Simple diamond fern

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Simple diamond fern
Botrychium simplex (3599528767) .jpg

Simple diamond fern ( Botrychium simplex )

Systematics
Ferns
Class : Psilotopsida
Order : Adder tongue-like (Ophioglossales)
Family : Adder tongue family (Ophioglossaceae)
Genre : Diamond ferns ( botrychium )
Type : Simple diamond fern
Scientific name
Botrychium simplex
E. Hitchc.

The simple diamond fern ( Botrychium simplex ), also called simple moon diamond , is a species of the genus diamond fern ( Botrychium ) within the family of the adder tongue plants (Ophioglossaceae). It is widespread in the northern hemisphere .

description

illustration
Herbarium evidence : Botrychium simplex var. Simplex

The simple diamond fern is a deciduous, perennial herbaceous plant that reaches heights of 2 to 8 (to 15) cm. The bare, yellow-green leaves are solitary. The petiole is covered by the dead, brown sheaths of the previous year's leaves. The sterile section arises in the lower part of the plant; it is clearly stalked, undivided or tripartite and thinly fleshy. The fertile part of the leaf forms a stalked up to 8 cm long, usually single to double pinnate, rarely undivided and then consisting of only 5 to 12 sporangia. The spore ripening takes place in June and July, at high altitudes in August.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 90.

ecology

The simple diamond fern is a geophyte .

Occurrence and endangerment

The simple diamond fern is widespread in the northern hemisphere in Europe , North America and in East Asia. In Europe it is found mainly in the Baltic Sea region up to 65 ° north latitude and in the northeastern part from Central Europe to western Russia , in the Alps up to altitudes of 2300 m. There are individual sites, for example in the Pyrenees or Corsica .

The simple diamond fern is very rare in Austria in Styria and Tyrol and is considered to be threatened with extinction there, as well as in Switzerland. In Germany, it was rated "2" in the 1996 Red List of Endangered Plant Species , that is, it is highly endangered. However, it was considered extinct in Germany for a long time until it was found again in 1993 in North Rhine-Westphalia in the Senne. The occurrence is the only recent occurrence in Germany, for this reason the species is considered critically endangered in Germany.

The simple diamond fern colonizes fresh to moderately dry silicate grasslands and heaths , it avoids lime . It occurs in societies of the Nardo-Callunetea class.

literature

  • Siegmund Seybold : The flora of Germany and the neighboring countries. A book for identifying all wild and frequently cultivated vascular plants . Founded by Otto Schmeil , Jost Fitschen . 95th completely revised and expanded edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2011, ISBN 978-3-494-01498-2 , p. 172 .
  • Eckehart J. Jäger (ed.): Excursion flora from Germany. Vascular plants: baseline . Founded by Werner Rothmaler. 20th, revised and expanded edition. Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Heidelberg 2011, ISBN 978-3-8274-1606-3 , p. 98 .
  • Henning Haeupler, Thomas Muer: picture atlas of the fern and flowering plants of Germany . Published by the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (=  The fern and flowering plants of Germany . Volume 2 ). 2nd corrected and enlarged edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2007, ISBN 978-3-8001-4990-2 .
  • Oskar Sebald, Siegmund Seybold, Georg Philippi (Hrsg.): The fern and flowering plants of Baden-Württemberg . 2nd, supplemented edition. tape 1 : General Part, Special Part (Pteridophyta, Spermatophyta): Lycopodiaceae to Plumbaginaceae . Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1993, ISBN 3-8001-3322-9 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Simple diamond fern. In: FloraWeb.de.
  2. ↑ a b data sheet with photos at Botanik im Bild - Flora of Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol , 2010.
  3. ↑ a b Josef Dostál: Ophioglossaceae. In: Karl Ulrich Kramer (ed.): Illustrated flora of Central Europe. Pteridophyta, Spermatophyta . Founded by Gustav Hegi. 3rd, completely revised edition. Volume I. Part 1 Pteridophyta . Paul Parey, Berlin / Hamburg 1984, ISBN 3-489-50020-2 , p. 94-95 .
  4. ↑ Botrychium simplex. In: Info Flora (the national data and information center for Swiss flora).
  5. ^ Veit Dörken, Armin Jagel, Marcus Lubienski: Ophioglossaceae - adder tongue plants, unusual ferns of the native flora. In: Yearbook of the Bochum Botanical Association. Volume 4, 2013, pp. 214–220 ( PDF file; 4.6 MB).
  6. ↑ Irmgard Sonneborn, Willi Sonneborn: Botrychium simplex Hitchcock - simple moon diamond: the discovery of a lost or extinct plant species on the "Sennelager" military training area. In: Natur & Heimat (Münster). Volume 54, 1994, pp. 25-27.
  7. ^ H. Wilfried Bennert, Irmgard Sonneborn, Karsten Horn: The simple moon rue (Botrychium simplex, Ophioglossaceae) in Germany. In: Tuexenia. Volume 34, 2014, pp. 205-232, DOI: 10.14471 / 2014.34.003 .
  8. ^ Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  70 .

Web links

Commons : Simple diamond fern ( Botrychium simplex )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files