eCall

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

eCall (short for emergency call ) is an automatic emergency call system for motor vehicles prescribed by the European Union , which manufacturers must install in all new models of cars and light commercial vehicles from March 31, 2018. Devices installed in the vehicle are intended to automatically report a traffic accident to the standardized European emergency number 112 and reduce the number of road deaths thanks to the more quickly initiated rescue measures . eCall is an important project of the eSafety initiative of the European Commission .

history

In 1982 the Federal Highway Research Institute (BASt) in the Federal Republic of Germany tested a similar emergency call system for motor vehicles, also known as the auto emergency call system . It was a small emergency radio device for motor vehicles that was intended to shorten the rescue time in the event of an accident and thus also to reduce the consequences of accidents and to save people. The company AEG-Telefunken , for example, developed an emergency radio with AutoNotfunk , which could be integrated into the dashboard of motor vehicles, and in the event of an accident the respective rescue control center was informed by radio . The radio signal should be received by a relay station and the location of the motor vehicle should be determined by means of observation masts . The cost of the necessary establishment of a nationwide network of monitoring masts and the equipment of the rescue control centers were estimated at one billion DM. The car emergency call system was supposed to supplement the conventional emergency call pillars , and in 1984 the antenna, including installation, was to cost around DM 500 per vehicle. However, the system could not prevail.

In 2001, the project was presented for the first time as a European emergency call system as part of the German youth research competition. The project was then delayed until it was finally taken up again by the European Commission in 2011. Since the start of the system has been delayed again and again, some automobile manufacturers such as Volvo , BMW and Peugeot rely on their own, chargeable (partial) solutions. In March 2016, the accident reporting service (UMD) was presented, which was developed by the insurance industry , IBM and Bosch . This system consists of a plug that is connected to the cigarette lighter and a smartphone app. In the event of an accident, the connector detects the impact with the help of sensors and sends this information to the smartphone. An emergency call center is then alerted via the app installed there. The accident report can also be triggered manually if necessary, for example in the event of a breakdown.

In 2012 there were two different emergency call partners in Austria, the ÖAMTC and an insurance company. At the time, around 50,000 vehicles are connected to the ÖAMTC alone.

On September 8, 2011, the European Commission decided to introduce it for all new cars from 2015. The Commission's recommendation calls on the member states to ensure that mobile operators forward eCall calls as a priority and do not charge any fees. In 2013 the European Commission presented a specific proposal for the introduction and design. The European Parliament discussed this and adopted a proposal on April 15, 2014 in the plenary session of the European Parliament. On May 8, 2014, the Council also adopted the decision drawn up with the European Parliament.

Due to the persistent data protection concerns, the acceptance was further delayed. On 10 December 2014, the Council adopted a proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on requirements for type approval for the introduction of the in-vehicle eCall system in vehicles and amending Directive 2007/46 / EC. Following this agreement between the Council and the European Parliament, the car manufacturers will be obliged from March 31, 2018 to equip all new models (type approval) with the eCall system. The eCall system should dial the uniform emergency number 112 free of charge throughout the Union and automatically alert the rescue workers in the event of a serious traffic accident. With regard to the controversially discussed data protection, it has been agreed that the data used by eCall may not be used for any other purposes and therefore the location data must be continuously deleted. The European Parliament has yet to formally adopt this proposal.

Function and technology of eCall

In an accident, an emergency call is (eCall) to the Euro emergency number triggered 112 a minimum data set directly to an emergency call center - (PSAP Public Safety Answering Point) to settle, and simultaneously establishes a voice connection in the event that a passenger of the crashed cars can still talk. eCall can be triggered automatically and manually. Witnesses of a serious accident could trigger the emergency call at a button in the car.

The minimum data set contains, among other things, the time of the accident, the exact coordinates of the accident location, the direction of travel (important on motorways and in tunnels), vehicle ID, service provider ID and eCall qualifier (triggered automatically or manually). The transmission of data from on-board security systems, such as B. the severity of the accident and the number of occupants, whether the seat belts were worn, whether the vehicle rolled over, possible.

The eCall infrastructure must be available since October 1st, 2017. The new service is available free of charge. All car models newly registered in the EU must be equipped with ecall since April 2018.

Manufacturer

The manufacturers of eCall systems include a. LEAR Corporation, Bosch , Continental AG , Magneti Marelli , Peiker , Harman and novero .

Other aspects

The introduction of eCall requires, among other things, the equipping of vehicles with a Galileo and GSM module , an antenna and an additional control device in which the eCall function is implemented. In this regard, eCall is also seen as a pioneer for traffic telematics among private consumers, since many of the built-in components required for eCall are the same as those required for other telematic applications. With the eCall, a technical platform for additional services could be established in every vehicle at the same time. The regulation provides that extensive additional services can be offered in parallel or based on the on-board eCall system. There are also new business areas for mobile phone providers, as the SIM card required for eCall could optionally also enable chargeable telematics services. Dialing into a cellular network in the planned Europe-wide eCall system does not take place until immediately after the accident, so that there are no movement profiles of vehicles that might be saved on the basis of the telecommunications surveillance ordinance.

However, there is still no clarity about the complete functionality and financing of the system, as the development has not yet been completed. In particular, aspects such as roaming have to be taken into account here, so that a traveler with a German vehicle can get help immediately in Portugal, for example. In terms of financing, the price of the eCall system and possibly a flat rate for operation will be included in the price of this option.

privacy

The eCall system has been criticized for creating the technical basis for an EU-wide surveillance infrastructure despite supposedly good intentions . There is also the possibility that vehicle manufacturers will also use the mandatory existing technology for additional commercial services that may create additional data protection problems (for example “ Pay-As-You-Drive ” insurance contracts, toll collection ).

The real danger for informational self-determination lies in the additional services , because the strict data protection provisions of the regulation only apply to the basic eCall emergency call; the additional services are not covered by this. The private eCall systems in particular are questionable against this background. Embedded in the modern on-board systems, with the appropriate design, practically the entire automotive value chain is able to obtain unlimited data about the vehicle and driving behavior.

The pan-European insurance association Insurance Europe has officially expressed its interest in insurance companies being given access to their customers' eCall data, which could theoretically be used to create specific risk profiles . Due to the lack of transparency of the eCall technology (the extent of the data recording is not made public by the manufacturer), experts see the freedom of the driver at risk. Various voices are calling for the eCall function to be able to be switched off and for drivers to be able to decide on the data transmission themselves. Several associations, including the ADAC , the Federation of German Consumer Organizations and the General Association of the German Insurance Industry , have spoken out in favor of obliging car manufacturers to install an open interface for data transfer. This means that drivers can freely decide to whom to transmit their vehicle data.

In the private accident reporting system (UMD), only data is transmitted during registration and in the event of an accident or breakdown. Rescue workers can be sent to the scene of the accident using this data. According to GDV , it is not possible to draw conclusions about the driving style or movement profiles with the help of the accident reporting service.

Trivia

In December 2007 the TÜV crash facility in Cologne failed to deactivate a similar system prior to a test. As a result of the crash test, the responsible rescue workers were alerted and called on site because the on-board electronics had reported a "serious accident" including GPS coordinates.

See also

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ European Commission: eCall: Time saved = lives saved
  2. ↑ Ordinance of the European Parliament and of the Council of April 29, 2015 (PDF) on requirements for type approval for the introduction of the 112-based in-vehicle eCall system in vehicles and amending Directive 2007/46 / EC
  3. ↑ eCall: Automatic emergency call for traffic accidents from 2015 compulsory in cars
  4. ^ Johannes Emser, Gunter Gutmann, Gernot Riediger, Bernhard Schlag, Wilfried Siegener, Günter Weißbrodt, Christian Willenberg: Autonotfunk - non-technical accompanying research . In: Federal Highway Research Institute (Hrsg.): Project group reports of the Federal Highway Research Institute area accident research . tape 10 . Cologne March 1981.
  5. ↑ Klaus Kirsten, Gernot Riediger, Bernhard Schlag, Wilfried Siegener, Horst Wältring: Autonotfunk - non-technical accompanying research - interim report at the end of 1982 - . In: Federal Highway Research Institute (Hrsg.): Project group reports of the Federal Highway Research Institute area accident research . tape 13 . Cologne April 1983.
  6. ^ Jochen Dilling, Dieter Ellinghaus, Albert Hellendahl, Gerd Hundhausen, Sigrid Metz, Wilfried Siegener, Horst Wältring: Autonotfunk - non-technical accompanying research - final report - . In: Federal Highway Research Institute (Ed.): Project group report of the Federal Highway Research Institute area accident research . tape 16 . Cologne May 1985.
  7. ↑ using GSM technology / 6.html GSM Guardian Angel (automatic emergency call system to locate accident victim GSM technology)  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Jugend forscht , 2001. Retrieved July 4, 2012.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.jugend-forscht.de  
  8. ↑ GSM Guardian Angel (Guardian Angel GSM) emergency services , GSM guardian angels 2001. 4 July 2012 be retrieved.
  9. ↑ EU automobile adopts emergency calls service eCall , Telecom Papier , September 8, 2011. Accessed November 16, 2011.
  10. ↑ BR-online - Bayern 2: How “eCall” is supposed to save lives ( memento from September 25, 2010 in the Internet Archive ), September 14, 2010
  11. ↑ a b Accident reporting service: The most important questions and answers (GDV). Retrieved March 22, 2016 .
  12. ↑ New start for the eCall rescue system in the Salzburger Nachrichten, accessed on October 6, 2012
  13. ↑ Press release European Commission: Life-saving emergency call systems in cars by 2015
  14. ↑ Proposal for a decision of the European Parliament and the Council on the introduction of the interoperable EU-wide eCall service COM (2013) 315 final - 2013/0166 (COD) of June 13, 2013, online .
  15. ↑ Report on the proposal for a decision of the European Parliament and of the Council on the introduction of the interoperable EU-wide eCall service (COM (2013) 0315 - C7-0173 / 2013 - 2013/0166 (COD)), Committee on Transport and Tourism, rapporteur: Philippe De Backer A7-0482 / 2013 .
  16. ↑ Press release 9353/14 of May 8, 2014 (English)
  17. ↑ proposal adopted on December 17, 2014 .
  18. ↑ Robert Bosch GmbH: With the eCall service from Bosch, life-saving help arrives at the scene of the accident faster. In: Bosch Media Service. Retrieved August 4, 2016 .
  19. ↑ press release
  20. ↑ press release
  21. ↑ press release
  22. ^ Vehicle Connectivity Solutions. Retrieved January 22, 2017 .
  23. ↑ heise.de: EU Council adopts the last key points for eCall car emergency calls , accessed on March 2, 2015
  24. ↑ a b Volker Lüdemann, Christin Sengstacken: Lebensretter eCall: Door opener for new telematics services In: RDV 4/2014, pp. 177–182
  25. ↑ Markus Rohwetter: Secret radio in the emergency call In: Die Zeit No. 29, 2014, p. 25.
  26. ↑ autobild.de: Data protection is questionable , February 8, 2012
  27. ↑ Panel discussion “With the eCall into a manufacturer monopoly? Controversy in competition policy through misuse of an emergency facility ” ( Memento of the original from February 18, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , January 26, 2012 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.datenschutzzentrum.de
  28. ↑ E-Safety initiative of the European Commission: eCall FAQ (PDF; 28 kB), December 18, 2009
  29. ↑ CEA position paper on the implementation of eCall. Archived from the original on February 2, 2014 ; accessed on January 22, 2017 .
  30. ^ Insurance Europe comments on the future eCall draft proposal. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on February 2, 2014 ; accessed on January 22, 2017 .
  31. ↑ eCall: Car emergency calls are to become mandatory for cars from 2015. Retrieved January 22, 2017 .
  32. ↑ Storage of on-board computer data: The spy in my car. Retrieved January 22, 2017 .
  33. ↑ financescout24.de: Auto electronics collect data: curse or blessing? , accessed April 11, 2014
  34. ↑ eCall - Warning of data monopoly by car manufacturers. Retrieved January 22, 2017 .
  35. ↑ Fire brigade rescues crash test dummies