Small corner wing clamps
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Corner wing small spanner ( Scopula nigropunctata ) |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Scopula nigropunctata | ||||||||||||
| ( Hufnagel , 1767) |
The Eckflügel-Kleinspanner ( Scopula nigropunctata ), also called Ziest-Kleinspanner , is a butterfly ( moth ) from the family of the Spanner (Geometridae).
features
The moths reach a wingspan of 25 to 29 millimeters; the second generation is much smaller, sometimes only up to 21 millimeters. The fore wings are relatively wide, the hind wing is angled in the middle of the outer edge. The basic color varies from light gray to light brown with a dark over-dusting. The drawing elements are gray-brown and are usually clearly differentiated from the basic color. The inner cross line, central band, outer cross line and sometimes the wavy line and the hem line are formed. The inner transverse line is often less developed, the central band, on the other hand, is broadly blurred and usually the protruding drawing element, also opposite the outer transverse line. Inner cross line, middle band and outer cross line are jagged or serrated, whereby the serration of the central band is mostly blurred. Occasionally the wavy line can also be seen as a clear shadow. The hemline, on the other hand, consists of very elongated, narrow dark brown stripes. However, these can also be reduced to inconspicuous small points. The discal spots are always developed on the fore and hind wings; they are black and usually very clear. The fringes are usually a bit darker than the basic color.
The egg has strong longitudinal ribs on the outside that intersect with finer transverse ribs.
The caterpillar is relatively slender; it becomes a little thinner towards the front end. It is yellowish or gray in color. On the back, the double back line is darkly colored, but mostly a little blurred. Square spots are formed on the middle segments, which are interrupted by the back line. The rounded head is flat and brownish in color.
The pupa is red-brown with slightly lighter wing sheaths. It has six small bristles on the cremaster .
Geographical distribution and habitat
The corner wing small spanner has a large distribution area in Europe, ranging from the Iberian Peninsula in the west through Central Europe and northern southern Europe, through Central Russia to the Urals. The northern border lies in southern England, southern Denmark and southern Sweden ( Scania ). In the south it is limited to the extreme north of the Iberian Peninsula. In Italy the occurrence is limited to the northern part, with the exception of an isolated occurrence in Calabria and a questionable occurrence in Sicily. On the Balkan Peninsula, it extends as far as the Greek border region and eastern Bulgaria. From there, a smaller deposit stretches into western Turkey. Outside Europe, the species occurs in eastern Turkey, the Caucasus region, northern Iran, southern Siberia, Mongolia, China, the Russian Far East, Japan and Korea. However, the nominotypic taxon in northern Japan ( Hokkaidō , Kuschiro and Shibecha ) is replaced by the subspecies Scopula nigropunctata subimbella Inoue, 1958. The subspecies Scopula nigropunctata chosensis Bryk, 1949, occurs in Korea . In east and south-east China, the subspecies Scopula nigropunctata subcandida Walker, 1862 occurs instead of the nominotypical subspecies .
The species is primarily an inhabitant of moist forests. It occurs in mixed forests, scrubland, on the edges of forests, but also in parks and gardens. It is almost completely absent in open landscapes. It usually occurs from 0 to about 1000 meters. In the Alps the species rises up to 1,400 meters, in the southern Alps even up to 1,600 meters. In the Caucasus and Eastern Turkey, it occurs even up to an altitude of 2000 meters.
Phenology and way of life
The species is usually univoltin ; ie only one generation is formed whose moths fly from mid-June to early August. In the warmest valleys of the Southern Alps and in Asia, two, not sharply separated generations are formed, whose moths fly from the beginning of May to the beginning of October. The moths fly mainly at dusk. They are attracted to artificial light sources and also come to the bait . The moths were observed sucking nectar from common clematis ( Clematis vitalba ). They only move over shorter distances.
The caterpillars are polyphagous, but they presumably prefer common clematis ( Clematis vitalba ). Other proven host plants are: forest honeysuckle ( Lonicera periclymenum ), forest pest ( Stachys sylvatica ), upright clematis ( Clematis recta ), alpine soldanelle ( Soldanella alpina ), common privet ( Ligustrum vulgare ). Caterpillars have also been found in the vicinity of dewberry ( Rubus caesius ), Norway maple ( Acer platanoides ), oregano ( Origanum vulgare ), true toadflax ( Linaria vulgaris ) and germander speedwell ( Veronica chamaedrys ), but without direct evidence that the caterpillars have these plants have also eaten. Next are named as larval food plants: Wicken ( Vicia ), violets ( Viola ), speedwell ( Veronica ), blueberry ( Vaccinium myrtillus ), plantains ( Plantago ), honeysuckle ( Lonicera ), hazel ( Corylus ), alder ( Alnus ), clematis ( Clematis ) and fall foliage. Breeding was also successful when the common dandelion ( Taraxacum officinale ), knotweed ( Polygonum aviculare ) and swallowweed ( Vincetoxicum hirundinaria ) were fed .
The caterpillar overwinters and pupates in spring.
Systematics
The species was first scientifically described in 1767 by Johann Siegfried Hufnagel as Phalaena nigropunctata . He specified Berlin as the type locality . Hausmann lists several synonyms. Four subspecies are currently distinguished: the nominotypical subspecies Scopula nigropunctata nigropunctata (Hufnagel, 1767), Scopula nigropunctata subimbella Inoue, 1958, Scopula nigropunctata chosensis Bryk, 1949 and Scopula nigropunctata subcandida Walker, 1862.
Danger
The species is generally not considered endangered in Germany. However, in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania and Saarland it is classified in Category 2 (highly endangered), in Hamburg it is already extinct.
swell
Individual evidence
literature
- Arno Bergmann: The large butterflies of Central Germany. Volume 5/1: Spanner. Distribution, forms and communities. Urania-Verlag, Jena 1955, DNB 450378403 .
- Günter Ebert (Hrsg.): The butterflies of Baden-Württemberg Volume 8, Nachtfalter VI (Spanner (Geometridae) 1st part), Ulmer Verlag Stuttgart 2001. ISBN 3-800-13497-7
- Walter Forster , Theodor A. Wohlfahrt : The butterflies of Central Europe. Volume 5: Spanner. (Geometridae). Franckh'sche Verlagshandlung, Stuttgart 1981, ISBN 3-440-04951-5 .
- Axel Hausmann: The Geometrid moths of Europe, 2nd Sterrhinae. Apollo Books, Stenstrup 2004, ISBN 8-788-75737-4
