Real jasmine
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Real jasmine ( Jasminum officinale ) |
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The real jasmine or common jasmine ( Jasminum officinale ) is a climbing wood that attracts attention with its decorative white and fragrant flowers.
Surname
As a name for the real jasmine, the word "jasmine" was adopted from Latin in various variants in German in the course of the 16th century. In addition, there was initially the word "veiolräben" (violet vines), but this did not catch on in the long term.
description
The jasmine is a deciduous, 0.4 to 5 meters, in trellises up to 10 meters high climbing shrub with green, square, thin and rod-shaped branches. The leaves are opposite and are composed of five to nine leaflets . The leaflets are elliptical, pointed and 1 to 6 inches long. The flowers are up to ten in clusters. They are white, fragrant, about 2.5 centimeters wide and stand on 0.4 to 2.5 centimeters long flower stalks. The calyx is 1 to 3 millimeters in size, glabrous or not very hairy. The coronet is five-lobed and 6 to 12 millimeters long.
The jasmine blooms from June to September.
Round to oval berries are formed as fruits , which are dark red when ripe and later turn purple.
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 26.
Distribution and ecology
The natural distribution area of the real jasmine is in the Himalayas , in Kashmir and in southwest China at altitudes of 1,800 to 4,000 meters. It was naturalized in Europe, you can find it on the Iberian Peninsula , in France and Romania, outside of Europe also in the Caucasus and Iran. It grows in steppes and dry forests on moderately dry to fresh, nutrient-rich soils that can be weakly acidic to weakly alkaline, gravelly or sandy, loamy. It is sensitive to frost and prefers sunny and hot locations.
Systematics
The True Jasmine is a member of the genus Jasminum in the family of Olive Family (Oleaceae). There the genus is assigned to the tribe Jasmineae . There are three varieties :
- Jasminum officinale var. Officinale : The terminal leaflets reach a length of 1 to 4.5 centimeters and a width of 0.4 to 2 centimeters. Young shoots, petioles, leaves and calyx are glabrous or finely hairy.
- Jasminum officinale var. Piliferum P.Y.Pai : The terminal leaflet reach a length of 1 to 4.5 centimeters and a width from 0.4 to 2 centimeters. Young shoots, petioles, leaves and calyx are hairy adjacent to them.
- Jasminum officinale var. Tibeticum C.Y.Wu with terminal leaflets that are 0.5 to 1.6 centimeters long and 0.2 to 0.5 centimeters wide.
use
The jasmine is cultivated as an ornamental shrub because of its decorative and fragrant flowers . The essential oil , which is obtained as an absolute using a solvent , is used in aromatherapy , for perfume production and as a flavoring substance, for example for jasmine tea or maraschino cherries . In the Orient and China, fragrant oils have been extracted from the flowers of jasmine for thousands of years, which is also expressed in its Arabic name ( jasamin stands for "fragrant oil" and goes back to the Persian yasmin ). It came to Central Europe from Turkish gardens via Italy in the second half of the 16th century.
Trivia
The jasmine is the national flower of Tunisia and Pakistan .
swell
literature
- Andreas Roloff, Andreas Bärtels: Flora of the woods. Purpose, properties and use . 3rd, corrected edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2008, ISBN 978-3-8001-5614-6 , pp. 356 .
- Heinz-Dieter Krausch : "Kaiserkron and Peonies red ..." From the discovery and introduction of our garden flowers . dtv , Munich 2007, ISBN 978-3-423-34412-8 , p. 240 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Illustration from Botanical Magazine 31, 1787
- ↑ a b c d Roloff et al .: Flora der Gehölze , p. 356
- ^ Jacob Grimm and Wilhelm Grimm: Jasmin. In: German Dictionary, Vol. 10, Sp. 2265. Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Sciences in Göttingen and the German Research Foundation, accessed on April 2, 2016 .
- ↑ a b c Jasminum officinale. In: Flora of China Vol. 15. www.eFloras.org, accessed on November 20, 2010 (English).
- ↑ Jasminum officinale at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
- ↑ Jasminum officinale. In: Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). United States Department of Agriculture, accessed November 20, 2010 .
- ↑ Eliane Zimmermann : Aromatherapy for nursing and healing professions . Sunday, 2006, ISBN 3-8304-9114-X .
- ↑ Gordon Cheers (ed.): Botanica trees & bushes . Tandem Verlag GmbH, 2006, ISBN 3-8331-2003-7 , p. 475 .
- ↑ Tunisia travel guide: Keywords. Jasmin Marco Polo (accessed February 28, 2011)
- ↑ honconpak.com: Jasmin - the national flower of Pakistan ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as broken. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (accessed February 5, 2012)
