Peugeot

This article covers the French automaker. For further meanings, see Peugeot (disambiguation) .

Peugeot
legal form	Part of Groupe PSA
founding	1810
Seat	Rueil-Malmaison , France
management	Jean-Philippe Imparato, CEO
Branch	Automobiles
Website	www.peugeot.com

Some former company logos

A Peugeot from the 1920s in the Musée National de l'Automobile in Mulhouse

Peugeot [ pøˈʒo ] is a French vehicle manufacturer and, with the start of series production in 1891, the oldest car brand still in existence . Peugeot is part of the Groupe PSA . In addition to motor vehicles, Peugeot also produces bicycles , do-it-yourself machines , grinders for the construction industry and spice grinders . Motorcycle production, today Peugeot Motocycles , was spun off into its own company as early as 1926.

The main Peugeot plant is the factory in Sochaux , which opened in 1912 . Other French locations are Mulhouse , Poissy and Rennes . Abroad, Peugeot operates in Portugal ( Mangualde ), Spain ( Madrid and Vigo ), Slovakia ( Trnava ), the Czech Republic ( Kolín ) and Argentina (El Palomar near Buenos Aires and together with FIAT in Córdoba ).

The English plant Ryton-on-Dunsmore , which was taken over by Chrysler United Kingdom in 1979 and where Peugeot built the 206 type from 1998 , was closed at the end of 2006 and production of the successor 207 was continued in Trnava (Slovakia).

The German Peugeot headquarters was based in Saarbrücken from 1936 to the end of 2012 . In 1967 Peugeot Deutschland GmbH was founded. In 2013 the head office was relocated to Cologne and merged with the sister brand Citroën .

Since production began in 1891, over 50 million vehicles have been manufactured worldwide. The 50 millionth Peugeot was a 308 SW . Peugeot models are among the best-selling cars in Europe. In 2007, 1.786 million Peugeot vehicles were sold, which corresponds to an increase of 3.7% compared to the previous year. In 2008 the worldwide sales amounted to 1.904 million vehicles; after a sales low of 1,842,000 vehicles in 2009, the number rose to 2,142,000 units in 2010. In 2012, Peugeot sold 1,700,000 units and in the following year 1,552,700 vehicles.

Company history

Origins

The eponymous founding family Peugeot comes from the Montbéliard area and is of Protestant denomination . Since Montbéliard and the surrounding area were under Württemberg rule from 1397 to 1796 as Grafschaft Montbéliard (German: Grafschaft Mömpelgard ), some jokingly count the Peugeot brand among the "Swabian car brands" (alongside Daimler-Benz , Porsche , NSU ).

As entrepreneurs, the Peugeots first appeared at the end of the 18th century with an oil mill, tannery and dye works in Hérimoncourt . A spinning mill was added later, and a second was opened in Audincourt on the Doubs.

In 1810, the year Peugeot was founded, the brothers Jean-Frédéric and Jean-Pierre Peugeot built an iron foundry on the site of the oil mill in Herimoncourt in view of changing economic conditions. From 1819 roller irons , saw blades, watch springs and corset rods were made from steel strips. Further factories for tools and iron goods were set up in Valentigney and from 1857 in Beaulieu - now Mandeure  .

• 

  Peugeot coffee grinders and advertisements for sewing machines

• 

  Peugeot badge on a 19th century sewing machine

In the second half of the 19th century, the Peugeot product range, which also included mechanical clippers, springs for phonographs, agricultural implements, razor blades, coffee grinders and irons , was known far beyond the borders of France for their quality. To this day, Peugeot still produces tools, pepper and coffee grinders in addition to vehicles.

The “official hour of birth of the lion” is November 20, 1858. On this day, the Peugeot lion (→ Logo section ) was registered as a trademark for Peugeot products.

The good earnings situation also benefited the workforce from the middle of the century. Notable for that time are social institutions such as mutual benefit fund (1853), establishment of a workers' hospital (1870), ten-hour working day (1871) and annual pension for employees (1876). Finally, apartments were also built for the staff.

In 1896 Armand Peugeot founded the Société Anonyme des Automobiles Peugeot with headquarters in Audincourt and Lille .

In the last quarter of the 19th century, Peugeot recognized the signs of the times and increasingly turned to vehicle construction, which is still the focus of company activities today.

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  Peugeot 201 , 1924

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  Peugeot 403 , 1955

• 

  Peugeot 404 , 1965

logo

Since the saw teeth of the Peugeot saw blade production (from 1819) reminded of the jaws of a lion, the lion became the hallmark of Peugeot. In 1858 the lion was registered as a trademark designed by a local goldsmith named Justin Blazer. The lion as the logo symbolizes the three qualities of the saw blades: their robustness, the elasticity of the blades and the quick cut. From 1906 the lion adorned the radiator grilles . It was used as a hood ornament until 1958 . With the model year 1959 this was abolished because it represented a potential danger for pedestrians and cyclists.

Over the years the logo has been modified several times. The posture or position of the lion on the different logos also varies. He stands on four legs on the pepper mills, and sits upright on the bicycles. On the cars, he stands upright on his hind legs with his paws raised (as shown). These three logos are still currently in use.

From 1948 and 203 , the Franche-Comté coat of arms was used as the logo , as a sign of solidarity with the company's home region. Since then, all logo versions of the Peugeot cars have been derived from this coat of arms.

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  Peugeot hood ornament

• 

  Peugeot hood ornament

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  Radiator grille of a Peugeot 203 A

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  The lion on a Peugeot 205

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  The lion on an old Peugeot security

Pepper mills

Pepper mills with the famous Peugeot grinder are a proven Peugeot product. They have been manufactured since 1842, making them the group's oldest products.

Bicycle construction

→ Main article : Peugeot (bicycles)

In 1881, Peugeot began manufacturing bicycles , the importance of which Armand Peugeot recognized during a stay in England. Under the name “Le Français” , the “Fils de Peugeot frères” introduced a penny farthing bike in 1882 .

In 1888, Peugeot established itself on the market with its bicycle models. Now the factory in Beaulieu (now incorporated in Mandeure ) near Valentigney began manufacturing bicycles. The designation Lion (German lion ) was chosen as the brand name based on the company symbol .

Peugeot relied on a wide range of products in the bicycle segment (according to old habits, but also based on careful market observation). In the catalogs of that time, tandems appear, even fours and fives. In 1899 a four-wheeler with two seats was presented as a "Bicyclette sans chaîne" (bicycle without a chain). A low-maintenance cardan drive took over the power transmission to the rear wheel, a technology that was only to establish itself in motorcycles decades later.

Another innovative feature was a folding bike that could be folded up and taken into the apartment to prevent theft. Its frame construction also allowed a stepless adjustment to different body sizes. Both the center distance and the distance of the saddle from the pedals and handlebars could be varied. Two independent brakes guaranteed active safety, and a horseshoe nail extractor should protect against punctures.

In 1906, a two-speed gear hub was installed for the first time on Peugeot bicycles .

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  Peugeot folding bike

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  1980s racing bike

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  New models, Geneva Motor Show 2012

Automobile manufacturing

Peugeot 6 HP Vis-à-vis (1898)

Peugeot Type 19 (1899)

Peugeot Type 139 A Phaeton (1913)

Peugeot 601 C Eclipse Pourtout (1934)

Peugeot 403 Cabriolet (known from the TV series Columbo )

In 1889 Armand Peugeot had the first motor vehicle built, the so-called Serpollet tricycle ; a steam powered vehicle that would be called a “prototype” today. Only with the change to Type 2 was the change to internal combustion engines made , which, however, came from the Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft . In 1896 a Peugeot was registered in Vienna as the first gasoline engine car to be mass-produced. The year 1898 is considered the beginning of the brand's global success. As early as 1900, 500 vehicles and 20,000 bicycles were produced. Up to 1910 there were still two competing Peugeot brands: Automobiles Peugeot with the plants in Audincourt and Lille and Lion-Peugeot in Beaulieu (now part of Mandeure ) near Montbéliard . Both companies then merged to form the Société des Automobiles et Cycles Peugeot .

Another plant was built in Sochaux in 1912 . Trucks were originally produced here . In 1917, the mass production of series vehicles began in this plant. In 1925 the Sochaux plant became the headquarters for car production. The First World War and general mobilization forced many factories, including Peugeot, to use their facilities for war purposes, with the result that no new projects were carried out.

In 1929 the model 201 was presented at the trade fair in Paris . This model, which had been produced a total of 140,000 times by 1936, proved to be particularly successful, gave Peugeot a better financial position and made a significant contribution to its good reputation as a car manufacturer. The 201 was the first vehicle with the later patented middle zero in the model name, which has been preserved to this day. Also in 1929 the diesel engine and the sun roof for the cars were introduced.

After the Second World War , reconstruction began by restructuring the technical equipment and machinery. The new 203 model immediately became a success from 1948. In 1955, the 403 was the first mass-produced Peugeot available with a diesel engine. The 403 is the first Peugeot designed by the Italian designer Pininfarina .

The Model 404 , introduced in 1960, was a huge success across Europe as well as in the French-speaking part of Africa . The 404 was particularly popular as a taxi vehicle in these countries. The constant expansion of Peugeot led to the founding of the Peugeot SA holding company in 1965 , which controls the various companies in the group. In the same year the factory in Mulhouse was built.

1974 Peugeot became majority shareholder in Citroën . Two years later, the merger of the two companies created Groupe PSA . In 1978 PSA bought the European subsidiaries of Chrysler with the brands Chrysler-Simca , Simca , Sunbeam and Matra-Simca . Since the Chrysler name was no longer allowed to be used, the first attempt was to give the new subsidiary the Simca name back, but marketing experts advised against it, as the brand was too attached to Chrysler. From 1979, the brand name of Talbot , a small manufacturer that Simca had taken over in 1959, was used as the brand name for the new subsidiary .

Since the takeover of Talbot turned out to be very difficult and costly, in 1980 the sales and administration of Peugeot and Talbot were merged. Until the appearance of the Peugeot 205 in 1983, the PSA group continued to write in the red, which was favored by strikes, especially at Talbot and Citröen. With the appearance of the Peugeot 205, things went uphill again at Peugeot, only at Talbot things went further downhill and finally the brand was completely abandoned in 1986. The already completed successor to the Talbot Horizon , originally planned as Talbot Arizona, was then brought onto the market in 1985 as the Peugeot 309 .

Motorcycle construction

Peugeot motorcycle with 220 cc engine (1907)

Peugeot P 111 with 327 cm³ (1931)

Peugeot type 176-TC4 with 175 cm³ (1952)

Cyclomoteur Peugeot "BB" (1957)

Peugeot was the most important French motorcycle manufacturer in terms of numbers .

From 1899 motorized two-wheelers with 1.5 hp Zedel engines from Switzerland were produced, which still had to get by without a clutch or gearbox. From 1902 Peugeot built fully-fledged motorcycles, initially with 2 HP Zedel engines, from 1903 with 2.5 and 2.75 HP four-stroke engines with 238 and 333 cm³ displacement, which they developed themselves . A sprung front fork was available at an additional cost. From 1905 onwards, Peugeot also offered two-cylinder engines of different strengths with capacities from 350 to 1000 cm³ delivering power from 2.75 to 7 hp.

Even before the First World War , Peugeot developed into a successful supplier of built-in engines throughout Europe, including for British motorcycle manufacturers such as B. Norton . In 1907 Rem Fowler won the first Tourist Trophy on the Isle of Man in the two-cylinder class on a Norton equipped with a Peugeot engine. In 1909 Peugeot entered the Tourist Trophy with its own racing machines and subsequently won numerous victories in major European and American races.

In 1913, Peugeot made a name for itself on the Paris – Nice long-distance journey with a two-cylinder racing engine, the Peugeot 500 Sport , which had two overhead camshafts and four valves per cylinder with a displacement of 500 cm³ . This allowed speeds of over 120 km / h, but the engine was thermally unstable, which is why the design was not further developed.

The First World War brought the civil motorcycle production of Peugeot to a standstill. In particular, military machines with side-controlled two-cylinder engines and 750 cc displacement were built. After the war, old traditions were followed up and the prestigious racing sport was revived. In 1923, the Peugeot racing machines with a two-cylinder engine newly developed by engineer Lessman Antoinesco with a displacement of 500 cm³ made up to 27 hp and reached top speeds of over 160 km / h.

The 1920s were also characterized by the production of everyday light machines that were equipped with a 250 cc two-stroke engine that developed 3.5 hp, a two-speed gearbox and a sprung front fork. The Cyclo-Moto, which had a motor integrated in the front wheel hub, remained a curiosity.

In 1925, a 175 cm³ two-stroke block engine was presented for the first time, an engine with a gearbox that was no longer attached separately, but rather sat in a common housing with the actual drive. At the same time, a center stand was introduced which, together with a trapezoidal front wheel fork and drum brakes, rounded off the progressive concept.

In 1926, the automobile and motorcycle departments separated at Peugeot and official racing was given up. In the same year, the block engine concept was transferred to the four-stroke engine, and the machines equipped with it established the “P” series, which was to be continued into the 1950s. The P 101, 102, 103 and 104 models were followed in 1927 by the head-controlled top model P 105 with 350 cm³ and their side-controlled little sister models P 107, 108, 109 and 110. In addition, undemanding two-stroke engines with up to 175 cm³ were built. The P 50 model with a 98 cm³ engine was allowed to drive without a license .

In 1930 Peugeot experienced a fiasco with the P 111, which was equipped with a pressed steel fork for cost reasons. The construction was not torsionally rigid, made it unsafe to drive and was quickly dropped again. In 1933 Peugeot presented a new generation of block engines with displacements from 350 to 500 cm³ and side or head-controlled valves. With the top model P 515, speeds of up to 140 km / h were possible.

From 1938 Peugeot - like many other motorcycle manufacturers - had to struggle with sales problems despite a product range tailored to diverse customer needs. From then on - until the end of motorcycle production in 1959 - the focus was on the manufacture of relatively simple machines suitable for mass motorization with displacements between 98 and 175 cm³.

In 1939 the P 53 was presented, which had a 100 cc two-stroke engine with a three-speed gearbox and was available in various equipment variants. With it, the foundation stone was laid for a series of uncomplicated and reliable two-wheelers that were built until the end of the 1950s, but with modest performance, they looked like full-fledged motorcycles and enjoyed great popularity in their home country. However, they were never able to gain a foothold on the German market, which was also dominated by strong brands ( Adler , DKW , NSU , Zündapp ) in the lower displacement classes .

The Second World War and the occupation of France by the German Wehrmacht interrupted the development and production of civil motorcycles at Peugeot.

At the end of 1944, Peugeot announced the production of the P 54, an improved successor to the P 53 developed before the war, which would start the following year. The P 54 still had a 100 cc two-stroke engine with 3-speed gearbox, but now offered a luggage rack, a more elaborate saddle suspension and a tank more reminiscent of motorcycles. The front wheel was still sprung via a trapezoidal fork, and you had to do without a rear wheel suspension.

In 1946 the P 55 appeared, the basic design of which corresponded to the P 54, but which was equipped with a 125 cc two-stroke engine.

In the years up to the end of motorcycle production in 1959, a large number of equipment and performance variants emerged from the P 55. In contrast to the P 55, the P 56 had a four-speed gearshift with the same displacement, the P 155 had a 150 cm³ engine (with four-speed transmission: P 156), the P 255 had a 250 cm³ engine (with four-speed transmission P 256) and the P 356, published in 1957, had a 350 cc engine with two cylinders and a 4-speed gearbox. There were also versions with telescopic fork , rear wheel suspension, elaborate chrome plating, additional trim parts and other special features. The classic look of the original P 55 construction was gradually lost. Compared to German competitors, the early 125 cc type 55 machines are particularly noticeable due to their particularly successful proportions and elegant colors (various beige, gray and brown tones, some with multi-color paint, some with lines). For the collector of classic French motorcycles, they are certainly the most attractive post-war models from Peugeot.

Once again there was a sports motorcycle in Peugeot's post-war program, the 176 GS, which was based on the 176 TC4 released in 1951. This model performed excellently in amateur sport in the 1952 season, which is why Peugeot decided to make a factory appearance at the Bol d'Or . André Bouin took a confident class victory and fifth place in the overall classification. This is why Peugeot fans always just call the 176 GS, which was presented at the end of 1952, “Bol d'Or”.

The most successful moped produced by Peugeot was the "BB", which was built in various model variants from 1957 to 1970. The 50 cm³ single cylinder engine developed 1.35 kW (1.85 hp) and achieved a top speed of up to 55 km / h.

In 1959, motorcycle production was given up at Peugeot. Since then, only mopeds and scooters have been manufactured under the traditional brand.

Motorsport

Mika Häkkinen in a McLaren-Peugeot. Silverstone , July 10, 1994

Peugeot 905 B

A Peugeot 206 WRC at the 2003 Rally Sweden on snow

Peugeot 908 HDi FAP on presentation at Goodwood 2009

Peugeot is primarily involved in rallying . There, for example, the 205, 306, 307 and 206 celebrated successes.

As early as the 1960s, Peugeot won various rallies with the 404 , including the "East African Safari" several times. In 1984, the year he first took part in the World Rally Championship with the Peugeot 205 T16 , the Finn Ari Vatanen demonstrated the potential in Corsica with his temporary leadership. Almost three months later, the first victory in a special stage was achieved at the 1000 Lakes Rally in Finland , after which further successes in the rallies in Sardinia and Wales were pending.

In the following two years, Peugeot dominated the World Rally Championship confidently despite very strong opponents. The two Finns Timo Salonen and Juha Kankkunen became world champions in a row on Peugeot in 1985 and 1986, the title in the brand world championship also went to Paris. This pushed Audi off the podium.

At the RAC rally in late 1985, the second edition of the Peugeot 205 T16 with the factory name Evolution 2 was presented. In order to stay ahead of the growing competition from Audi, Lancia and Ford, it was given a sophisticated wing program and the turbo boost pressure was increased to 2.5 bar. An output of 315 kW (430 hp) at 7500 rpm had now been achieved.

After group B was banned in the mid-1980s, Peugeot continued to successfully implement its rally experience not only in the hill climb on Pikes Peak , but above all in the Raid Dakar rally with the two models 205 and 405. Here, too, the Finn Ari Vatanen was able to enter the annals of Peugeot motorsport history. Peugeot won the Dakar Rally in 1987–1990. In 2015, Peugeot took part in the Dakar Rally again.

Peugeot experienced a return to the top of rallying from 1999 with the introduction of the 206 WRC . With the Finnish driver Marcus Grönholm the drivers' world championship was won in 2000 and 2002, from 2000 to 2002 also three times as a result of the title for the best constructor. The successor to the 206 WRC was the Peugeot 307 WRC (based on the Coupé-Cabriolet version), which was used up to and including 2006; then the Peugeot works team withdrew from the world championship. In the following years, however, Peugeot continued to compete in subordinate series such as the Intercontinental Rally Challenge or the European Rally Championship , with rally versions of the 207 and 208 models being used.

At the end of the 1980s, Peugeot established itself in the field of sports car racing with the 905 . In 1992 and 1993 the 24 Hours of Le Mans were won, as well as the sports car world championship of 1992. After the FIA no longer announced the sports car world championship from 1993, Peugeot withdrew from this segment for the time being. However, he continued to provide engines to the French racing team of Gérard Welter and Henri Pescarolo until the manufacturer returned to Le Mans in 2007 with a Le Mans prototype . The diesel racing car Peugeot 908 HDi FAP , however, lost the race in 2007 and 2008 against the established Audi team. So the factory initially won the Le Mans Series 2007. On June 14, 2009, however, the Peugeot Sport Total team clinched a double victory at the 24 Hours of Le Mans . In the following two years, Peugeot lost again to Audi, but secured the Intercontinental Le Mans Cup with eight wins in ten races. In 2012 the works team withdrew at short notice, despite the season preparations that had begun. The difficult economic situation was cited as the reason.

There were also assignments in touring car racing , which were also successfully completed.

Electric sports car Peugeot EX1

From 1994 to 2000 , Peugeot was an engine supplier for various Formula 1 teams. However, the successes at McLaren , Jordan and Prost did not materialize and the French manufacturer withdrew. At the end of 2000, the Formula 1 engines were sold to the Asiatech company, which used them under its own name, but without any technical changes, in 2001 for Arrows and in 2002 for Minardi .

Less well known is that Peugeot vehicles won the Indianapolis 500 three times ( 1913 by Jules Goux , 1916 by Dario Resta and 1919 by Howard Wilcox ).

And also that on April 27, 2011 the Peugeot EX1 with electric drive lapped the 20.8 km long Nürburgring-Nordschleife in 9: 01.338 minutes.

Automobiles

nomenclature

A success number for Peugeot:
the 205 produced from 1983 to 1998

Peugeot branch in the blue box design introduced around the world in 2003

Until the 1930s, Peugeot simply numbered all of its models under the name Type . Starting with Type 1 to about Type 192 . The Peugeot Bébé ( Type 69 ), which was built in large numbers from 1905 to 1912, should be emphasized as it was the first real small car from Peugeot.

In 1929, Robert Peugeot , the successor to Armand Peugeot, began with the model 201 to provide the vehicles with a numbering system with a center zero. He also introduced the diesel engine and the sunroof . The sequence of numbers 201 came about by chance. This series was the 200th project of the Peugeot development department. The simplicity and clarity of the numbering system meant that all six vehicle classes were designated according to this pattern. The zero in the middle thus became typical for Peugeot and is also protected by trademark law. As a result, in 1963, Porsche lost the name dispute over the Porsche 901 and then called it 911 . The rule of the protected zero in the middle of the number only applies to comparable passenger cars of other brands; there were exceptions for special vehicles from Bristol , BMW and Tatra .

Since 2004, four-digit double zero numbers have been used for special and niche models (e.g. for models 1007 , 4007 , 3008 and 5008 ) .

Since the beginning of the 1990s, with the start of production of the Peugeot Boxer in 1994, the manufacturer no longer describes its commercial vehicles with letter-number combinations such as J5 . Apart from the Bipper and Partner or Ranch high-roof station wagons based on small delivery  vehicles, the Peugeot RCZ sports coupé - presented in 2009 and available on the market since May 2010 - is the only Peugeot car to date that does not have a model number.

In 2012, Peugeot announced that in future the standard models would only end with “1” or “8”. So the successor to the 308 will be called 308 again, or the successor to the 107 will also be called 108. In order to create space for the growing model family, cheaper models such. B. like the world car 301 always wear the "1" on the back.

New car registrations in Germany

year	units	Market share
2017	70.930	2.1%
2016	56,760	1.7%
2015	54,259	1.7%
2014	054.096	1.8%
2013	054,736	1.9%
2012	071,435	2.30%
2011	082,743	2.60%
2010	084,242	2.89%
2009	130.207	3.42%
2008	094,676	3.06%
2007	093.394	2.97%
2006	111.151	3.21%
2005	118.038	3.53%
2004	121.914	3.73%
2003	123.791	3.82%

Source: Federal Motor Transport Authority (KBA)

Timelines

Timeline of the Peugeot models from 1889 to 1944
Type	1880s	1890s										1900s										1910s										1920s										1930s										1940s
	9	0	1	2	3	4th	5	6th	7th	8th	9	0	1	2	3	4th	5	6th	7th	8th	9	0	1	2	3	4th	5	6th	7th	8th	9	0	1	2	3	4th	5	6th	7th	8th	9	0	1	2	3	4th	5	6th	7th	8th	9	0	1	2	3	4th
Small car	1	2	3 / 4			5 / 6 / 7 / 8				21 / 24 / 30 / 31				37	54	57	69 "Bébé"								B P1 / B3 / P1 "Bébé" [1]								161/172 "Quadrilette"								190
											26 / 27 / 28				48							126																			201									202 ...
Compact class									14 / 15 / 25						56	58	68	VA / VC / VY [1]				V2C / V2Y [1]			VD / VD2 [1]						159	163/163 BS												301				302
													33 / 36			63			99	108	118	125													173 / 177 / 181 / 183
Middle class						9 / 10 / 11 / 12				16 / 17 / 19 / 32				49/50		65/67	77	78	88			127		143		153						153 B / BR					176									401				402
								18th						39		61	71	81	96	106	116	126	138												175
upper middle class										23					42/43/44	62	72	82	92	104	112/117/122/130/134		139		145/146/148										174 / 184											601
																66	76	83	93				135									156
Upper class																		80	103		113		141			147/150
																		85	95	105
Convertible / Spider																		91		101/120		133 / 111/129/131	136			144
Box van							13			22nd			34/35
minibus									20 / 29											107

^[1] marketed as "Lion-Peugeot"

Timeline of the Peugeot models since 1945
Type	40s					50s										60s										70s										80s										90s										2000s										2010s										2020s
	5	6th	7th	8th	9	0	1	2	3	4th	5	6th	7th	8th	9	0	1	2	3	4th	5	6th	7th	8th	9	0	1	2	3	4th	5	6th	7th	8th	9	0	1	2	3	4th	5	6th	7th	8th	9	0	1	2	3	4th	5	6th	7th	8th	9	0	1	2	3	4th	5	6th	7th	8th	9	0	1	2	3	4th	5	6th	7th	8th	9	0
Microcar																																																																			ion
																																														106														107										108
Small car																										104																	205														206
	202																																																													207						208 I.							208 II
Compact class																					204																																																301
				203																					304								305																306								307						308 I.							308 II
Lower middle class																																										309																								408 I.				408 II
Middle class											403							404																									405										406							407
																																				505																															508 I.							508 II
upper middle class																								504
																														604															605										607
Coupe																																																																		RCZ
																		404 coupe							504 coupe																												406 coupe								407 coupe
Minivan																																																													1007
Crossover																																																																					2008 I.							2008 II
																																																																	3008 I.
SUV																																																																								3008 II
																																																																				4008
																																																															4007
																																																																									5008 II
Compact van																																																																	5008 I.
Van																																																		806								807
Off-road vehicle																																					P4
Pick up												403 truck											404 pick up												504 pick up																																						Pick up			Land trek
High roof combination																																																																								Traveler
Box van																																							205 Multi / Fourgonnette
																																																																Bipper
																																																				partner												partner										Rifter
Transporter						D3						D4									J7																J9														Expert												Expert								Expert
																																					J5												boxer													boxer
Based on a Mercedes-Benz Together with the Fiat Group - as Peugeot, Citroën, Fiat and Lancia from SEVEL Nord Together with the Fiat Group - as Peugeot, Citroën, Fiat, Talbot and RAM from SEVEL Sud Together with the Fiat Group - as Peugeot, Citroën and Fiat from Tofaş Based on a Mitsubishi From Dongfeng based on a Nissan Together with Opel - as Peugeot, Citroën and Opel Together with Toyota - as Peugeot, Citroën and Toyota from TPCA Together with Toyota - as Peugeot, Citroën and Toyota from SEVEL Nord

Model history

Models built since 1 January 2000 with a petrol engine , except for the Model 406 with engine 2.0 HPi who can not tolerate ethanol blend of 10% (E10).

Construction time production since	model series	annotation	image
Current model range (cars)
2014	108	A small car that is almost identical to the Toyota Aygo and Citroën C1 and is manufactured in the Czech Republic.
2019	208 II	Peugeot presented the second generation of the 208 in spring 2019. It is the first Peugeot model to be based on the PSA Group's Common Modular Platform (CMP). The technology is also used in the Opel Corsa F used. The vehicle is also available as a battery-powered e-208.
2019	2008 II	The second generation of the crossover SUV was presented in summer 2019. It is also available as an e-2008 with an electric drive.
2013	308 II	The successor to the compact model introduced in the summer of 2007 retained the name for the first time in the history of the manufacturer. The second generation came to the dealerships in September 2013 as a hatchback sedan, which, unlike its predecessor, is only available with five doors. A station wagon is available again.
2016	3008 II	The second generation of the 3008 was presented in autumn 2016. The model has also been available with a plug-in hybrid drive since the end of 2019.
2018	508 II	The second generation of the 508 was presented at the Geneva Motor Show in March 2018. A coupè sedan with a sporty look. On the market in Germany from March 2019.
2017	5008 II	The second generation of the 5008 is now an SUV instead of a van. It went on sale in 2017.
In addition to these vehicles, vehicles from the 405 and 505 series have been sold in some non-European countries for many years.
Construction period Produced vehicles	model series	annotation	image
commercial vehicles
1941-1950	Peugeot DMA	Small van, offered between 1948 and 1950 as the Peugeot Q3A.
1946-1955	Peugeot D3	Small transporter, similar to the "VW Transporter"
1955-1965	Peugeot D4	Successor to the D3, predecessor to the J 7
1968-1980	Peugeot J7	Vans
1980-1987	Peugeot J9	Vans
1981-1994	Peugeot J5	Larger pickup truck built by Sevel. It shares  the same floor pan with the Citroën C25 and the Fiat Ducato I.
since 1994	Peugeot Boxer	A van with four different wheelbases and three roof heights. It is available as a box, station wagon or chassis with or without a driver's cab, as well as various special designs. Related models: Citroën Jumper and Fiat Ducato . A model change took place in summer 2006.
since 1995	Peugeot Expert	The commercial vehicle version of the Vans 806/807 with up to nine seats and as a panel van and chassis with two wheelbases. The Expert is also almost identical to the Citroën Jumpy and Fiat Scudo models . The second generation went on sale at the beginning of 2007.
1996-2018	Peugeot partner	A high-roof station wagon that is identical to the Citroën Berlingo . Since the end of 1996 it has been in the program as a delivery van or car. The second generation has been on the market since spring 2008.
2008-2014	Peugeot Bipper	A van that shares the same platform with the Citroën Nemo and the Fiat Fiorino . It is available as a delivery van or a car version (Tepee).
since 2016	Peugeot Traveler	The van introduced in 2016 shares the technology with the Citroën Spacetourer , the Opel Zafira Life and the Toyota Proace Verso .
since 2018	Peugeot Rifter	A high-roof estate that replaced the Peugeot Partner in 2018.
Construction period Produced vehicles	model series	annotation	image
Sports car
1989-1993	Peugeot 905	Sports car, won the World Sports Car Championship in 1992 and the Le Mans 24 Hours in 1992 and 1993
2007-2010	Peugeot 908	Sports car
Construction period Produced vehicles	model series	annotation	image
First cars up to 1929 (old type designation)
1889 1 piece	Type 1	Serpollet tricycle ; first Peugeot vehicle, the only one with steam drive
1890/1891 4 pieces	Type 2	V2 cylinder, 565 cm³, 2 HP, rear engine, chain drive
1891–1893 64 pieces	Type 3
1893–1896 18 pieces	Type 8	V2 cylinder Panhard & Levassor (license Daimler), 1282 cm³, 3 HP
1894-1896 87 pieces	Type 9
1897–1901 400 pieces	Type 15	First own Peugeot engine (previously mostly Daimler engines)
1900–1902 49 pieces	Type 35
1901/1902 111 pieces	Type 36	First Peugeot with a front engine
1902 100 pieces	Type 39	First Peugeot with a 4-cylinder engine
1902–1909 131 pieces	Type 48
1903 76 pieces	Type 43
1903 58 pieces	Type 44
1903 138 pieces	Type 50
1904 235 pieces	Type 67
1905–1912 400 pieces	Type 69	Bébé ; first real small car with a water-cooled 1-cylinder engine
1906 4 pieces	Type 79
1908/1909 23 pieces	Type 105	Largest Peugeot engine: 11.2 liter displacement, 6 cylinders
1908 11 pieces	Type 120
1909 200 pieces	Type 111
1909 104 pieces	Type 117
1910 34 pieces	Type 122
1910–1912 1226 pieces	Type 127
1910 180 pieces	Type 129
1910 85 pieces	Type 130
1910 50 pieces	Type 131
1910 16 pieces	Type 134
1912–1913 300 pieces	Type 143	First 4-cylinder engine with 4 valves per cylinder and 4 overhead camshafts
1913/1914 83 pieces	Type 148
1913/1914 201 pieces	Type 501	Commercial vehicle chassis
1914 49 pieces	Type 150
1920 9 pieces	Type 164
1921/1922 3500 pieces	Type 161	Quadrilette (type 161/161 E); New price 1921 (each without taxes): Without roof, lamps and spare wheel 9,400 old French francs; with lamps, roof and spare wheel 9,900 old French francs. For comparison: the average income of a worker at the time was 540 old French francs.
1922–1926 42908 pieces	Type 172	Quadrilette (Type 172: 8,705 pieces; Type 172 BC: 7,084 pieces; Type 172 BS / R / S: 27,119 pieces)
1923–1928 1018 pieces	Type 174	Middle class model between the two world wars
1927–1929 2550 pieces	Type 1583	Commercial vehicle chassis
1928–1932 2998 pieces	Type 183	With six-cylinder engine
1929–1931 33677 pieces	Type 190	Last Peugeot according to old type numbers, predecessor of the Peugeot 201
Cars from 1929 (new type designation)
1929–1933 72,349 pieces	201	First car in the world with independent suspension. The new nomenclature (type designation) was introduced with the 201 . From now on, the models were only designated with a number, without the addition “Type”, i.e. 201 .
1932–1937 70,497 pieces	301	Mid-range model, slightly larger than the 201
1934–1935 13,550 pieces	401	79 of them as Cabriolet Eclipse , the first car with a fully retractable steel roof.
1934–1936 3999 pieces	601	With a displacement of 2.1 liters, the last six-cylinder engine from Peugeot for 40 years.
1936–1942 70,469 pieces	402	First vehicle that was also available as a folding roof convertible.
1937/1938 25,083 pieces	302	Little brother of the 402, also as a convertible
1937/1938 104 pieces	302/402 Darl'mat	Sports car based on the 302 or 402
1938–1948 104,126 pieces	202	Small car in the look of the 402
1941–1944 377 pieces	Peugeot VLV	Small electric vehicle
1948–1960 685,628 pieces	203	First Peugeot after World War II. Body variants were sedan, station wagon, convertible and (as a sedan conversion) a coupé.
1955–1967 1,214,100 pieces	403	First Peugeot designed by Pininfarina , which was also available as a station wagon, convertible and pick-up truck (all from summer 1956) with 1.3 to 1.8 liter engines. The 403 Cabrio was the company car of the American film inspector Columbo . The last version of the Camion was phased out in the spring of 1967 (all others six months earlier).
1960–1975 2,885,267 pieces	404	The 404 was a mid-size sedan again drawn by Pininfarina. Other variants were the station wagon (Break, Commerciale, Familiale) Cabriolet, Coupé and panel van (Camionnette). The 404 was produced parallel to the 403 for almost seven years, as it had a slightly more sophisticated equipment and more powerful engines (1.6 to 1.9 liters) than this one, which is why the 404 was often referred to as the "upper middle class". Until 1989 it was still produced in a van version in Africa.
1965–1976 1,604,290 pieces	204	The 204, offered from the summer of 1965, was the first Peugeot with front-wheel drive and a thoroughly successful competitor of the Renault 6 . The body variants included a notchback sedan, a hatchback coupé, a station wagon, a small delivery van (Fourgonette) and a convertible. Production was stopped in the summer of 1976.
1968–1983 3,689,166 pieces	504	One of the most successful Peugeot models that was particularly popular in Africa, the Middle East and South America, where it was built until the end of 2005. Based on the sedan introduced in late summer 1968, coupé and convertible were also manufactured from spring 1969. The station wagon followed in spring 1971. In the summer of 1977 the sedan and station wagon were revised. The sedan was offered in Germany until the end of 1981 and the station wagon until spring 1982, although they rolled off the production line in France until the end of 1983. The production of coupé and convertible ended in mid-1983.
1969–1980 1,178,422 pieces	304	In the autumn of 1969 it was presented as a revised version of the 204 with a larger engine (1300 cm³), modified fenders, radiator grille and headlights and a 15 cm longer rear with larger taillights. In contrast to this, it ran off the production line until the fall of 1980. The body versions also corresponded to the 204.
1972–1988 1,624,990 pieces	104	The "Sparrow of Paris", also sold as Citroën LN and LNA and Talbot Samba .
1975–1986 153,252 pieces	604	Luxury sedan, some with a V6 engine. In addition to the French President, he was also driven by the GDR Party Secretary Erich Honecker and the Polish Party Secretary and General Wojciech Jaruzelski .
1977-1988	305	This model was initially only available as a four-door sedan. In the summer of 1980 the station wagon (Break) followed.
1979–1992 1,351,254 pieces	505	Like the predecessor 403/404, it is particularly solid, therefore also called "France's Mercedes". In the spring of 1982 a station wagon (Break) was added to the program. The sedan was manufactured until mid-1989, the station wagon did not expire until early 1992.
1983–1998 5,278,000 pieces	205	The 205 succeeded the 104 series in the summer of 1983, also as a three- and five-door hatchback. After five years of development, Peugeot introduced its new brand face with the 205. It was a great success for Peugeot. The 205 already received numerous awards in its first year: it was awarded the “Golden Steering Wheel”, it was named “Best Small Car” and “Car of the Year”. It was also world rally champion in 1985 and at times became the best-selling car in Europe. From 1986 to 1994 it was also built as a convertible, including a special “ Roland Garros ” model.
1985-1993 1,635,132 pieces	309	After the decision to discontinue the Talbot brand, which is steeped in tradition but now has a poor image , the already fully developed Talbot Arizona was renamed the Peugeot 309 .
1987-1996	405	The 405 represented the 205 for the middle class. It replaced the 305 and was offered as a sedan (1987-1995) and Break (1988-1996).
1989-1999	605	Upper middle class limousine and one of the official cars of French Presidents François Mitterrand and Jacques Chirac .
1991–2003 2,798,200 pieces	106	Successful small car based on the Citroën AX . The 106 was available as a three- or five-door model. A facelift followed in May 1996, which brought it visually and technically closer to the Citroën Saxo , which was celebrating its premiere at the time.
1993-2001	306	Successor to the 309, but significantly more varied than this one. It was available as a three- and five-door hatchback and from 1994 as a four-door notchback and convertible. In mid-1997 the series received a facelift, which also saw the introduction of a station wagon. Clear glass headlights followed in 1999 and modern engines a year later.
1994-2002	806	First MPV from cooperation with Citroën, Fiat and Lancia (also known as Euro-Vans ).
1995-2005 approx. 1,500,000 pieces	406	The successor to the 405 first came onto the market as a sedan, which was followed by the break in autumn 1996. In addition, there was again a Coupé from Pininfarina from spring 1997. In the spring of 1999 the 406 was revised, which made the front look more aggressive and the engines strengthened. The 406 was also known from the movie Taxi Taxi . While the sedan and station wagon were produced until spring 2004, the last version of the coupé, the Ultima Editione, rolled off the production line until mid-2005.
1998–2012 hours. End of 2007: approx. 6,300,000 pieces	206	With more than 5 million vehicles sold by 2005, the Peugeot 206 became the most successful small car in Europe, was the best-selling import car for four years and has been the best-selling Peugeot of all time there since 2007. With 410,704 registered copies in Germany, it has overtaken its predecessor 205. The 206 CC, which was available from 2000, was sold over 100,000 times. This Peugeot was also very successful in motorsport for a long time. The hatchback sedan continued to be produced as the 206+ from spring 2009 to the end of 2012 (as of February 2012) . The station wagon was sold until spring 2007 and the convertible 206 CC until summer 2007.
2000-2010	607	The 607 came on the market in spring 2000 as the last model in the upper middle class and the flagship of Peugeot. It was also the first vehicle with a diesel particulate filter .
2001-2008	307	A successful representative of the compact class , which was available in many body styles (hatchback, station wagon and coupé-convertible). The entire series was revised in mid-2005. Combination variants were available with five seats (Break) or with a glass roof and two individual seats in the third row of seats (SW).
2002-2014	807	This van , the so-called Euro-Van , is a joint development between PSA and the Fiat group. The 807 replaced the 806 for 12 years until it was discontinued in mid-2014.
2003-2008	307 CC	Coupé-convertible of the 307 with electrohydraulic metal roof.
2004-2010	407	The 407 is a mid-range car and replaced the 406 in spring 2004. It shared many components with its sister company, the Citroën C5 . The station wagon version was available with a large glass roof and an extravagant design, but with less cargo space than in the 406 Break.
2005-2011	407 coupe	Unlike its predecessor, the 407 Coupé, introduced at the end of 2005, was no longer designed by Pininfarina , but in the Center Style Peugeot.
2005-2009	1007	A microvan based on the same platform as the 207. It was presented at the Paris Motor Show in 2002 as the “Sésame” study and came onto the market in spring 2005. The two electrically operated sliding doors, which were also retained in the production vehicle, were particularly striking.
2005-2014	107	A small car that was identical to the Citroën C1 and Toyota Aygo and how they were made in the Czech Republic. At the beginning of 2009, the 107 received an external facelift. Another, more in-depth revision followed in early 2012.
2006-2013	207	Successor to the successful 206, was also available as a convertible (CC) and station wagon (SW) from summer 2007. An optical facelift followed in mid-2009. The hatchback version was discontinued at the end of 2012.
2007-2015	207 CC	The 207 CC was the successor to the 206 CC from spring 2007. Although the hatchback sedan of the 207 was discontinued in mid-2012, the convertible rolled off the assembly line until spring 2015. There will be no more successor for the time being.
2007–2012	4007	The 4007 was the first SUV in the Peugeot range when it appeared in summer 2007. It was also the sister model of the Citroën C-Crosser and Mitsubishi Outlander .
2007-2013	308 I.	The first generation of the 308 was presented in summer 2007. It was also available as a station wagon.
2009-2015	308 CC	The coupé-cabriolet of the first 308 (with a limited range of engines) rolled off the assembly line until spring 2015. Like the now discontinued hatchback sedan and the station wagon, the 308 CC received a facelift in spring 2011, which can be seen from the smaller radiator grille.
2009-2016	3008 I.	The 3008 is a crossover model based on the first 308 and is only available as a five-seater. Although based on the same platform as the 308, the model is significantly taller and slightly longer and wider than this one. At the beginning it was only offered with front-wheel drive. A facelift with modernized engines followed in autumn 2013.
2009-2017	5008 I.	The 5008 is a compact van based on the Peugeot 308 and the Citroën C4 Picasso . The presentation took place at the IAA 2009. The vehicle has been available since the end of October 2009. A modified model was presented at the IAA in autumn 2013.
2009-2020	ion	The iOn is an electric car from Peugeot. The Mitsubishi i-MiEV and the Citroën C-Zero are identical.
2010-2015	RCZ	A sports coupé based on the 308 introduced in summer 2007, which was manufactured by Magna Steyr in Austria. The engine range at times comprised two petrol and one diesel. At the beginning of 2013 the RCZ underwent slight optical modifications.
2011-2018	508 I.	At the beginning of 2011, the 508, built as a sedan and wagon SW , replaced the mid-range model 407. However, it also inherited the previous flagship 607, of which there is currently no direct successor. Two 1.6-liter engines with 120 hp or 156 hp with turbocharger are available as gasoline. The turbo-diesel engines range from a 1.6 l with 112 hp to a 2.2 l engine with 204 hp. In spring 2012, the 508 RXH, an all-wheel drive vehicle as a diesel hybrid with 200 hp and 99 g of CO 2 emissions, came onto the market. In autumn 2014, the series was mainly optically revised, while in spring 2015 a changed range of drives followed.
2012-2017	4008	The 4008, launched in June 2012, is a compact SUV that shares the platform with the Mitsubishi ASX and its corporate brother, the Citroën C4 Aircross .
2012-2019	208 I.	In April 2012, the 208, as a three- and five-door hatchback model, replaced the 207 after just under six years. A convertible version of the 208 will follow, but there will no longer be a station wagon version. It will be replaced by the compact SUV in 2008.
2013-2019	2008 I.	In April 2013, the 2008 crossover SUV was introduced, replacing the station wagon version of the 207. The platform is based on the 208 and is offered with three petrol and three diesel engines.
Construction period Produced vehicles	model series	annotation	image
Concept vehicles
1980-1982	Peugeot Vera	Study on the reduction of gasoline consumption based on a Peugeot 305 .
1984	Peugeot Quasar	Sports car
1986	Peugeot Proxima	Sports car
1986	Peugeot 309 Break	Everyday car
1989	Peugeot Oxia	Super sports car with design elements of the 405
1994	Peugeot Ion	Small car study
1995	Peugeot Tulip	Small car study with similarities to the Smart .
1996	Peugeot Toscana	Open study on the 406
1996	Peugeot asphalt	Small roadster with headlight optics from the 206
1996	Peugeot Touareg	Small buggy off-roader
1997	Peugeot 806 runabout	Small car show car with a yacht look
1998	Peugeot 20cœur	Open study on the 206 CC
2000	Peugeot VrooMster	Fun car
2000	Peugeot Bobslid	Small car show car
2000	Peugeot E-doll	Design study
2000	Peugeot Kart'up	Design study
2000	Peugeot Promethee	Small car study with the front of the 307
2000	Peugeot 607 Feline	Roadster study
2001	Peugeot Moonster	Design study
2002	Peugeot RC	Sports car
2002	Peugeot H 2 O	Show car
2002	Peugeot Sesame	Close-to-series study for the 1007
2003	Peugeot 407 Elixir	Compact coupé study for the 407
2003	Peugeot Hoggar	Desert buggy with two diesel engines (181 hp per engine)
2003	Peugeot 407 silhouette	Touring sport study for the 407th
2004	Peugeot Quark	Quad study
2004	Peugeot 907	Super coupé with a V12 engine.
2004	Peugeot 4002	Design study
2004	Peugeot Moovie	Award-winning and 1: 1 built winning draft of a design competition
2005	Peugeot 407 Prologue	Close-to-production version of the 407 Coupé
2005	Peugeot 20Cup	Three-wheel mix of 207 and motorcycle
2006	Peugeot 207 RCup	Touring car study for the 207
2006	Peugeot 908 RC	Luxury sedan with engine from the Peugeot 908 HDi FAP
2006	Peugeot 307 Diesel Hybrid	Concept vehicle
2007	Peugeot Flux	Design study
2008	Peugeot RC HYmotion4	Concept car
2009	Peugeot BB1	Electric vehicle study
2010	Peugeot SR1	Concept car
2010	Peugeot EX1	Fully electric concept car with an empty weight of 750 kg for the company's 200th anniversary
2012	Peugeot Onyx
2014	Peugeot Exalt	Concept vehicle that is seen as a “foretaste” of a future Peugeot 608 .
2014	Peugeot Quartz	Crossover concept vehicle
2015	Peugeot fractal
2017	Peugeot Instinct
2018	Peugeot e-Legend

Scooter

→ Main article : Peugeot Motocycles

Scooters are made by Peugeot Motocycles , which also belongs to Groupe PSA . In January 2015 the Indian automobile manufacturer Mahindra & Mahindra Limited acquired a majority stake of 51% in Peugeot Motocycles with its subsidiary Mahindra Two Wheelers Limited.

Mobility service

In addition to vehicle construction and sales, Peugeot is also active in the rental car business with its Peugeot Rent and Mu by Peugeot offers . In addition to sports cars, commercial vehicles and two-wheelers, accessories such as roof boxes , child seats and bike racks can also be hired on a daily basis.

literature

• Hans-Christian Herrmann: Peugeot in Germany. Wolf, Riedstadt 2012, ISBN 978-3-934820-23-4 .

Web links

Commons : Peugeot  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

• Official website of Peugeot
• Official website of Peugeot Scooters
• Website about historical Peugeot cars
• Peugeot motorcycle history website
• Website on the Protestant origins of the Peugeot family

Individual evidence

1. ↑ 49 ° 12 ′ 0 ″  N , 7 ° 1 ′ 8 ″  E
2. ^ Peugeot Germany: Au revoir, Saarbrücken
3. ↑ PSA Peugeot Citroën: a range of automotive expertise, 2007 ( Memento from April 23, 2008 in the Internet Archive )
4. ↑ Profile PSA Peugeot Citroën ( Memento from May 15, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) (English)
5. ↑ PSA-Group: Results and Key Figures ( Memento from April 22, 2008 in the Internet Archive )
6. ↑ Registration Document (Annual financial report) 2013 (PDF; 3.3 MB). PSA Peugeot Citroën, February 19, 2014.
7. ↑ ^{a b c} motor-talk.de: The Peugeot Lion: 150 years and not a bit quiet (named as source: Peugeot Germany), March 28, 2008. Accessed on May 12, 2010
8. ↑ ^{a b c d e} Peugeot Austria: From grain to steel: The history of the Peugeot family ( Memento from March 27, 2010 in the Internet Archive ). Retrieved May 12, 2010
9. ↑ Peugeot Austria: Peugeot in Austria - represented for over 100 years! ( Memento from May 1, 2010 in the Internet Archive ). Retrieved May 12, 2010
10. ↑ See: Le blog de breton en BB
11. ↑ Martin's Peugeot 404 page ( Memento from August 31, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
12. ↑ Article by Mike Tippett  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )
13. ↑ Guido Quirmbach: Shock: Peugeot stops LMP program immediately. For economic reasons, no Peugeot 908 in the World Cup and in Le Mans. Report at Speedweek.de from January 18, 2012.
14. ↑ On record drive at the Nürburgring - electric cars in motorsport. In: Langstrecken.org. November 21, 2011, accessed September 12, 2019.
15. ^ Wolfgang Schmarbeck: All Peugeot automobiles. 1890-1990. Motorbuch Verlag, Stuttgart 1990, ISBN 3-613-01351-7 , p. 13.
16. ↑ Newsletter July 2012 All around zero - changes in the model names ( Memento from November 11, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
17. ↑ FAQ - Frequently asked questions
18. ↑ auto-motor-und-sport.de from December 14, 2010 , accessed on September 13, 2019.
19. ↑ Press release from Mahindra: Mahindra Two Wheelers and Peugeot Motocycles complete strategic partnership
20. ^ German-language website for the Mu by Peugeot offer