Eduard Pant

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Eduard Pant (born January 28, 1887 in Witkowitz near Mährisch Ostrau ; † October 20, 1938 in Kattowitz ) was a leading politician of the German minority in Poland and chairman of the German Catholic People's Party after 1918 .

biography

Eduard Pant grew up with eight siblings in the Catholic family of foreman Karl Pant and his wife Angela, née Lokscha, attended grammar school in Mährisch Ostrau, completed the episcopal seminar in Kremsier (Kromeriz) in Moravia , then studied classical philology, German and Philosophy at the Karl Ferdinand University in Prague, where he received his doctorate in philosophy in 1911 . During his studies he became a member of the KDStV Vandalia Prague in 1910 .

After graduation he became a teacher at grammar schools in Prague-Smichow, Vienna , Kufstein and from September 1914 in Bielitz. There he founded the German Christian Social Party and took part in the First World War as a soldier on the Russian and Italian fronts. After being seriously wounded and honored with an award, he returned to Bielsko-Biała ( Bielsko-Biała ) in 1918 after the end of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy and became a Polish citizen in 1920 . From 1926 to 1930 he was editor-in-chief of the largest German newspaper in Poland , the Upper Silesian Courier and member of the German Club in the Polish Parliament.

From 1927 to 1938 Eduard Pant, as chairman of the Catholic German People's Party in Poland, was a member of the Silesian Sejm from 1922 to 1935 and a Polish senator from 1928 to 1935 . Vice- Land Marshal since 1924 . Before the outbreak of the Second World War (1939–1945) he died in Katowice.

The German Catholics in Poland came after the seizure of power by Adolf Hitler in a serious debate about the rate against the Nazis in the German Empire from 1933 to 1945 . The focus of the considerations was the question of whether the German minority and the German Catholics in Poland would lose the hidden financial and other support from the German Reich if they openly distanced themselves from National Socialism; they split over this question. The majority cooperated with Nazi-related institutions. With this behavior they hoped to maintain and expand the National Socialist leadership for the promotion of the interests of the German-speaking minority in Poland.

Eduard Pant rejected National Socialism for religious and political reasons. With this stance he lost most of his support as chairman of the German Catholic People's Party in Poland. Furthermore, he and his colleagues lost the leadership role in the Association of German Catholics in Poland and the influence on the high-circulation Upper Silesian Courier . Pant fought against the disempowerment and conformity of German Catholics and campaigned for closer cooperation with Polish authorities and founded the Catholic-conservative weekly newspaper Der Deutsche in Polen (1934–1939). The far beyond Poland's borders widespread newspaper was an important voice of the Christian emigrants , the opposition of the country against Nazism and other minorities in Eastern and Central Europe .

In 1937, Pant confirmed with his signature the memorandum The Church of Christ and the Jewish Question , which called on all Christians, but especially the Pope and the Curia in Rome, to take a public position against contemporary anti-Semitism and the persecution of Jews in Germany.

literature

  • Ferdinand Seibt , Hans Lemberg , Helmut Slapnicka: Biographical lexicon on the history of the Bohemian countries. Published on behalf of the Collegium Carolinum (Institute) , Vol. III, R. Oldenbourg Verlag Munich 2000, ISBN 3-486-55973-7 , p. 133
  • Wilhelm Kosch : Biographisches Staatshandbuch 1–2, 1963
  • Wilhelm Kosch : The Catholic Germany (A-Schlüter), 1933–1938
  • Bohemia October 23, 1938
  • Fritz Wertheimer : From German parties and party leaders abroad, 1927, 1930, pp. 108-109
  • Pia Nordblom:  Pant, Eduard. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 20, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 2001, ISBN 3-428-00201-6 , p. 39 f. ( Digitized version ).
  • Pia Nordblom: Eduard Pant (1887–1938). In: Joachim Bahlcke (Ed.): Schlesische Lebensbilder. Ninth volume. Degener & Co., Neustadt an der Aisch 2007, ISBN 978-3-7686-3506-6 , pp. 361-372.
  • Pia Nordblom: Mniejszość w mniejszości - Eduard Pant i jego koło. In: Śląskie prace bibliograficzne i bibliotekoznawcze. = Studia silesiaca bibliographiam bibliothecarumque scientiam illustrantia. 62, 2003, ISSN  0583-5291 , pp. 227-254.
  • Pia Nordblom: For Faith and Nationality. The Catholic weekly newspaper “Der Deutsche in Polen” (1934–1939) dealing with National Socialism. Schöningh, Paderborn et al. 2000, ISBN 3-506-79992-4 ( Publications of the Commission for Contemporary History. Series B: Research 87), (At the same time: Heidelberg, Univ., Diss., 1995).
  • Pia Nordblom: Dr. Eduard Pant. Biography of a Catholic minority politician in the Silesian Voivodeship (until 1932). In: Oberschlesisches Jahrbuch. 3, 1987, ISSN  0930-6978 , pp. 112-146 [cf. editorial comment on this (addendum to vol. 3). In: Oberschlesisches Jahrbuch. 4, 1988, p. 222].

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ The honorary members, old men and students of the CV Vienna 1925, p. 555.
  2. ↑ Elias H. Füllenbach: The Church of Christ and the Jewish Question (1937) , in: Handbuch des Antisemitismus. Anti-Semitism in Past and Present, Vol. 6: Publications, ed. by Wolfgang Benz, Berlin / Boston 2013, pp. 400–403.
personal data
SURNAME Pant, Eduard
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Polish politician of the German Catholics of Poland
DATE OF BIRTH January 28, 1887
PLACE OF BIRTH Moravian Ostrava
DATE OF DEATH October 20, 1938
Place of death Katowice