Dull-flowered couch grass

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Dull-flowered couch grass
Dull flowered couch grass (Elymus obtusiflorus)

Dull flowered couch grass ( Elymus obtusiflorus )

Systematics
Order : Sweet grass (Poales)
Family : Sweet grasses (Poaceae)
Subfamily : Pooideae
Tribe : Triticeae
Genre : Couch grass ( elymus )
Type : Dull-flowered couch grass
Scientific name
Elymus obtusiflorus
( DC. ) Conert

The pit-flowered couch grass ( Elymus obtusiflorus , Syn .: Thinopyrum obtusiflorum (DC.) Banfi ), also called Pontic couch grass , is a plant species that belongs to the genus of couch grass ( Elymus ) in the sweet grass family (Poaceae). It is originally native to southern Europe and is occasionally planted as a useful plant in many countries.

description

inflorescence

Swell:

Appearance and leaf

The blunt-flowered couch grass is a coarse, perennial grass, i.e. a perennial herbaceous plant that grows in dense clumps and does not form runners. The upright and bare stalks are usually up to 120 cm high, sometimes much higher (1.8 to 3 m).

The top and bottom of the leaves are bare or sometimes have short, bristly hairs. The leaf blades are 10 to 30 cm long and spread 2 to 8 mm wide. They are often rolled up or folded up, sometimes spread flat, and have seven to nine clearly protruding longitudinal ribs. At the transition from the leaf blade to the leaf sheath there are two narrow auricles and a ligule 1 millimeter long . The leaf sheaths are glabrous, only the lower ones ciliate at the edge. Culms and leaves are stiff and tough and gray-green to bluish-green in color.

Inflorescence and flower

The terminal, loose, ear-like inflorescence has a length of 10 to 30 cm. The flat spikelets sit with the broadside to the leaf spindle individually on the nodes. The lower internodes are 1.5 to 3 cm long, the upper ones shorter. The distance between the lower spikelets is therefore greater than the spikelet length, i.e. H. the lower spikelets do not overlap. All internodes are more or less flat on the side of the spikelets and rough on the edges. The 1.4 to 2.5 cm long spikelets are attached before the flowering period , then spreading. They consist of five to eleven flowers. The smooth, hard glumes are 0.7 to 1.1 cm long and 2.5 to 3 mm wide. You have five to nine distinct nerves, with the middle nerve at the top being a bit rough. Their upper end is bluntly rounded or slightly indented. The individual glumes of a spikelet differ little in length. The lemmas have no awn (eponymous); they also have a blunt top and a lanceolate shape. They are about as long as the glumes or just a little longer. The two-veined, smooth palea are somewhat shorter than the lemmas; her keel is lashed. The main flowering time in Central Europe is from July to August.

fruit

The fruit is about 6 millimeters long and densely hairy at the top.

Chromosome number

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 70, less often 56.

Occurrence

The common area of ​​distribution of the obtuse couch grass as a wild plant is southern Europe (from Portugal to the Balkans), Turkey and southern Russia . There it occurs on open, dry and salty soils , e.g. B. on salt marshes and on the coast of the sea. The plant does not tolerate shade.

Due to various uses by humans, the dull-flowered couch grass can be found worldwide and is still spreading. But it is not considered an aggressively invasive plant .

The short-flowered couch grass was first observed in Germany in 1982. One of the first observations was made in 1982 in the foreland of the Black Forest on a roadside in the Zinsbachtal near Altensteig -Garrweiler. A permanent naturalization was asserted for a position on a motorway median near Pforzheim . The occurrences can perhaps be traced back to planting or sowing. Typical locations are roadsides, sandy-loamy embankment soils, open embankments and dams. In the meantime, cultivation on grassland can also be expected.

Systematics

The synonyms for Elymus obtusiflorus (DC.) Conert include: Agropyron elongatum auct. non (host) P.Beauv. , Elymus elongatus subsp. ponticus (Podp.) Melderis , Elytrigia elongata auct. nonn., Elytrigia elongata subsp. pontica Gamisans (podp.) , seed production obtusiflora Tzvelev (DC.) , Elytrigia pontica (podp.) Holub , Lophopyrum ponticum (podp.) Á.Löve , Thinopyrum ponticum (podp.) (podp.) Barkworth & DRDewey , Thinopyrum obtusiflorum ( DC.) Banfi , Triticum obtusiflorum DC. , Triticum ponticum Podp. , Triticum giganteum Roth .

Like other American sources, GRIN names Thinopyrum ponticum as a valid name and Elymus obtusiflorus as a synonym. GrassBase regards Elymus elongatus (Horst) Runemark as a valid name and names 41 synonyms, including Thinopyrum ponticum and Elymus obtusiflorus . WCSP names Thinopyrum obtusiflorum as a valid name. In German floriculture, the plant is called Elymus obtusiflorus and Elytrigia obtusiflora (DC.) Tzvelev .

use

Swell:

The obtuse couch grass has found several uses:

  • Pasture grass and forage; here the young shoots are suitable before the formation of stalks. This grass can also be used on salty soils.
  • Prevention of soil erosion in earthfills and other open soils.
  • Genetic plant breeding. The plant serves as a gene source in attempts to transfer properties such as suitability for salty and dry soils as well as resistance to fungal diseases and pests to wheat.
  • Use as an energy plant for the production of biogas or cellulosic ethanol . The variety with the trade name " Szarvasi-1 ", which is a breeding development of the dull-flowered couch grass on a hybrid basis and is subject to plant variety protection , became known here.

The blunt-flowered couch grass was cultivated several times . Six varieties are named for the USA and Canada and two for Australia.

swell

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Hans Joachim Conert: Parey's grass book . Blackwell Wissenschafts-Verlag, Berlin 2000, ISBN 3-8263-3327-6 .
  2. ↑ Henning Haeupler , Thomas Muer: picture atlas of the fern and flowering plants of Germany (= The fern and flowering plants of Germany. Volume 2). Published by the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3364-4 .
  3. ↑ a b c d e f Data sheet from the US Department of Agriculture website (PDF; 152 kB) accessed October 30, 2011
  4. ^ Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  233 .
  5. ^ A b Oskar Sebald, Siegmund Seybold, Georg Philippi, Arno Wörz (eds.): The fern and flowering plants of Baden-Württemberg . tape 7 : Special part (Spermatophyta, subclasses Alismatidae, Liliidae part 1, Commelinidae part 1): Butomaceae to Poaceae . Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1998, ISBN 3-8001-3316-4 , pp. 516-517 .
  6. ↑ Thinopyrum ponticum at GRIN, accessed October 30, 2011
  7. ^ GrassBase - The Online World Grass Flora , Kew Royal Botanical Gardens, synonym database, version for Microsoft Access, data status: November 2010
  8. ↑ Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Thinopyrum obtusiflorum. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved May 29, 2020.
  9. ^ S. Smoliak, RL Ditterline, JD Scheetz, LK Holzworth, JR Sims, LE Wiesner, DE Baldridge, GL Tibke: Tall Wheatgrass (Agropyron elongatum). ( Memento of the original from August 29, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Datasheet from Forage Extension Program at Montana State University. ( Memento of the original from July 22, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / animalrangeextension.montana.edu @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / animalrangeextension.montana.edu
  10. ↑ Agropyron elongatum (host). Beauv., Poaceae, Tall Wheatgrass , Source: James A. Duke. 1983. Handbook of Energy Crops. unpublished. at NewCROP - the New Crop Resource Online Program .
  11. ↑ "SZARVASI-1" ENERGIEGRAS at the non-profit research and development company for agriculture in Hungary.
  12. ↑ Triesdorf Energy Plant Trial (PDF) ( Memento from November 25, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) accessed on October 30, 2011
  13. ↑ Tall wheat grass (Thinopyrum ponticum) (PDF; 131 kB), data sheet, Department of Agriculture and Food, Government of Western Australia; Retrieved November 2, 2011

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