Edward Józef Abramowski
Edward Józef Abramowski (born August 17, 1868 in Stefanin in the Kiev governorate ; † June 21, 1918 in Warsaw ) was a Polish philosopher , psychologist , sociologist and anarchist . In his scientific work he endeavored to build bridges between psychology and sociology.
Life
Edward Abramowski was born on August 17, 1868 in Stefanin on the family estate of his parents, where he spent the first years of his life with his parents and his sister. His father had studied law at the University of Kiev and was in contact with many intellectuals of the time. After the mother's death around 1878, the family moved to Warsaw , where the children were educated at home. The teachers included Maria Konopnicka , Konrad Prószyński , Feliks Wermiński and Zygmunt Pietkiewicz . In addition, were Aleksander Jabłonowski and Włodzimierz Spasowicz frequent guests. At the age of 15 he began writing articles for the magazine “Zorza” in 1883.
In 1885 Abramowski prepared in Kraków for the Abitur, but began studying natural sciences at the University of Kraków as a freelance listener. He succeeded in creating illegal socialist prints from Galicia to Congress Poland , which is why he had to leave for Geneva . There he was enrolled at the University of Geneva , where he was enrolled in the Faculty of Natural Sciences from 1886 to 1889, but was more interested in philosophy and sociology. During this time he came into contact with the emigrated socialists Stanisław Mendelson and Aleksander Dębski .
In the fall of 1889 he returned to Warsaw to rebuild the “Proletariat” ( proletariat ) party there. However, he was not satisfied with their program as he did not approve of the terrorist measure. Therefore he founded the party "Zjednoczenie" ( Association ) in 1891 , which he took over leadership. The death of his wife in 1892 and the smashing of all socialist unions in the same year he experienced a life crisis and tried to take his own life. This is where his lifelong addiction to morphine began . He was then brought back to Geneva and a short time later went to Paris , where he took part in the founding of the Polish Socialist Party . Expelled from Paris, he went first to London , then to Zurich and finally back to Geneva in 1894. Here Abramowski revised his ideological positions from Marxism to individual anarchism .
Abramowski married again in 1897, divorced shortly thereafter and returned to Poland, where he settled in Warsaw. Here he realized his activities in the sense of a "stateless socialism" ( Polish "socjalizm bespańtwowy" ) by in Warsaw, Geneva and in Zakopane called. ( "Spirit municipalities" polish "Komuny duchowe" ), later "Brotherhood organizations" ( Polish "organizacje braterskie ” ).
In 1905 he returned to Warsaw when a larger socialist movement formed and his ideas of the "Zmowa powszechna przeciwko rządowi" ( General Conspiracy against the Government ) were heard.
From 1908 to 1910 he stayed in Brussels and Paris, where he did not give up his ideals of statelessness and ethical anarchism, but devoted himself more and more to the study of psychology, so that he finally dealt exclusively with psychology and metaphysics. In 1910 he founded the first psychological laboratory in Warsaw, which he later converted into a psychological institute. From 1915 he taught as a professor of psychology at the University of Warsaw and also gave lectures on questions of metaphysics . In this phase he dealt in particular with the problem of the subconscious .
Abramowski died in Warsaw on June 21, 1918.
theory
He himself referred to the scientific approach he developed as “phenomenalism”. By this he understood the research effort to trace back all phenomena of social life to the consciousness of the individual.
Works (selection)
- Teorja jednostek psychicznych , 1899
- Zagadnienia socjalizmu , 1899
- Etyka a rewolucja , 1899
- Socjalizm a państwo , 1904
- Zmowa powszechna przeciw rządowi , 1905
- Społeczne kooperatyzmu idea , 1906
- Kooperatywa jako sprawa wyzwolenia ludu pracującego , 1912
- Źródła podświadomości i jej przejawy , 1914
- Przyczynek do psychologji myślenia logicznego , 1915
literature
- Konstanty Krzeczkowski: Edward Abramowski. 1868-1918 . In: Pisma. Pierwsze zbiorowe wydanie dzieł treści filozoficznej i społecznej . tape 1 . Warsaw 1924, p. VII-LXXXIX ( Wikisource ).
- Ludwik Krzywicki, Stefan Szuman: Abramowski Józef Edward . In: Polski Słownik Biograficzny . tape 1 . Krakow 1935, p. 16-18 .
- Andreas Miller: Abramowski, Edward . In: Wilhelm Bernsdorf , Horst Knospe (Ed.): Internationales Soziologenlexikon . 2nd revised edition. tape 1 : Articles about sociologists who died by the end of 1969 . Enke, Stuttgart 1980, ISBN 3-432-82652-4 , p. 1 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Author: Leszek Kolakowski, October 2002 . The author Kolakowski describes Abramowski as an anarcho-syndicalist : “ According to the Polish anarcho-syndicalist Edward Abramowski,…. "
- ↑ Andreas Miller: Abramowski, Edward . In: Wilhelm Bernsdorf , Horst Knospe (Ed.): Internationales Soziologenlexikon . 2nd revised edition. tape 1 : Articles about sociologists who died by the end of 1969. . Enke, Stuttgart 1980, ISBN 3-432-82652-4 , p. 1 .
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Abramowski, Edward Józef |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Polish philosopher, psychologist and sociologist |
| DATE OF BIRTH | 17th August 1868 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Stefanin, Kiev Governorate |
| DATE OF DEATH | June 21, 1918 |
| Place of death | Warsaw |