Jasminum

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Jasminum
Flowers of Jasminum polyanthum

Flowers of Jasminum polyanthum

Systematics
Asterids
Euasterids I
Order : Mint family (Lamiales)
Family : Olive family (Oleaceae)
Tribe : Jasmineae
Genre : Jasminum
Scientific name
Jasminum
L.

Jasminum is a plant genus in the family of Olive Family (Oleaceae). This genus includes some important aromatic and ornamental plants such as the real jasmine or the winter jasmine .

description

Vegetative characteristics

In the genus Jasminum there are both deciduous and evergreen, woody species. Many species are climbing plants ( lianas ), but there are also small trees and shrubs that grow upright . The stems of the plants are often hard and angular. The leaves can be alternate or opposite, in rare cases also whorled. The petiole usually has a joint. The leaf blades are simple, tripartite or unpaired pinnate.

Generative characteristics

The inflorescences are zymose in principle , but can take on very different shapes - grape-like or panicle-like , umbel-shaped or head-shaped . In some species, such as winter jasmine , the inflorescences are too often reduced to individual flowers.

The hermaphroditic flowers are heterostyle in most species . In many species the flowers have a strong and pleasant smell. The sepals are usually fused bell-shaped or funnel-shaped with usually four to 16 tiny calyx tips. The crown consists of a long, narrow corolla tube and four to 16, but in most species only four to six lobes spread out like a wheel. The color of the crown is usually white or yellow, in some species also pink or reddish. The buds and the corolla tube, however, are often reddish in color. The two stamens are inserted on about half of the corolla tube and do not protrude. The stamens are short. Two carpels are an above-permanent, two-chambered ovary grown. Each ovary chamber contains one or two ovules . The thin style ends in a cephalic or bilobed stigma.

When ripe, the black berry is divided into two parts, with some species also regularly reducing one half of the berry.

Occurrence

The Jasminum species originally come from the tropical and subtropical regions of Asia , Africa , Madagascar , Australia and the Pacific islands , i.e. the Old World. Few species also come from the Mediterranean region ( Jasminum fruticans ) or from the Canary Islands or the Azores .

However, many species are also cultivated outside of their home because of their flowers or their scent. Some species have also become feral in different parts of the world.

Most types of Jasminum grow in thickets or in bushes, for example along the edges of forests or rivers.

Azores jasmine ( Jasminum azoricum )
Jasminum grandiflorum
Jasminum malabaricum
Primrose jasmine ( Jasminum mesnyi )
Winter jasmine ( Jasminum nudiflorum ), with three-part leaves
Arabian jasmine ( Jasminum sambac ), cultivar 'Arabian Nights', with simple leaves
Jasminum simplicifolium with fruit

Systematics

The genus name Jasminum was 1753 Linnaeus in Species Plantarum , 1, page 7 first published . Jasminum officinale L. was established as the lectotype species in 1929 . Synonyms for Jasminum L. are: Jacksonia hort. ex Schltdl. nom. inval., Jasminium Dum. orth. var., Mogorium Juss. , Noldeanthus Knobl. The genus Jasminum belongs to the tribe Jasmineae in the family of Oleaceae .

The genus Jasminum includes more than 200 to more than 400 species, which are divided into the sections Jasminum , Alternifolia , Primulina , Trifoliolata and Unifoliolata . According to E. Banfi (2014), sect. Alternifolia better to classify as its own genus Chrysojasminum .

Here is a selection of the species of the genus Jasminum :

Some hybrids are also cultivated as ornamental plants.

According to E. Banfi (2014), the following species no longer belong to the genus Jasminum :

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ First publication scanned at biodiversitylibrary.org.
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab Jasminum in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
  3. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Jasminum. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved December 8, 2017.
  4. ↑ a b c d e Walter Erhardt among others: The great pikeperch. Encyclopedia of Plant Names . Volume 2. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2008. ISBN 978-3-8001-5406-7

literature

  • Mei-chen Chang, Lien-ching Chiu, Zhi Wei & Peter S. Green: Oleaceae in der Flora of China , Volume 15, 1996, p. 307: Jasminum - Online.

Supplementary literature

Web links

Commons : Jasminum  - collection of images, videos and audio files