cultivated mushrooms economic importance. In Thailand it is called "Het Fang", เห็ด ฟาง. The cultivation takes place on rice straw substrate under shady palm fronds , which creates a growth-promoting microclimate . The kind is now also offered in Central Europe as a preserve in the Asian food trade.

However, the raw dark-striped Scheidling is poisonous, as it has a hemolytic and agglutinating effect, i.e. it dissolves red blood cells or causes them to clump.

Systematics

The Black Volva Scheidling ( Volvariella nigrovolvacea ) is a closely related doppelganger of the dark- striped Scheidling.

In addition to the nominate form, the following varieties are recognized for the dark-striped Scheidling :

  • Volvariella volvacea var. Heimii Singer
  • Volvariella volvacea var. Masseei Singer & Water
  • Volvariella volvacea var. Nigricans Kawam. ex Hongo

The black volva scabbard ( Volvariella nigrovolvacea ), which was first described by Cyril Kosina from the Czech Republic in 1974, looks very similar : its fruiting bodies, however, in contrast to the dark- striped scabbard, have a bald stalk. The species rank of this taxon is controversial.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Karl Esser: Cryptogams. Volume 1: cyanobacteria, algae, fungi, lichens. 3rd, significantly revised edition. Springer, Berlin et al. 2000, ISBN 3-540-66451-3 , p. 473.
  2. ↑ Theodor CH Cole: Dictionary of food. German - English, English - German. = Dictionary of foods. Spektrum, Akademischer Verlag, Heidelberg 2010, ISBN 978-3-8274-1992-7 , p. 152.
  3. ↑ a b c German Josef Krieglsteiner (ed.), Andreas Gminder : Die Großpilze Baden-Württemberg . Volume 4: Mushrooms. Blattpilze II. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2003, ISBN 3-8001-3281-8 .
  4. ↑ Ewald Gerhardt: FSVO manual mushrooms. 4th, revised edition, special edition. BLV, Munich 2006, ISBN 3-8354-0053-3 , p. 171.
  5. ↑ a b Erhard Ludwig : Mushroom Compendium. Volume 1: The smaller genera of the macromyzetes with lamellar hymenophore from the orders Agaricales, Boletales and Polyporales. IHW-Verlag, Eching 2001, ISBN 3-930167-43-3 .
  6. ↑ Thailand's most popular and most consumed edible mushroom . In: Thailand News . Retrieved on January 16, 2012. From: Fundkorb.de . January 3, 2008.
  7. ↑ Dietmar Winterstein: Haemolysins - attacks on the red blood cells . In: The Tintling . Retrieved May 20, 2013.
  8. ↑ Kenneth F. Lampe: Toxic Fungi. In: Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology . Vol. 19, pp. 85-104, PMID 378111 , doi : 10.1146 / annurev.pa.19.040179.000505
  9. ^ Index Fungorum . Retrieved January 6, 2012.
  10. ↑ Cyril Kosina: Nový druh kukmáku, kukmák černopochvý Volvariella nigrovolvacea Kosina, sp. n. In: Mykologický Sborník. Vol. 51, 1974, ISSN  0374-9436 , pp. 129-135, (Czech).

Web links

Commons : Dark-striped Scheidling ( Volvariella volvacea )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files