Eleonora of Arborea

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Eleonora of Arborea, ideal portrait from 1881, painted by Antonio Caboni

Eleonora of Arborea ( Italian Eleonora d'Arborea , Sardinian Elianora de Arbarèe ; * around 1350 in Molins de Rei , † 1404 in Oristano ) was ruler in the period of the Sardinian judiciary from 1383 in the judiciary of Arborea , which was originally on the west coast of Sardinia ( roughly corresponding to today's province of Oristano ) and was extended to almost all of Sardinia between 1368 and 1374 by her father, the judge Mariano IV of Arborea. Only the cities of Cagliari and Alghero were not under the control of the Arborea judiciary. Eleonora von Arborea is considered the island's folk heroine .

Life

Eleonora was the daughter of Mariano IV , the judge of Arborea. He married her to Brancaleone Doria (1337-1409), a Genoese nobleman, to strengthen alliances with his neighbors. Mariano died of the plague in 1376 , causing his son Ugone III. took over the rule. In March 1383 he was murdered in a riot. As heir to the throne, Eleonora's minor son Federico (1377-1387) followed. Eleonora defeated the rebels and took over the leadership of Arborea for her son.

Judicate Arborea 1374-1388 and 1392-1409
Judicate Arborea around 1324 under Ugone II.

From 1383 to 1387 Arborea was at war with Aragón . Federico died in this war, and the line of succession went to Eleonora's second son, Mariano V (1378 / 79–1407). In 1388 she made a peace with Aragón, which was associated with financial burdens and numerous assignments of territory. Her husband Brancaleone Doria, who was held hostage in the Aragonese city of Cagliari in the tower of S. Pancrazio ( Torre di San Pancrazio ), served as leverage. After the war, Eleonora formed an alliance with Genoa, through which Arborea retained its independence until 1410. The areas ceded to Aragón in the enforced peace treaty of 1388 were annexed to Arborea again by Brancaleone Doria, who was only released at the turn of the year 1389/1390, in a struggle that lasted almost a year until 1392.

Eleonora developed the Carta de Lógu , a code that came into force in 1395 and remained the legal basis in Sardinia until the formation of the Italian state in 1861.

Eleonora plays an essential role in ornithology . As a bird lover, she was the first to enforce a comprehensive law protecting birds of prey . The Eleanor's Falcon ( Falco eleonorae ) is named after her.

When Sardinia was again hit by a plague epidemic in 1402/1404 , Eleonora of Arborea was one of the victims of the epidemic.

literature

  • Michael Berz: Sardinia under the influence of Eleonora d'Arborea. Portrait of a Sardinian ruler between history and legend , diploma thesis Univ. Passau, 1996.
  • Barbara Mearns , Richard Mearns: Biographies for Birdwatchers . Academic Press, London 1988, ISBN 0-12-487422-3

Web links

Commons : Eleonora von Arborea  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b Giovanni Nuti:  DORIA, Brancaleone. In: Fiorella Bartoccini (ed.): Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani (DBI). Volume 41:  Donaggio – Dugnani. Istituto della Enciclopedia Italiana, Rome 1992. Retrieved October 5, 2018
predecessor Office successor
Ugone III. Regent of Sardinia
1383–1402 		Mariano V.
personal data
SURNAME Arborea, Eleonora of
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Arborea, Eleonora d '; Arborea, Eleonora di; Arbarèe, Elianora de
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Sardinian regent and folk heroine
DATE OF BIRTH around 1350
PLACE OF BIRTH Molins de Rei
DATE OF DEATH 1404
Place of death Oristano