Elk Boar

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Elk Eber, 1941

Wilhelm Emil "Elk" Eber alias "Hehaka Ska" (born April 18, 1892 in Haardt ; † August 12, 1941 in Garmisch-Partenkirchen ) was a German painter and graphic artist who, during the Nazi era, worked with motifs from the First World War and Nazi propaganda images was successful. In addition to pictures of landscapes and athletes, Eber increasingly created pictures of soldiers and SA men. His pictures of Indians were less well known . Some of the paintings in the Karl May Museum in Radebeul are by him .

Life

Elk Eber was the son of the wine merchant Friedrich Wilhelm Eber and Rosa Sibylla, née Eisele. After graduating from high school in Neustadt an der Haardt on June 23, 1910, he went to the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität in Munich as a student of art history and anatomy.In 1911 he first switched to the Royal School of Applied Arts and then studied from 1912 to 1918, with interruptions due to the First World War at the Academy of Fine Arts in Munich , where he attended the drawing school under the direction of Peter Halm . Other of his teachers there were Adolf Hempler, Adolf Hengeler and Franz von Stuck . In Munich he joined the Corps Rheno-Palatia Munich . Eber volunteered in World War I and took part in battles as a war painter . He returned hard of hearing and devoted himself to his artistic work. Comrade portraits, weapon and war scenes were created as watercolor, pencil and charcoal drawings. Many of his works were later published in lithographs and postcards. He married Gerda Körner on August 30, 1919, but became a widower in March 1921. Nothing is known about this first (childless) marriage.

After the end of the war, Eber became a member of the Werdenfels Freikorps and took part in various marches (including the 1923 Hitler putsch ). The NSDAP ( member number 10013) and SA had joined it already 1923rd He belonged to the SA culture.

On February 28, 1924, Emil Eber married the designer and doctor's daughter Irmgard Faltin for the second time. His in-laws did not want to attend the wedding. The son Kurt was born on May 5, 1925 (he died at the age of 19 in November 1944). Also in 1925 he had first contact with Indians and from then on he was called "Elk" ( English for Wapiti ). The second marriage ended in divorce in 1936. On September 14, 1938, Elk Eber married Lieselotte Rummel from Garmisch-Partenkirchen for the third time. After the move, many mountaineering and skier motifs were created. Among other things, he portrayed Adolf-Zoeppritz . His hearing problem got worse.

With the seizure of power by the National Socialists who engaged in Nazism Eber was upgraded "artistic". As early as 1935, the Münchner Städtische Galerie in the Lenbachhaus bought around 40 drawings by Eber from the time of the First World War and sketches of the fighting in Munich in connection with the Hitler putsch in 1923. From 1931 he worked as a draftsman for National Socialist newspapers such as the Völkischer Beobachter and the Kampfblatt The SA man is active. As a participant in the Hitler putsch, he received the NSDAP Blood Order (No. 1206).

From 1937 Elk Eber exhibited every year at the Great German Art Exhibition in Munich. A total of 16 of his oil paintings have been shown there over the years. Some works were personally acquired by Adolf Hitler , such as the picture The last hand grenade or So war SA . On January 30, 1938, he was appointed professor by Adolf Hitler .

After the attack on Poland , he first applied to leave the country, but returned and was active as a war painter in a propaganda company . In this context he created u. a. the watercolor group of Polish prisoners in front of the commandant's office in Warsaw and the drawing Brennendes Warsaw seen from the Wola , which were shown in the House of German Art . He did not complete a commissioned work for the US President Franklin D. Roosevelt .

On August 12, 1941, Elk Eber died of peritoneal tuberculosis in Garmisch-Partenkirchen. In June 1942 the Munich Art Association dedicated a memorial exhibition to him. An article about him appeared in issue No. 138 of the National Socialist Monthly Bulletin in 1942. The Karl-May-Verlag , a writers' club and the Cowboy Club Munich laid wreaths. The poster he designed "Hard times - hard duties - hard hearts" was used until 1945. Elk's works are located in a military depot in Washington, DC, which is not open to the public

Works (selection)

The Indian battle at Little Bighorn (1936)
Elk Eber: The last hand grenade . 1936/37. German Historical Museum, Berlin

Paintings / drawings:

  • Mountain Guide (1924)
  • Black wolf ; Portrait of an Indian Chief (1925)
  • The climber (1927)
  • Cross-country skiing (1936)
  • The Indian Battle at Little Bighorn (1936), Karl May Museum , Radebeul
  • The last hand grenade (shown in 1937 at the opening exhibition of the House of German Art ) (1936/37)
  • Appel on February 23, 1933 (1937)
  • That was the SA. (1938)
  • Battle in Warsaw suburbs (1940)

Illustrations:

  • Hans Stosch-Sarrasani : Through the world in a big top . Schützen-Verlag, Berlin 1940
  • Peter Droß : Johann, a boy from Saarhammer . Franz Schneider Verlag, Berlin 1934
  • Patty Frank ; A life under the spell of Karl May. Karl-May-Verlag, 1935.

Posters:

  • Hard times tough duties cold hearts

literature

  • Eber, Elk (actually Emil) . In: General Artist Lexicon . The visual artists of all times and peoples (AKL). Volume 31, Saur, Munich a. a. 2001, ISBN 3-598-22771-X , p. 537 f.
  • Eber, Elk (Wilhgelm Emil Eber). In: Peter C. Merrill: German Immigrant Artists in America: A Biographical Dictionary. Scarecrow Press, 1997, p. 49.
  • Wolfgang Seifert: Patty Frank - The circus, the Indians, the Karl May Museum . Karl-May-Verlag, Bamberg and Radebeul 1998
  • Gerd Krumeich with Anke Hoffstadt and Arndt Weinrich: National Socialism and World War I. (= Writings of the Library for Contemporary History. NF Vol. 24). Klartext-Verlag, Essen 2010, p. 15, 128f., 126-139, 144. ISBN 978-3-8375-0195-7 .
  • Hartmut Rietschel: Elk Ebers Iroquois chief . In: The Observer on the Elbe No. 19/2012.
  • Annika Wienert: Nice, malicious art. In: Jörg-Uwe Neumann, Silke von Berswordt-Wallrabe and Agnes Tieze (eds.): “Artige Kunst”. Art and Politics in National Socialism . Bielefeld 2016, ISBN 978-3-7356-0288-6 , pp. 49-57, in particular pp. 54 f.

Web links

Commons : Elk Eber  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Remarks

  1. a b c d e f g h i Harm Wulf: Elk Emil Eber. thule-italia.com
  2. Elk Boar. In: The Westerners Brandbook. Westerners. Chicago Corral, 1961, p. 31.
  3. a b c Ernst Klee : The culture lexicon for the Third Reich. Who was what before and after 1945. S. Fischer, Frankfurt am Main 2007, ISBN 978-3-10-039326-5 , p. 111f.
  4. http://www.bilder-geschichte.de/ns-kunst.htm
  5. a b c d Hannes Lewalter: “The fight is tough. We are tougher! ”The representation of German soldiers in the mirror of the image propaganda of the two world wars and the construction of the“ New Hero ”. [Diss.], Philosophical Faculty of the Eberhard-Karls-Universität zu Tübingen, 2010, p. 234, fig. 152, Elk Eber, 1944. ( PDF )
  6. http://festivaltour.de/forum/thema/der-bergsteiger-und-der-kletterer-in-der-kunst.1818/
  7. https://www.dhm.de/lemo/Bestand/objekt/97004121
  8. ^ Haus der Deutschen Kunst 3. Accessed October 31, 2017 .
  9. War painter and Indian friend. Sächsische Zeitung , November 18, 2018.